![Example: Two Styles of Direct Citation
• APA [emphasis on date]
Brie (1988) showed that the moon is made of cheese.
Cheddar (1990) reached the same conclusion.
• MLA [emphasis on page number]
Brie showed that the moon is made of cheese (111-19).
Cheddar reached the same conclusion (40-52).](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/citing-sources-141117132619-conversion-gate02/85/Citing-Sources-in-Technical-Writing-5-320.jpg)
![Example of Three Documentation Styles that
Use Endnotes
• Chicago [superscript number placed at the end of sentence.]
– Brie showed that the moon is made of cheese.¹ Cheddar reached the
same conclusion.²
• CBE [superscript number placed closed to author’s name]
– Brie¹ showed the moon is made of cheese. Cheddar² reached the
same conclusion.
• IEEE [uses brackets around superscript number placed close
to author’s name or reference to research]
– Brie[¹] Brie showed that the moon is made of cheese. Cheddar[²]
reached the same conclusion.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/citing-sources-141117132619-conversion-gate02/85/Citing-Sources-in-Technical-Writing-6-320.jpg)
Citing Sources in Technical Writing
- 1. The Rhetorical Purpose for Citing Sources in Technical Writing
- 2. What Do Citations DO? • Place research within the context of other work on the subject. Answers the question: what is your research adding to this body of knowledge? • Acknowledge conflicts with other research findings. Answers the question: why is your research challenging the findings of others? • Provide support for critically important claims based on the evidence of others. Answers the question: where is the evidentiary support for this claim? • Directs reader to bibliographical information. • Helps readers discern what weight to give the evidence.
- 3. Documentation styles: discipline-, company-, organization-, publication-, and can even be culturally specific.
- 4. Direct or Indirect? Direct citation. Author (and/or work) is identified directly and cited by parenthetical reference or through a footnote or endnote. Indirect citation. Author (and/or work) is not identified but cited parenthetically or through a footnote or endnote. HOW TO CHOOSE…?
- 5. Example: Two Styles of Direct Citation • APA [emphasis on date] Brie (1988) showed that the moon is made of cheese. Cheddar (1990) reached the same conclusion. • MLA [emphasis on page number] Brie showed that the moon is made of cheese (111-19). Cheddar reached the same conclusion (40-52).
- 6. Example of Three Documentation Styles that Use Endnotes • Chicago [superscript number placed at the end of sentence.] – Brie showed that the moon is made of cheese.¹ Cheddar reached the same conclusion.² • CBE [superscript number placed closed to author’s name] – Brie¹ showed the moon is made of cheese. Cheddar² reached the same conclusion. • IEEE [uses brackets around superscript number placed close to author’s name or reference to research] – Brie[¹] Brie showed that the moon is made of cheese. Cheddar[²] reached the same conclusion.
- 7. All Documentation Styles… • In-text citation information (parenthetical or superscript) must be accompanied by a corresponding entry in a Works Cited, References List, or Bibliography where information about the source is provided. • Basic elements of a bibliography (any documentation style): – Name of author – Name of text – Date of text – Publisher of text
- 8. For Citation Help The Writing Center at Colorado State is a useful resource for understanding documentation styles. http://writing.colostate.edu/guides/researchsources/documentation/specific.cfm 8