Class9&10 - The Talking Brain
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The document discusses the history of theories about the relationship between the mind and brain. It describes early theories like dualism which viewed the mind and body as separate. It also discusses phrenology and early localization studies by Broca and Wernicke that linked specific brain regions to language production and comprehension abilities. This provided evidence that language functions are distinct and localized to different brain areas, challenging views of the mind as non-physical.
Class9&10 - The Talking Brain
- 1. The talking Brain LCD 105 - Class 9 & 10 - Professor Nathacia
- 2. MIDTERM October 11th - 5:00pm DON’T BE LATE! No extra time!
- 3. Ok.. we now have a (partial) definition for Language • Abstract reality that is socially-based, individually-based AND specifically-based; • It is a Faculty of the mind; • It is a cognition.
- 4. Cognition? • Oxford: the mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses • Psychological Glossary: All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, and remembering. As you can tell, any of your ideas, thoughts, memories, etc., are all types of cognitive processes. What you are doing (reading and learning this explanation) is a type of cognition.
- 5. Houston, we have a problem…
- 7. Houston, we have a problem…
- 8. Dualism Mind and Body are to completely independent things. Descartes: Mind is non-physical - and therefore, non-spacial - substance. The mental can exist outside the body.
- 9. Dualism Mind and Body are to completely independent things. Descartes: Mind is non-physical - and therefore, non-spacial - substance. The mental can exist outside the body. Problem: How to explain non-physical substance causing physical events?
- 10. Materialism There is no mind actually. Everything is physical. What we call mind is actually an epiphenomenon of physical interactions. Radical Behaviorism: mind is an epiphenomenon of stimuli- response relations. Problem: It doesn't explain mental causes as knowledge, expectation and beliefs. Logical Behaviorism: mind is an epiphenomenon of logical relations between a stimulus and a response. Problem: it just explain mental causes in a event-event relation. What happens if there’s no reason for a change of mind? Central-State Identity: mind is an epiphenomenon of neurons arrangement / circuits.
- 12. By Rama, CC BY-SA 3.0 fr, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=58036467 The interest for what is inside the head goes back many thousands years BC Trepanning or Trepanation Surgical intervention (alive people) in which a hole was drilled or scraped into a skull
- 13. Hippocrates Actually the brain is the organ of the mind (major controlling center)
- 14. Hippocrates and Galenus Actually the brain is the organ of the mind (major controlling center) Mental activity occurs in the brain.
- 15. Franz Joseph Gall Organology: the isolation of mental faculties. Cranioscopy: reading the skull's shape. Phrenology
- 20. Phineas Gage and the Localization Hypothesis
- 26. Back to relating anatomy and cognition Pierre Paul Broca 1860
- 27. Back to relating anatomy and cognition Pierre Paul Broca 1860
- 28. Back to relating anatomy and cognition Pierre Paul Broca 1860
- 31. Broca’s aphasia Pierre Paul Broca Problems with production of closed class words No problems of comprehension Prosody not affected (or most part of it) Principal conclusion: Language Production and Language Comprehension are (anatomically and physiologically) distinct.
- 32. A different type of disorder Karl Wernicke
- 35. Wernicke’s aphasia Karl Wernicke Problems with comprehension Problems in making sense (semantics) No problems of articulation or speech production (in the matter of Phonetics, phonology, morphology or syntax - in certain extent) Principal conclusion (confirmed): Language Production and Language Comprehension are (anatomically and physiologically) distinct.