Classification of textiles
- 1. Classification of Textiles G.Santhana Krishnan Training Division The South India Textile Research Association
- 2. Textile • Textile is a process of converting fiber or polymer into sheet. • Earlier it was just full fill the basic needs of human being • To protect from weather • Then converted into 3d structures • Now it goes beyond in clothing science (comfort, vanity, functional)
- 3. Manufacturing technique Application areas Type of raw material Finishing Classification of Textiles
- 4. Origin of Fibre Two origins Natural resources( non Thermo Man Made fibers(thermo plastic, thermo set) Natural fibers there are limitation in properties and having more variations Manmade fibers produced according to our wish
- 5. Natural fibers According to the source • Plants (seeds, stem, leaf & seed) • Animal (Hair, saliva) • Mineral (basalt)
- 6. Natural Fibers and Textiles
- 8. Animal Fibers Different stages in the silk mill: brushing (drawing out the end of the thread), extracting,
- 10. Manmade Fibers • 1. Regenerated Fibers • 2. Synthetic fibers • 3. High performance fibers
- 13. YARNS CONTINUOUS FILAMENT FLAT SPUN-STAPLE FIBRE LENGTH TEXTURED SHORT STAPLE RING SPUN BIOCOMPONENT LONG STAPLE ROTOR SPUN FILM (TAPE OR SPLIT) YARN CONSTRUCTION (COMPOUND) SPINNING METHODS TWISTLESS WRAP SPUN CORE SPUN FOLDED OR DOUBLED YARN CABLED YARN NOVELTY YARNS METALLIC YARNS FANCY YARNS
- 15. Ring Yarns • Ring Yarns further classified as 1.Warp yarn More even and Highly twisted for high strength 2.Hosiearnry Soft bulkier yarn , Less twist
- 17. Open End Rotor Spinning Rotor Yarn Package Feed Roll Transport Air Channel Sliver Condenser Sliver Combing Roll Trash Feed Plate
- 18. Murata Air Jet Spinning b
- 19. Murata Vortex
- 20. Fancy yarns
- 21. Fabric Manufacturing Polymers Fibers Yarns Woven Knitted Braided Non-woven Fabrics Application It eliminates the yarn production process and makes the fabric directly from fibers.
- 22. Manufacturing Technic • • • • Woven fabrics Knitted fabrics Non woven fabrics Braided structures
- 23. Production Rate Fabric production method Weaving Rate of fabric production 1 m/min Knitting 2 m/min Nonwoven 100 m/min
- 24. Woven Fabric
- 25. Knitted Fabric (weft Knitting)
- 26. Warp Knitting
- 28. Nonwoven Fabric There are normally two steps for making non-woven products. 1. Web formation 2. Bonding systems
- 29. Parallel-laid web from carded fibers
- 30. Cross Laid Web
- 31. Parellel laid /cross laid web • Card webs are arranged one over another in a parellel manner • Strength is high in length wise direction than cross direction • By means of cross laper, delivery of web turned to right angle
- 32. Air laid Web
- 33. Airlaid web wet laid • Opened fibers are suspended in air and deposited on a perforated sheet or drum • Fibers dispersed in water and deposited on a perforated felt and drain (Paper, Tea bag technic)
- 34. Types of Bonding – Needled felts – Adhesives – Heat bonding – Stitch bonding
- 35. Needle Punching Needle punching Cross section of a needle-punched bonded fabric. Fibers held together by frictional Contact between fibers
- 36. Adhesive Bonding • The strength of fabric increased by adding adhesive. Where strength is not enough
- 37. Thermal Adhessive • Melt-bonding at selected points to give extra stability to a spun bonded geotextile • Spun bond and Melt blown systems
- 38. Stitch Bonding . Webs may also be given extra strength by stitching them through with yarns. Such structures are usually more flexible
- 39. Webs from filament • It is possible to tangle filaments together to form a web. Such webs are much stronger than web made from staple fibres. • The thermoplastic filaments are welded to each other to form a strong fabric suitable for curtains & tablecloths. • Sometimes, the filaments are textured before web formation. This allows greater extensibility of the fabric in use.
- 40. Application of Textiles • Domestic applications • Shirting • Intimate fabrics • Vanity fabrics • Technical Textiles 14 groups and 128 applications
- 42. Build tech
- 44. GEO synthetics • Geogrids - reinforce slopes beneath the waste, walls, cover soils above geomembranes; • Geonets - in-plane drainage; • Geomembranes – a barrier to liquids, gases and/or vapors and landfill caps; • Geocomposites –for separation, filtration or drainage; • Geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) - an infiltration/hydraulic barrier; used also for mine rehabilitation, tunnels, secondary containment • Geopipes - landfill applications to facilitate collection and rapid drainage of the leachate to a sump and removal system; • Geotextiles - filtration purpose or as cushion to protect the geomembrane from puncture.
- 47. Finishing of Fabrics • General surface finishes (mechanical finishes, chemical finishes) • Functional Finishes
- 49. ffffff Resistance to sunlight and UV degradation Abrasion resistance Reduced flammability Soil resistance and easy cleanability Resistant to microbes and other bacteria Crease resistance Softer handle and touch Water proof (water proof & breathable)
- 50. ffffff Controlled fragrance release Anti Bacterial finish camouflage Non sensetivity by radors Radiation Sheilding Glow fabrics
- 52. Smart Textiles Incorporation of: Sensors and actuators MP3, GPS, GSM, Ipod, Iphone Ipad Energy harvesting systems Plastic electronics Markets: Personal protective garments Medical systems Sports and Leisure Niches