Cn ipv4 addressing
- 1. IPV4 ADDRESSING N.SURATHAVANI(Info Tech) NADAR SARASWATHI COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE.
- 2. IPV4 ADDRESSES IPv4 address is a 32-bit address that uniquely and universally defines the connection of a device to the internet. Ipv4 addresses are unique.
- 3. Two devices on the internet can never have the same address at the same time. The IPv4 address are universal in the sense that the addressing system must be accepted by any host that wants to be connected to the internet.
- 4. IPv4 Addressing A core function of IP is to provide logical addressing for hosts. An IP address provides a hierarchical structure to both uniquely identify a host, and what network that host exists on. An IP address is most often represented in decimal, in the following format: 158.80.164.3
- 5. An IP address is comprised of four octets, separated by periods: First Octet Second Octet Third Octet Fourth Octet 158 80 164 3 Each octet is an 8-bit number, resulting in a 32-bit IP address. The smallest possible value of an octet is 0, or 00000000 in binary. The largest possible value of an octet is 255, or 11111111 in binary. The above IP address represented in binary would look as follows: First Octet Second Octet Third Octet Fourth Octet 10011110 01010000 10100100
- 6. Binary to Decimal Conversion: Converting from binary back to decimal is even simpler. Apply the binary number to the conversion table, and then add up any columns with binary bits set to 1. For example, consider the binary number of 11110001: Decimal 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 Binary 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 By adding 128 + 64 + 32 + 16+ 1, it can be determined that 11110001 equals 241.
- 7. The Subnet Mask (continued) Hosts on the same logical network will have identical network addresses, and can communicate freely. For example, the following two hosts are on the same network: Host A: 158.80.164.100 255.255.0.0 Host B: 158.80.164.101 255.255.0.0 Both share the same network address (158.80), which is determined by the 255.255.0.0 subnet mask.
- 8. For example: Host A: 158.80.164.100 255.255.0.0 Host B: 158.85.164.101 255.255.0.0 The specified subnet mask is now 255.248.0.0, which doesn’t fall cleanly on an octet boundary. To determine if these hosts are on separate networks, first convert everything to binary: Host Address:10011110.01010000.00000001.00000 001 Host Address:10011110.01001111.00000001.000000 01 Subnet Mask:
- 9. IP Address Classes: The IPv4 address space has been structured into several classes. The value of the first octet of an address determines the class of the network: Class First Octet Range Default Subnet Mask Class A 1 - 127 255.0.0.0 Class B 128 – 191 255.255.0.0 Class C 192 - 223 255.255.255.0 Class D 224 – 239 -
- 10. Class A : Networks range from 1 to 127. The default subnet mask is 255.0.0.0. Thus, by default, the first octet defines the network, and the last three octets define the host. This results in a maximum of 127 Class A networks, with 16,777,214 hosts per network! Example of a Class A address: Address: 64.32.254.100 Subnet Mask: 255.0.0.0
- 11. Class B: Networks range from 128 to 191. The default subnet mask is 255.255.0.0. Thus, by default, the first two octets define the network, and the last two octets define the host. This results in a maximum of 16,384 Class B networks, with 65,534 hosts per network. Example of a Class B address: Address: 152.41.12.195 Subnet Mask: 255.255.0.0
- 12. Class C: Networks range from 192 to 223. The default subnet mask is 255.255.255.0. Thus, by default, the first three octets define the network, and the last octet defines the host. This results in a maximum of 2,097,152 Class C networks, with 254 hosts per network. Example of a Class C address: Address: 207.79.233.6 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
- 14. Unicast Addressing Mode: In this mode, data is sent only to one destined host. The Destination Address field contains 32- bit IP address of the destination host. Here the client sends data to the targeted server:
- 15. Broadcast Addressing Mode: In this mode, the packet is addressed to all the hosts in a network segment. The Destination Address field contains a special broadcast address, i.e. 255.255.255.255. When a host sees this packet on the network, it is bound to process it. Here the client sends a packet, which is entertained by all the Servers:
- 17. Multicast Addressing Mode: This mode is a mix of the previous two modes, i.e. the packet sent is neither destined to a single host nor all the hosts on the segment. In this packet, the Destination Address contains a special address which starts with 224.x.x.x and can be entertained
- 18. Every network has one IP address reserved for the Network Number which represents the network and one IP address reserved for the Broadcast Address, which represents all the hosts in that network.
- 20. Hierarchical Addressing Scheme IPv4 uses hierarchical addressing scheme. An IP address, which is 32-bits in length, is divided into two or three parts as depicted:
- 21. A single IP address can contain information about the network and its sub-network and ultimately the host. This scheme enables the IP Address to be hierarchical where a network can have many sub-networks which in turn can have many hosts.