COMPUTER AIDED LANGUAGE FOR CIVIL ENGINEERING
- 2. SL NO EXPERIMENT NAME 1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER AIDED DRAWING 2 PRACTICE EXERCISES ON CAD 3 DRAWING OF PLANS OF BUILDINGS 4 DRAWING OF SECTIONS AND ELEVATIONS OF BUILDINGS 5 DETAILING OF BUILDING COMPONENTS 6 DEVELOPING OF WORKING OF BUILDING INDEX
- 3. EXERCISE-1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER AIDED DRAFTING • Introduction: • In this section you are going to learn how to deal with the different AutoCAD Windows and theircontents. • When you start AutoCAD, three windows will be displayed on your screen: • Autocad window: AutoCAD Window consists of the following components: • • The standard menubars • The floatingtoolbars • The commandline • The drawingarea • The statusbar • Draw toolbar, Modify toolbar and Object Snap toolbar can be added to your AutoCAD Window by selecting the command View from the standard menu bar and choose any • Toolbar from the toolbar dialog box. • • Today window: The use of Today window will help you: – Start a newdrawing • - Open adrawing – Find adrawing – Save adrawing
- 4. • Load AutoCAD symbol libraries • And you will also learn how to set up tools such as grid and snap to make drawing accurate and easier. • Starting a new drawing. • From the pull-down menu, select the command new. • Specify the new name of the drawing. • Click the OKbox. • Opening a Drawing. • From the pull-down menu, select the commandOpen. • Choose the drive where the drawing issaved. • Select the drawing you want open from the listed drawingnames. • Saving a drawing. • When you type at the command line, or select from the file menu the save command AutoCAD will display a save dialog box which will allow you to save your drawing under the current name or choose anothername. • If the drawing is already named, you can select the Qsave command from the standard toolbar menu. While you are working on your drawing, remember to save your work every 15 to 20 minutes. This way will save you time and frustrations in case something goes wrong with your computer. • Prototype Drawing. • From the pull-down menu, select the commandOpen. • From the template dialog box, select the file you want touse. • You May choose to erase the contents of the file or modifyit. • Any drawing can be used as a template. • Closing a drawing • You can close a drawing without exiting AutoCAD program, or you can close a drawing and exiting AutoCAD program. • From the file menu, select Exit command, this will close theprogram. • From the file menu, select New or Open command, this will allow you to continue +-using theprogram. • Active assistance window: This window will display information about any AutoCAD command
- 5. EXERCISE 2 PRACTICE EXERCISE ON CAD SOFTWARE • Drawing alphabets • Commands to be used is line • To draw horizontal and vertical lines keep ortho on To draw inclined lines keep the ortho off • Draw the alphabets as per the given dimensions • Drawing cross sections • (I, C, T, angles, solid and hollow sections) • Commands to be used is line • To draw horizontal and vertical lines keep ortho on To draw inclined lines keep the ortho off • Draw the alphabets as per the given dimensions
- 6. EXERCISE 3 DRAWING OF PLANS OF BUILDINGS • Single storey building, b) Multi storey building – Open AutoCAD and create the outline of the house's exterior: Click the "Home" tab, then click the "Draw" panel's "Rectangle"button • Start by setting your units to architectural (DDUNITS). Remember to create new layers for each type of objects you will draw (windows, doors, walls, roof, etc). Also use the "Render > Visual Styles > Realistic" option when adding materials. Start with layout/floor-plan. • Thickness of wall, place of windows and outer doors is enough accurate. • Now draw the bases of the walls using the dimensions are shown below. You don't need to dimension. – Now you will create regions out of all your wall lines. Click near the upper-left corner of the drawing window and drag toward the lower-right corner. Release the mouse to complete the rectangle. – Define the top views of walls, beginning with clicking the rectangle tool again. Click and drag inside the house outline to define walls that separate the house's rooms. If you're not sure how you want to define your rooms, draw a single rectangle that divides the house outline through its horizontal center. Ensure the rectangle's length extends the full width of the house's outline, and that its width is as small as possible. – Draw the floor plan for furnishings. Once you've defined the borders of each room, apply the rectangle tool to define the largest furnishings inside each room. For example, draw rectangles for the beds, sofas and dressers. To size these objects correctly, relate their largest dimensions to the room's largest dimension. For example, a plausible length for a bed will be somewhere between one-fourth and one-half the length of the room. Size the bed's width similarly, except base it on the bed's length, not the room.
- 7. • Add rectangles for each remaining item you want in the house, working from largest to smallest. Begin visualizing your home in three dimensions: Enter "Orbit" at the command prompt at the bottom of the screen. Click and drag slightly up and left. This will move your viewpoint to one displaying the three dimensions of your house, once you make the home 3- D in the nextstep • Click one of your house's walls to select it, then enter "Extrude" at the command line. This command expands 2-D surfaces into 3-D objects. Size the wall to a height you desire, then click to end the extrusion. Repeat this step for each rectangle you drew, to make the house fully3-D • Substact the frame holes (windows and doors) • Create a door layer (or make it active if you already have one) and draw a rectangle in the door opening that is 3"x 3' - put it in the middle of the door opening. Extrude it6'8". • If you haven't saved your drawing yet, now would be a good time. Now you're going to add some windows. This will be done using a similar process as the door. You will create openings, then add the window. Create 2 rectangles in the position shown below. EXTRUDE the window 36 inches. Move them up 3'8" in the Zaxis. • Remember to use layers • For multi-storeyed building copy the base floor at thetop.
- 9. EXERCISE 4 DRAWING OF SECTIONS AND ELEVATIONS OF BUILDINGS a) Single Storey Building, B)Multi Storey Building • Once the single storeyed or multi storeyed building is drawn then the section and elevation are drawn as follows, • Thee are three type of sections used in engineering graphics: • FullSection. • OffsetSection. • HalfSection. • Each section is distinguished through its cutting plane line • The use of sectional views in engineering graphics is to make orthographic views less complicated to visualize. Cutting the view to reveal the interior will eliminate all hidden lines which will make the view easier to understand and todraw. • AutoCAD has several hatch patterns stored as a built-in library. The setting for patterns, scale for pattern, angle for pattern and object selection can be done through the hatching dialog box. Procedure: • Select Hatch command from the Drawpull-menu, • Select the desiredpattern, • Set the scalepattern, • Set the anglepattern, • Select the area tohatch • Press enter to terminate the Hatchcommand. Result: • Plan , elevation and cross section of a building
- 10. EXERCISE 5 DETAILING OF BUILDING COMPONENTS • Draw a rectangle of size BXH and then add a circle with corner of rectangle as centre and h as radius • Trim the extra portion to form a door • Windows • Draw a rectangle of size BXH and add couple of lines in the middle which indicate it as a window • Result:
- 11. EXERCISE 6 DEVELOPMENT OF WORKING OF BUILDING • Draw a Floor Plan in Autocad? Step 1: • Open the autocad. • • Step 2: Draw the building outline of the house by using the "Line" command. Click the "Line" icon to activate the command. Left-click to start and end theline. • Step 3: Offset the building outline the desired thickness of the exterior wall. Use the "Offset" command. Try offsetting 1'-0" for now. You can always go back and change it. • Step 4: Draw all interior walls by using the same "Line" and "Offset" commands. • Step 5: Use the "Trim" command to trim any messy intersections on the exterior or interior conditions. Left-click the "Trim" icon to activate the tool. Select the "cutting edge" line followed by the line that you would like to trim off. • Step 6: Cut openings for doors and windows by drawing lines and then trimming away the opening. If you want a 3'- 0" door, draw a line perpendicular to the wall, offset it 3'-0", and trim away the excess lines. • Step 7: Draw doors and windows where the new openings exist. • Step 8: Draw furniture, cabinets, and other interior items by using the "Line" and "Polyline" commands. You can easily create blocks of furniture by using a polyline. Select the polyline icon and left click to start the shape. Continue clicking until you complete the desired shape. The shape will now be grouped as one item. • Step 9: Activate the Dimension icon and click the edges of each wall that you would like to dimension to. This will give the drawing a more professional look and also gives people a sense of the space. • Step 10: Plot the drawing to a printer or to a PDF format. Hit the plot icon to open theplot • settings. Choose the layout type, pen settings, and window view that you would like to use.
- 12. Result:
- 13. DRAWING WITH AUTOCAD Definition: • Orthographic projection is a drawing representation using the front, the top, and the left or the right side views of an object. • This drawing representation is designed to describe the object through its principle views, the relation between them, the size and the location dimensions of each one and how they are related compared to the pictorial view. The emphasis is placed mainly on the visualization of theobject. • One of the most efficient methods of creating orthographic views with AutoCAD is through the use of AutoCAD Drawing and Editing Commands, such as: • Line, Circle, Erase, Copy, Offset, Mirror, Block, ect. • The understanding of orthographic projection is essential for the topics that follow such as: Auxiliary views, Sectioning and Surface Intersections.
- 14. GEOMETRIC CONSTRUCTION WITH AUTOCAD • Geometric construction is based on plane geometry, including; points, lines, circles, arcs and polygons. • AutoCAD provides powerful commands for creating complex geometric figures. AutoCAD commands used in this section are: • Circle command with the TTR option (Tangent, Tangent and Radius); • Fillet command, Trim command Offset command and Polygon command. • Every command is explained and examples are shown during the lecture session. • The techniques and applications explained are used throughout the class work and homework assignments
- 15. Keys Functions F1. Help. F2. Switches from Graphics mode to Text mode and Vice-versa. F3. Turns Object Snap ON/OFF. F4 3d object snap F5 Used to change the direction of cursor in isometric F6. Turns Coordinate read out ON/OFF. F7. Turns Grid display ON/OFF. F8. Turns Ortho ON/OFF. F9. Turns Snap ON/OFF. F10 Polar tracking F11 Object snap tracking F12 Dynamic input