Computer generations copy
- 2. The generation of computer means the gap between the development of the computer in terms of the technologies. Each generation of computer is characterized by a major technologies development that fundamentally changed the way computer operate, resulting, smaller, cheaper and more powerful, efficient and reliable device. Computer generations
- 3. Ist generation 2nd generation 3rd Generation 4th generation 5th generation
- 4. Used thousand of vacuum tubes They were fastest calculating devices. Too large in size Large amount of heat due to thousands of vacuum tubes, so air conditioning was required High power consumption Frequent hardware failure due to burn out of tubes Costly to manufacture and maintain these computers The first computer using vacuum tubes was ENIAC Ist Generation (1944-1958)
- 6. Use of transistors instead of vacuum tubes These transistors were made of solid material, some of which is silicon, therefore they were very cheap to produce Easier to use and handle No burning out, but hardware failures were still there Almost ten times faster than tubes Much smaller than vacuum tubes and generate less heat. Less expensive to produce but still costlier Produce less heat as compared to tubes but air Conditioning was required High level programming languages such as FORTRAN, COBOL were used Easier to program these computers Batch operating system was used 2ND GENERATION (1959 - 1964)
- 7. INTEGRATED CIRCUIT In 1958, Jack St. Clair Cilby & Robert Noyce invented integrated circuits IC’s consist of several electric components like transistors, resistors and capacitors embedded on a single chip of silicon SSI, MSI technology More powerful & faster than second generation computers. Smaller in size and require small space for installation Require less power and produce less heat but still need proper air conditioning Faster and large memory 3RD GENERATION (1964 - 1970)
- 8. 3RD GENERATION (1964 - 1970) continue……
- 9. INTEGRATED CIRCUIT Use of IC’s with VLSI technology Very Large-scale integrated (VLSI). Microprocessors and semiconductor memory Larger memory because of larger hard disks and floppy disks and magnetic tapes as portable storage media Very less heat hence no air conditioning was required instead fans were used. Graphical User Interface operating systems were used Very easy to manufacture & maintain them and cost very less Very fast as compared to computers in early generations Microprocessors led to the invention of personal computers. 4TH GENERATION (1971- PRESENT)
- 10. 4TH GENERATION (1971- PRESENT) continue
- 11. IC’s based on ULSI technology Portable PC’s (notebook computers) were much smaller And handy Much faster and powerful than computers in earlier generations Consume very less power Less costlier and easy to manufacture and maintain Newer and more powerful applications make computers more easy to use in every field Artificial Intelligence (AI) concerns with making computers behave and think like humans. AI studies include robotics, expert systems, games, etc.. 5th GENERATION PRESENT & BEYOND