2. INTRODUCTION
What is Computer Network?
A computer network is a
set of computers connected together for
the purpose of sharing resources. The
most common resource shared today is
connection to the Internet. Other shared
resources can include a printer or a file
server. The Internet itself can be
considered a computer network
4. ADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER NETWORK
1. IT ENHANCES COMMUNICATION
AND AVAILABILITY OF INFORMATION.
2. IT ALLOWS FOR MORE
CONVENIENT RESOURCE SHARING.
3. IT MAKES FILE SHARING
EASIER.
5. 4. IT IS HIGHLY FLEXIBLE.
5. IT IS AN INEXPENSIVE SYSTEM.
6. IT BOOSTS STORAGE
CAPACITY.
ADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER NETWORK
7. 1. IT LACKS INDEPENDENCE.
2. IT POSES SECURITY
DIFFICULTIES.
3. IT LACKS ROBUSTNESS.
DISADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER NETWORK
8. 4. IT ALLOWS FOR MORE PRESENCE OF
COMPUTER VIRUSES AND MALWARE.
5. IT REQUIRES AN EFFICIENT
HANDLER.
6. IT REQUIRES AN EXPENSIVE SET-
UP.
DISADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER NETWORK
12. COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER NETWORK
1. HUBS
A network host is a computer or other
device connected to a computer network. A
network host may offer information
resources, services, and applications to
users or other nodes on the network.
There are two types of hub:
(I) ACTIVE HUB (II) PASSIVE HUB
13. (i) it’s electrically amplify the signal as it moves
from one connected device to another.
(ii)active concentrators are used like repeaters to
extend the length of the network.
(I) ACTIVE HUB
14. it’s an device that electrically amplifies the
signal it receives and rebroadcasts it.
REPEATERS:
15. It allows the signal to pass from one
computer to another without any change.
(ii) PASSIVE HUB
17. COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER NETWORK
2. SERVERS
A server is a type of computer or
device on a network that manages network
resources. Servers are often dedicated.
21. COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER NETWORK
4. COMMUNICATION CHANNEL
A communication channel or simply
channel refers either to a physical
transmission medium such as a wire, or to
a logical connection over a multiplexed
medium such as a radio channel in
telecommunications and computer
networking
22. COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER NETWORK
4. COMMUNICATION CHANNEL
1. WIRED OR GUIDED
COMMUNICATION CHANNEL
2. WIRELESS OR UNGUIDED
COMMUNICATION CHANNEL
Types of communication channels are:
23. 1. WIRED OR GUIDED COMMUNICATION CHANNEL
4. COMMUNICATION CHANNEL
24. When host and server with one another
through guided media
Like ,network cables like it’s called
wired communication channels/medium
Example:
TWISTED-PAIR CABLES
COAXIAL CABLES
FIBRE OPTICAL CABLE .
1. WIRED OR GUIDED COMMUNICATION CHANNEL
25. 2. WIRELESS OR UNGUIDED
COMMUNICATION CHANNEL
4. COMMUNICATION CHANNEL
26. When hosts and server are connected
with one another through guided media. Like,
radio waves ,satellite etc.,
Example of wireless communication:
RADIO WAVE ,
MICRO WAVE,
SATELLITE etc.,
2. WIRELESS OR UNGUIDED
COMMUNICATION CHANNEL
28. A computer network means a group of
‘network’ Computers
A network can mean a small of linked
computers to a chain of a few hundred computer
of different types (eg , PCs, minis,
mainframes etc ) Spread around the world.
TYPES OF NETWORK
29. Based on network span or geographical
spread , network can be divided into two
types:
TYPES OF NETWORK BASED ON
GEOGRAPHICAL SPREAD
(I)LAN (LOCAL AREA NETWORK)
(II)WAN(WIDE AREA NETWORK)
31. Small computer network that are confined
to a localised are a ( eg ; an office , a building
or a factory) are known as LAN’s.
The key purpose of LAN is to serve its users in
resource sharing .
The hardware as well as software resources are
shared through LAN’s.
LAN users can share data , information ,
programs , printers , modems ,etc.,
LAN (LOCAL AREA NETWORK)
32. WAN (WIDE AREA NETWORK)
TYPES OF NETWORK BASED ON
GEOGRAPHICAL SPREAD
33. The network spread across countries (or) on a
very big geographical area are known as WAN‘s.
It is a group of computers that are separated by a
large distance and tied together .
It can be a group of LAN’s that are separated across
several locations and connected together to look
like one big LAN.
Computers are connected to a wide area network
are often connected through public networks such
as telephone systems .
WAN (WIDE AREA NETWORK)
36. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LAN & WAN
S.N
O
LAN WAN
1)
IT IS SPRED
OVER A SMALL
AREA
IT IS SPREAD
OVER A VERY
LARGE AREA
2)
IT IS USUALLY
COSTS LESS TO
SET IT UP
IT COSTS
HIGHER TO SET
IT UP
3)
IT IS USUALLY
A SINGLE
NETWORK
IT IS USUALLY A
NETWORK OF
MANY
38. Another parameter based on which you
can classify networks is the role played by
network computers in the network operations
on basis , there are 2 types of networks:
TYPES OF NETWORK BY
COMPONENTS
(I) PEER TO PEER NETWORKS
II) CLIENT / SERVER NETWORKS
39. PEER TO PEER (P2P) NETWORKS
TYPES OF NETWORK BY
COMPONENTS
41. P2P network literally implements the
meaning word Peer (ex : Each computer on
P2P network is equal) , that is each computer
can play a role of a client or a server.
The computer that serve on P2P
computers are often termed as non-dedicated
servers
Contd….
PEER TO PEER (P2P) NETWORKS
42. (P2P) networks are popular as home networks
and for use in small companies as they are
inexpensive and easy to install ,but they are
limited scope and are difficult to secure.
On small networks , workstation that can
double up as a server is known as
NON-DEDICATDED SERVER .
Non–Dedicated Server can shuttle bw client
as well as server role.
Small networks that are using such a servers
are known as P2P networks.
PEER TO PEER (P2P) NETWORKS
45. Unlike P2P networks , bigger networks prefer
to have centralised control .
They do this by clearing designations servers
and clients such networks are called
CLIENT-SERVER NETWORKS (or)
MASTER-SLAVE NETWORKS.
On bigger network installation , there is a
computer reserved for the server’s job and its
only job is to help workstations access the
data, software , hardware resources .
CONTD…
CLIENT / SERVER NETWORKS
46. It does not double up as workstation and such
servers is known as dedicated servers.
Dedicated servers operates solely as a server on
a network.
For ex : There may be a server exclusively for
serving files – related requests like storing files
deciding about their access privileges &
regulating the amount of space allowed for each
server.
CLIENT / SERVER NETWORKS
48. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CLIENT
SERVER AND P2P
SERVIC
E
CLIENT SERVER P2P
SECURI
TY
The server controls
security of network
No central control
over security
MANA
GEMEN
T
The server manages
the network .
Needs a dedicated
team of people to
manage the server .
No central control
over the network .
Any one can set up.
49. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CLIENT
SERVER AND P2P
SERVICE CLIENT
SERVER
P2P
DEPENDENC
Y
Clients are
depend on the
servers.
Clients are not
depend on central
servers.
50. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CLIENT
SERVER AND P2P
SERVICE CLIENT
SERVER
P2P
PERFORMAN
CE
The server can
be upgraded to
be made more
powerful to cope
with high
demand.
If machines on
the network are
slow they will
slow down other
machines.
BACKUPS Data is all
backed up on
the main server .
Each computer
has to be backed
up Data can
51. Computer networks are formed when computers
are connected with one and other . The
connections among the hosts are established
using specific communication media.
The computer networks can be categorized as
these:
TYPES OF NETWORK BASED ON
COMMUNICATION CHANNEL
1. WIRED COMPUTER
NETWORKS
2. WIRELESS COMPUTER
NETWORKS
52. 1. WIRED COMPUTER NETWORK
TYPES OF NETWORK BASED ON
COMMUNICATION CHANNEL
53. As clear by name in wired computer
networks , the host and other devices are
interconnected through wiring or cables. Most
wired computer networks are of LAN type .
Although , there are wireless LAN’s too
and there are bigger networks that used
wireless medias too.
Contd..
WIRED COMPUTER NETWORK
54. Commonly used cables in wired networks
are one of the following three types:
WIRED COMPUTER NETWORK
A) TWISTED PAIR CABLE
B) COAXIAL CABLE (COAX)
C)FIBRE OPTIC CABLE (OPTIC
FIBRE CABLE).
55. TYPES OF WIRED CABLES
A) TWISTED PAIR CABLE:
TYPES OF NETWORK BASED ON
COMMUNICATION CHANNEL
56. A twisted pair cable is a pair of
insulated wires that are twisted together to
improve electromagnetic capability and to
reduce from outside source these available in
various forms such as CAT1 , CAT2 ,
CAT3 , CAT4 , CAT5 , CAT6
TYPES OF WIRED CABLES
A) TWISTED PAIR
CABLE:
57. TYPES OF WIRED CABLES
B) COAXIAL CABLE
(COAX)
TYPES OF NETWORK BASED ON
COMMUNICATION CHANNEL
58. This type cables consist of a solid wire
core surrounded by one or more foil or wire
shield each separated by some kind of plastic
insulator
Ex : Thicknet and Thinnet .
TYPES OF WIRED CABLES
B) COAXIAL CABLE (COAX)
59. TYPES OF WIRED CABLES
C) FIBRE OPTIC
CABLE :
TYPES OF NETWORK BASED ON
COMMUNICATION CHANNEL
60. Consist of a bundle of glass threads
each of which capable of transmitting
messages modulated on to light waves .
Example:
Single node
Multi-node
TYPES OF WIRED CABLES
C) FIBRE OPTIC
CABLE :
62. WIRELESS COMPUTER
NETWORKS
The computer networks that use
environment or air as the media , through which
information is transmitted without any cable or
wires or the electronic conductor , rather by
using electromagnetic waves like: IR(infrared) ,
RF(radio frequencies) , satellite , etc are
wireless computer networks
EXAMPLE: i) When you connect all smartphones
to a common WIFI (a wireless LAN )
ii) WAN can also be formed using wireless
media such as satellite.
66. Micro waves are high frequency waves
that used to transmit data wirelessly over a
long distances. The microwave transmission
consists of a transmitter , receiver and the
atmosphere .
Shorter wavelength than radio waves.
Higher frequency than radio waves.
Higher energy than radio waves.
Examples: Cell Phones and Radar.
MICRO WAVE
68. Longest wave Length.
Lowest Frequency.
Lowest Energy.
WI-FI that has become common word today
also use radio waves to transmit data among
connected devices.
Some More Examples: TV,AM,FM Radio
Signals.
Radio waves easily travel through the
atmosphere and many materials.
RADIO WAVE
70. Satellite communication is a special case of a
microwave relay system.
Satellite communication use the synchronous
satellite to relay the alien radio signal
transmitted from ground station.
The satellite accept data / signals transmitted
from an earth station , amplify them , and
retransmit them to another station.
Using such as a setup data can be transmitted
to other side of the earth in only one step.
Contd…
SATELLITE
73. In the smooth functioning of a computer , other
than computers and wiring , many devices (or)
specialized hardware play important roles .
NETWORK DEVICES AND
HARDWARE
75. A standalone computer (a computer that does
not attached to a network) lives in its own
world and carries out its tasks with its own
inbuilt resources.
The (NIC) is a device that is attached to each of
the workstations and the server & helps the
workstation to establish all the important
connections with network.
Each NIC that is attached to a workstation has a
unique number identification which is known
as note address
NETWORK INTERFACE CARD (NIC)
76. The NIC is also called as Terminal Access Point
(TAP) different manufacturers have different
name for the interface .
The NIC is also called as NIU – (Network
Interface Unit)
The (NIC) manufacturers assigns a unique
physical address to each NIC-card , this physical
address is know as MAC-address ------ (Media
Access Control)
NETWORK INTERFACE CARD (NIC)
78. The (NIC) manufacture assigns a unique
physical address to each NIC-card , the
physical address is know as (MAC-Address) .
A MAC-Address is a 6-bytes with each byte
separated by an colon
Eg;
10 : B5 : 03 : 63 : 2E : FC
Contd..
MAC ADDRESS
79. MAC-address is actually an number assigned
to the network card of your computer .
The first three bytes are “manufacturer—ID”
and the last three byte are the card—no .
Eg; Manufacturer--ID
10 : B5 : 03 : 63 : 2E : FC
Card-no
MAC ADDRESS
81. It’s either an internal (or) external local area
network adapter with a built-in wireless radio
and antenna.
Most common WI-FI cards used in desktop
computers are PCI express WI-FI cards made
to fit the PCI express cards slots on the
mother board .
The primary benefit of using a WI-FI card in
desktop computer is that it allows you to set-
up your workstation (or) home office without
considering the proximity (or) availability of
hard line network access
WI-FI CARD
83. A switch is a device that is used to segment
networks into different subnetworks called
subnet or LAN Segment.
Segmenting the network into smaller subnet,
prevents traffic overload in a network.
A switch is responsible for filtering (or)
transforming data in a specific way and
forwarding packets between LAN segment.
SWITCH
Contd…
84. A switch can support any packet of protocol.
LAN’s that are segmented through switches
are called as switched LANs.
SWITCH
86. A bridge is a device that let’s you link
networks together.
Bridges are smart enough to know which
computers are on which side of the bridge, so
they only allow those messages that need to
get other side to cross the bridge.
Bridges can handle networks that follow same
protocol.
Contd..
BRIDGE
89. A device that works like a bridge but can
handle different protocol is know as Router.
A Router is a network device that forwards
data from one network to another network.
A router works like a bridge but can handle
different protocols.
ROUTER
90. If the destination is unknow to a router it
sends the traffic to another router (using
logical address) which knows the destination,
Based on a network road map called as
(Routing Table).
Routers can help to ensure that packets are
travelling the most efficient paths to their
destination.
ROUTER
92. A gateway is a network device that connects
dissimilar networks.
It establishes an intelligent connection
between a local network and external
network with completely different structures
Gateway is actually a node on a network that
server as an entrance to another network.
In enterprises the gateway is the computer
that routes the traffic from workstation to a
out side network that serving the web pages.
GATEWAY
94. An ACCESS POINT-(AP) , also
called as (Wireless access point) WAP
WAP is a hardware device that establishes
connections of computer devices on wireless
LAN with a fixed wire network.
AP is a station that transmits and receives
data
AP has a range of (up to 150 feet for home
based APs).
Wireless routers can function as(AP) , but not
all (AP)can work as routers.
ACCESS POINT(AP)
96. A cloud is a generic term used for
“INTERNET”.
Cloud computing is internet-based computing
whereby shared resources, software , and
information are provided to computer and
other devices are in demand, like electricity
grid.
Cloud computing is a new name for an old
concept :the delivery of computing services
from a remote location .
THE CLOUDS
100. These are the clouds for exclusive use by
single organization and typically controlled,
managed and hosted in private data centers.
The hosting and operation of private clouds
may also be outsourced to third party
services provider, but a private clouds
remains for the exclusive use of one
organization.
Contd…
1.PRIVATE CLOUDS
101. Best Private Cloud Providers
HPE. By most estimates, Hewlett Packard
Enterprise (HPE) is a key leader in the private
cloud market.
Vmware Dell Oracle
IBM Microsoft. Cisco.
NetApp.
1.PRIVATE CLOUDS
103. These are the clouds for use by
multiple organization on shared basis and
hosted and by the third party services
provider.
Examples of public clouds include Amazon
Elastic ComputeCloud (EC2), IBM's
Blue Cloud, Sun Cloud,Google AppEngine
and Windows Azure Services Platform
2.PUBLIC CLOUDS
105. These are the clouds for use by a group of related
organization who wish to make use of a common
cloud computing environment .
FOR EXP:
All suppliers to a larger manufacture.
All universities in a given region.
3.COMMUNITY CLOUDS
107. When a single organization adopts both
private and public clouds for a single
application in order to take advantage of the
benefits of both.
4.HYBRID CLOUDS
109. (IoT) is a phenomenon that connects the
things to the internet over wired or wireless
connections.
(IoT) allows the people and things to be
connected ANYTIME, ANYPLACE WITH
ANYTHING AND ANYONE .
Contd…
INTERNET OF THING (IoT)
110. Io
T
WERABLES:
SMART
WATCHES
HEALTH CARE:
PRESSURE
MONITOR
TRANAPORTATIO
N:
(IoT) MAKES
EASY PARKING
SMART
MANFACTURING:
INDUSTRIAL
CARS:
ENGIN
MANAGEMENT
HOME
APPLIANCES:
COFFE MAKER
A/C
AGRICULTURE:
SMART
FARMING
SMART CITIES:
WATER
DISTRIBUTION
SMART HOME:
SMART DOOR
LOCK
ENERGY
MANAGEMENT:
WIRELESS GIRD
COMMUNICATION
