Consequence Interventions
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This document discusses consequence-based behavior interventions. It describes how consequences like reinforcers and aversive stimuli are used to control behavior. Consequence-based interventions work by changing the contingency controlling inappropriate behavior to decrease or eliminate it. Interventions are chosen based on a functional behavior assessment and may include positive behavior interventions like differential reinforcement or extinction combined with non-contingent reinforcement. Differential reinforcement techniques provide reinforcement for alternative behaviors instead of the inappropriate one.
Consequence Interventions
- 1. CONSEQUENCE-BASED BEHAVIOR INTERVENTIONS PSY 3570: Practicum with Special Populations
- 2. Consequences Consequences are stimuli that are presented or removed contingent on the occurrence of behavior Reinforcers Aversive Stimuli The delivery of these consequences determine the type of contingency controlling the behavior 2
- 3. Consequence-Based Interventions Consequence-based interventions decrease the likelihood that an inappropriate behavior will occur again Consequence-based interventions decrease or eliminate inappropriate behavior by altering the controlling contingency 3
- 4. Selecting an Intervention Consequence-based behavior interventions are determined based on the results of a functional behavioral assessment Results tell us the function of the behavior, which allows us to then determine the appropriate intervention 4
- 5. Intervention Types 5 We try not to use aversive consequences (penalty, punishment) because of classroom policy, so we are just going to highlight the ones that we do use Please note: This is not an all-inclusive list of interventions!!
- 6. Positive Behavior Interventions 6 Positive behavior interventions use reinforcement strategies to increase positive behavior Some positive behavior interventions include Differential Reinforcement NCR + Extinction
- 7. Differential Reinforcement 7 Differential reinforcement involves providing a reinforcer for one response while withholding that reinforcer for another response The reinforcer provided is the one that is maintaining the response Types of differential reinforcement include Differential Reinforcement of Other behavior (DRO) Differential Reinforcement of Alternative behavior (DRA) Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible behavior (DRI)
- 8. Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior8 DRO involves providing a reinforcer for ANY behavior OTHER than the inappropriate behavior May be after a certain interval of time Problem? May reinforce other behaviors inadvertently Does not provide any alternative to the inappropriate behavior
- 9. Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior9 DRA involves providing a reinforcer for a desirable, alternative behavior, and withholding reinforcement for the inappropriate behavior Focuses on teaching behaviors that are more adaptive than, but serve the same function as, the problem behavior Examples of a DRA Using a PECS exchange, rather than tantrumming to gain access to a reinforcer
- 10. Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior10 DRI involves reinforcing behavior that makes it physically impossible to engage in the inappropriate behavior For example, if a child puts their hands in their pockets, they cannot slap their peers
- 11. NCR + Extinction 11 Non-contingent reinforcement involves presenting a reinforcer on a fixed- or variable- time interval, independent of behavior This is an antecedent intervention Along with NCR, we also use extinction for the inappropriate behavior Extinction involves removing the reinforcement or escape contingency for a previously reinforced response Also referred to as planned ignoring
- 12. Interventions 12 We often use antecedent and consequence- based interventions together to decrease the probability that inappropriate behaviors will occur
- 13. What does this mean for your child?13 Some of your children may have one of the positive behavior interventions currently in place If you feel one would be appropriate for your child, talk to their support coordinator