Constrution site
- 1. Occupational Safety and Health Branch Labour Department Safety Handbook for Construction Site Workers
- 2. This handbook is issued free of charge and can be obtained from offices of the Occupational Safety and Health Branch, Labour Department. It can also be download from http://www.labour.gov.hk/eng/public/b69.htm. For enquiries about the addresses and telephone numbers of the offices, please call 2559 2297. This handbook may be freely reproduced except for advertising, endorsement or commercial purposes. Please acknowledge the source as‘Safety Handbook for Construction Site Workers’, published by the Labour Department.
- 3. Safety Handbook for Construction Site Workers
- 4. 1 Most accidents can be prevented by taking simple measures or adopting proper working procedures. This handbook is intended to outline important issues on safety and health that should be paid attention to on construction sites for easy reference by the workers. If we work carefully and take appropriate safety measures, there will definitely be fewer work injury cases, and our sites will become a safe and secure place to work in. The Occupational Safety and Health Ordinance, which came into operation on 23 May 1997, covers most workplaces in order to protect the safety and health of employees at work. Other legislation applicable to construction sites includes the Factories and Industrial Undertakings Ordinance and its subsidiary legislation, particularly the Construction Sites (Safety) Regulations. Employees' Responsibilities Employees should cooperate with their employers and other persons in complying with the safety legislation and guidelines, and should not do anything to endanger themselves and other persons. Introduction
- 5. 2 Tidy up construction sites ■ Keep passages clear all the time. ■ Sort out materials and pile them up safely. The stacks should not be too high. ■ Beware of floor openings and ensure that they are fenced or covered. ■ Remove refuse as soon as possible. ■ Provide sufficient lighting. ■ Familiarizewiththelocationandtheoperationoffire-fightingequipment. Safety measures ■ Before you operate a machine, ensure that the dangerous part of the machine has been installed with a guard. ■ Avoid going to any area with insufficient lighting as there may be some dangerous places which have not been provided with fencing. ■ Keep vigilant all the time and watch out for moving cranes, hooks or other lifting equipment. ■ Before you use any electrical installation or tool, check the condition of its electric cables. ■ Avoid dragging electric cables on the ground or allowing the cables to come into contact with water. ■ Use electrical tools installed with an earth leakage circuit breaker. ■ Use and handle chemicals with care. Personal Safety ■ Wear protective equipment. ■ Do not drink or take drugs while working. ■ Pay attention to personal hygiene. ■ Do not play in the workplace. ■ Reporttoyoursupervisorimmediatelyifyounoticeanyunsafecondition. Basic Rules for Safety
- 6. 3 You should have a good understanding of your working environment and the instructions given by your supervisor. When evacuation is required in an emergency, you should keep calm and find out: ■ What dangerous situation the alarm refers to. ■ The routes for evacuation. ■ Thesafeplacethatyoushouldgotoasdesignatedbythecompany. When someone is found seriously injured, you should: ■ Keep calm. ■ Seek help immediately. ■ Accompany the injured person. ■ Assist in the immediate rescue work as far as possible. ■ Call the site safety staff. ■ Do not try to move the injured person unless it is really necessary to do so. ■ Do not tamper with the accident scene while waiting for the arrival of the investigation team. When a fire breaks out, you should remember: ■ Put out the fire with a fire extinguisher if it is a small fire. ■ If the blaze is out of control, do not try to extinguish the fire on your own. Call the Fire Services Department right away. Emergency telephone numbers: ■ Always pay attention to the emergency telephone numbers posted on the notice board in the site office. Emergency Response to Accidents
- 7. 4 Scaffold ■ Do not use scaffolds unless they havebeen erected by trained workmen and underthe supervision of a competent person.■ Do not use a scaffold unless it hasbeen inspected and certified safe bya competent person before use.■ Strictly follow the instructions of a competent person. Do not alter the scaffold unless authorized to do so.Do not work on an unfinished scaffold.■ When it is necessary to work on a mobilescaffold, lock the wheels of the scaffoldbefore you start working.■ Do not work on a scaffold unless it has beenprovided with a suitable working platform. Falsework If you are engaged in falsework operation, you should: ■ Check whether the falsework is erected in accordance with the design. ■ Make sure that the falsework is securely erected. ■ Check whether the struts of the falsework are secure. ■ Ensure that the props are erected vertically and arranged at a suitable distance in a row. ■ Report to your supervisor when any unsafe situation is found. Falsework, scaffold and fencing ‘Tips’for Workplace Safety
- 8. 5 Ladder ■ Use a ladder which is of good construction, sound material and adequate strength. ■ Examine the ladder before using it and inspect it at regular intervals. ■ Place the ladder on a level and firm footing. ■ Place the ladder at an appropriate angle. ■ Ensure that the ladder has a sufficient length. The upper end of the ladder should be at least 1 metre above the landing against which the ladder leans. ■ Do not use a ladder unless its upper or lower end has been securely fixed or secured by another worker. ■ If there are electrical installations nearby, do not use metal ladders. ■ If work is carried out 2 metres or more above the floor, use a suitable working platform. Fencing ■ Do not work in a dangerous place unless its floor edges andopenings have been installed with secure fencing.■ If you notice any dangerous places that have not been installed with fencing or the fencing has been damaged, reinstall or repair the fencing. If this is beyond yourcapability, inform yoursupervisor at once. ４ １ fastened securely 1M
- 9. 6 Lifting Appliance and Gear ■ Do not operate a lifting appliance unless trained. In the case of a crane, a certificate is required. ■ Before using lifting gear such as hook, shackle or chain sling, check whether there is any wear and tear. ■ Check the weight of the load to be lifted. ■ Do not exceed the safe working load of a lifting appliance or lifting gear. ■ Adopt the correct lifting method. ■ Do not use a lifting appliance or lifting gear unless it has been examined and certified safe by a competent examiner. ■ Do not use a lifting appliance unless it has been regularly repaired and maintained by a competent person. No unauthorized repair is allowed. ■ Follow the safe working instructions of the manufacturer of a lifting appliance. ■ Do not work beneath any suspended load. Material Hoist ■ Do not ride on a material hoist. ■ Do not operate a material hoist without prior proper training. ■ Do not exceed the safe working load of a material hoist.■ Do not use a material hoist unless it has been examined and certified safe by a competent examiner.■ Do not use a material hoist unless its gates have beeninstalled with an effective interlocking safety system. The hoist is only operable after all the gates have beenclosed. ■ Do not use a material hoist unless it has been repaired and maintained by a competent person. No unauthorized repair is allowed. ■ Do not put loose materials into receptacles unless properlysecured. ■ Ensure good communication with the operator of a materialhoist. All signals should be understood and followed. Equipment and Electricity No carriage of Persons
- 10. 7 Portable Power Tool■ Do not use a portable power tool (such as saw, grinder and drill) unless its dangerous parts have been effectively guarded. ■ Place the electric cable and hose of a tool at an appropriate position to avoid trippinghazards.Cartridge-operated Fixing Tool ■ Do not operate a cartridge- operated fixing tool unless you have possessed a valid certificate. ■ Wear suitable eye and ear protectors while operating a cartridge-operated fixing tool. ■ Use a cartridge-operated fixing tool with great care. Loadshifting Machinery■ Unless you are a worker concerned,do not work in an area where a loader,an excavator, etc. is in operation.■ Do not operate any loadshiftingmachinery without training andapproval. ■ Operators of forklift trucks,bulldozers, loaders, excavators,trucks or lorries should possessappropriate certificates.
- 11. 8 Electric Tool ■ Before using an electric tool, check the tool and its plug and connecting cable. ■ Do not use a damaged tool.■ Do not use an electric tool unlessits connecting cable is wellprotected.■ Do not use an electric tool unlessits metal casing is earthed and itspower supply is provided withan earth leakage circuit breaker. ■ Do not repair or alter any electrical installation unless competent to do so. ■ If you meet any fault or problem, report it to your supervisor immediately. Compressed Air ■ Use compressed air only for specified purposes. ■ Do not use any compressed air equipment, pipes and relevant devices unless they are of good construction and have been examined and certified safe by a competent examiner before use. ■ Fix the connectors properly. ■ Do not twist the pipes. ■ Do not abuse the use of compressed air for cleaning purpose. Use a brush or a vacuum cleaner to remove dust from clothing and skin.
- 12. Flashback arrestors 9 Gas Welding and Flame Cutting ■ Do not use the equipment for gas welding or flame cutting unless you have attained the age of 18 years and hold a valid certificate. ■ Do not use any gas cylinder unless it has been fitted with flashback arrestors. ■ Wear personal protective equipment. ■ Keep the workplace clean. ■ Place fire extinguishers within reach. ■ Keep gas cylinders in an upright position and secure it properly to avoid overturning. ■ If gas leakage is detected, report it to your supervisor immediately. Excavations ■ Keep the fence on all sides ofan excavation intact.■ Use safe access for ingressand egress. ■ Do not pile soil or any othermaterials at the edge of anexcavation. ■ Make sure that a trench issecurely shored beforeworking in it. Workplace Safety and Fire Prevention
- 13. 10 Fire Risk There is always a fire risk. However, the chances of fire can be reduced, and you will know what to do when a fire breaks out if you: ■ Always keep the workplace clean and tidy. ■ Handle machinery and tools that may generate sparks or heat carefully. ■ Do not smoke or use naked flames in any area where flammable and explosive substances are stored. ■ Know where fire extinguishers are located and how they are used. ■ Know the place of assembly for fire evacuation. Public Safety ■ Pay attention to public safety.Members of the public are oftenunaware of or do not understandthe work carried out on construction sites and the risksinvolved. ■ Take great care to prevent the fallof materials from height.■ Do not stack materials on flooredges or on scaffolds.
- 14. 11 Waste Disposal ■ Dispose all wastes, and unwanted materials must be disposed of at a designated place. ■ Notify your supervisor of the requirement for the separate disposal of chemical or inflammable wastes. ■ Do not leave planks with nails on passageways. Safety Supervisors ■ Their responsibility is to assistothers to work smoothlyand safely. ■ They have received specificsafety training and are important members of theconstruction team.■ They have legal responsibilityor liability for the overall safetyof the construction site.■ You should get to know yoursafety supervisor.
- 15. 12 Eye Protection ■ A wise worker will certainly take good care of his eyesight. ■ A small fragment may cause serious consequences if it enters one's eyes. ■ When there is a risk of eye injury, such as in concrete breaking or using abrasive wheels, you should wear suitable eye protectors. ■ Take proper care of the eye protectors provided to you. ■ Replace damaged or defective eye protectors immediately. ■ Ensure that eye protectors are comfortable to wear, and keep clean. ■ Use eye protectors for eye protection ─ do not put it on your head or hang it on your neck. ■ Bear in mind that eye protectors are replaceable, but not your eyes. Noise ■ Wear ear protectors in areaswith high noise levels.■ Properly wear ear protectorsaccording to the manufacturer'sinstructions. ■ Do not reuse disposable earplugs. ■ Clean ear protectors regularly. Personal Safety and Hygiene
- 16. 急救 First Aid 13 Personal Protective Equipment■ For your own safety and interest, use the personalprotective equipment provided by your employer.■ Wear gloves when handling or contactingchemicals. ■ Remember to wear a mask when workingin a dusty environment. ■ Wear eye and ear protectors whenevernecessary. ■ Wear a safety harness and secure it toa safe anchorage point when working atheight. A bamboo scaffold is not a safeanchorage point, so do not fasten thesafety harness to it. ■ Wear safety shoes to prevent foot injury.■ Consult your supervisor if in doubt. Safety Helmet ■ Wear a safety helmet on a construction site. ■ Keep the harness of the helmet clean and make sure that it fits well. ■ Do not drill any holes on the helmet or use it for pounding. First Aid ■ If you sustain an injury orfeel not well while at work,even if it is minor, go to the first aid room right awayfor medical treatment andnotify your supervisor.■ Put the case on record.
- 17. 14 Manual Handling Operations ■ Avoid manual handling operations as far as possible to minimize the risk of injury. ■ Estimate the weight of the load. ■ Lift an object with a correct posture. ■ Wear suitable protective equipment. Put on gloves as far as possible to protect your hands from any cut, scratch or puncture, and wear safety boots or shoes to prevent injury to toes by heavy falling objects. ■ Seek assistance from someone in lifting a load if necessary. Personal Hygiene ■ Keep yourself clean.■ Wash hands before mealsand after using the toilet.■ Dress tidily and in protectiveclothing. Alcohol and Drugs ■ Do not drink alcohol, or take drugs, while at work. ■ If you need to take drugs due to illness, report it to your supervisor.
- 18. This Edition 3/2004 15 Occupational Safety and Health Enquiry Service ： 2559 2297 （auto-recording after office hours） ： 2915 1410 ： enquiry@labour.gov.hk ： http://www.labour.gov.hk Information on the services offered by the Occupational Safety and Health Council can be obtained through hotline 2739 9000.
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