Control systems engineering

Basic Discussion
On
Control Systems Engineering
Presented By:
Anisur Rahman
ID: 1402EEE00033
Department of EEE
Manarat International University(MIU)
Ashulia, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
1

SL. No. Content
1 The Basics of Control Theory
2 Example in Real & Control Field (Manual Vs Automatic Control)
3 Classification of control systems
4 Open control System
5 Process & Applications of Open Loop
6 Closed loop control System
7 Process & Applications of Closed Loop
8 Multi Variable Control System
9 Multi-loop feedback system
10 Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO) System
11 Purpose of Control Systems
12 Steps for designing a control system
13 Control System Application examples
2

 Control is the process of causing a system variable to
conform to some desired value.
 A control system is an interconnection of components
forming a system configuration that will provide a desired
system response.
 Control systems engineering is the engineering discipline
that applies control theory to design systems with desired
behaviors.
3

 Control is a process of causing a system variable such as
temperature or position to conform to some desired value or
trajectory, called reference value or trajectory.
 For example, driving a car implies controlling the vehicle to
follow the desired path to arrive safely at a planned
destination.
 If you are driving the car yourself,
you are performing manual control
of the car.
 If you use design a control system
or use a computer to do it ( Like Google
Car)then you have built an automatic
control system.
4

i. Pancreas
Regulates blood glucose level
ii. Adrenaline
Automatically generated to increase
the heart rate and oxygen in times of
flight
iii. Eye
Follow moving object
iv. Hand
Pick up an object and place it at a
predetermined location
v. Temperature
Regulated temperature of 36°C to
37°C The Vetruvian Man
5

 Component or process to be controlled can be represented by
a block diagram.
 The input-output relationship represents the cause and effect
of the process.
 Control systems can be classified into two categories:
i. Open-loop control system
ii. Closed-loop feedback control system
Process OutputInput
6

 An open-loop control system utilizes an actuating device to
control the process directly without using feedback.
 A closed-loop feedback control system uses a measurement of
the output and feedback of the output signal to compare it with
the desired output or reference.
Actuating
Device
Process Output
Desired Output
Response
Desired
Output
Respons
e
Measurement
OutputController ProcessCompariso
n
Single Input Single Output (SISO) System
7

 In an open loop control system, the input to the plant
does not in any way depend on the current and past
values of the output of the plant.
 Relatively simple and consequently low cost with
generally good reliability.
An open-loop control system is one in which
the control action is independent of the output.
8

 Motor
 Low pass filter
 Inertia supported between two bearings
 Heater /boiler
 Cooking Oven
 Water valve system in a pool or sink
9

 A closed-loop control system is one in which the control
action is somehow dependent on the output (Feedback).
 Closed loop control system make the control system robust
to uncertainty and disturbances.
 Feedback is that property of a closed-loop system which
permits the output to be compared with the input to the
system so that the appropriate control action may be formed
as some function of the output and input.
Basic Elements of a Closed Loop system:
 Comparison element
 Control element
 Correction Element
 Process element
 Measurement element
10

Disk drive System
Guided missiles
Automatic gain control in
radio receivers
 satellite tracking antenna,
Etc.
12

Desired
Output
Respons
e
Measurement
Output
Variable
s
Controller Process
Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO) System
15

i. Power Amplification (Gain)
• Positioning of a large radar antenna by low-power rotation
of a knob
ii. Remote Control
• Robotic arm used to pick up radioactive materials
iii. Convenience of Input Form
• Changing room temperature by thermostat position
iv. Compensation for Disturbances
• Controlling antenna position in the presence of large wind
disturbance torque
16

Sensor
Actuator ProcessController ++
Set-point
or
Reference
input
Actual
Output
Error
Controlle
d Signal
Disturbance
Manipulate
d Variable
Feedback Signal
+
-
+
+
17

Closed-Loop Feedback Control System
20

The block diagram of the speed control system of a
motorcycle with a human driver.
24

Control systems engineering

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