Creative Commons: Putting the "Open" in Open Movements
- 1. Creative Commons Putting the “Open” in Open Movements aka Sharing is Caring Eleta Exline, UNH & Christin Wixson, PSU Special Thanks to Irene McGarrity, KSC
- 4. What are the motivations for being open? • I benefit from others’ materials, I want to give back, I want to get feedback on my materials. • Where would my teaching be without others’ thoughts? • Share materials to help others getting started, making it less overwhelming for others. • Unleashing the 90% of content that is not being submitted for publication. • Getting information out in a timely manner. • Practice what you preach about the writing cycle. • Publishing doesn’t have to be the end but part of an iterative process, for ourselves as teachers and to set an example for our students. • Publish does not have to mean perfect.
- 5. What are the barriers to being open? • Disciplinary and institutional conventions. Existing traditions. • Fear of putting my name on something that is not entirely mine. • Will my work be appropriated by others, will they get my credit? Plagiarism, credit. • Credit in the eyes of the P&T committee, do they understand what open is. • Amount of time to restructure existing classes. • Not sure if enough resources exist in my field. • Concerns about students sharing ideas publicly during the learning process, will it impact them later? • Labor intensive process to restructure – boxed in by existing materials. • Developing coherence when pulling material from a variety of sources.
- 6. The economics of open: journals and textbooks
- 7. Going up! Journal Costs Textbook Costs
- 8. 2.18% ~6% ~10% Average since 2000 US BLS Average since 2006 ARL Average since 1998 US BLS
- 9. Journal Articles Educational institutions and grant funders pay scholars to write, review, and edit. Publishers keep the profits & the copyrights. Content: Jill Cirasella. Graphics: Les Larue. License: Creative Commons: Attribution, Non-Commercial
- 11. Textbooks: $1328 For every $1 • $0.32 production and distribution • $0.01 shipping • $0.15 marketing • $0.18 publisher profit • $0.22 bookstore (inc. kickbacks) • $0.12 authors/researchers Matthew Segal, ATTN:, Aug. 20, 2015 College Board http://trends.collegeboard.org/college-pricing/figures- tables/average-estimated-undergraduate-budgets-2015-16 http://www.inflation.eu/inflation-rates/cpi-inflation-2014.aspx Average student budget for books and supplies for the 2014 – 2015 academic year This is a 10.2% increase over 2013 – 2014 budget of $1,207, when inflation was 1.62%
- 12. few competitors + captive market = unchecked pricing
- 13. Worst case: exploitation of authors and students Best case: inefficient production and distribution
- 15. Copyright
- 17. Copyright terms restrict the rights of the user. Reproduction Distribution Derivative works Performance Display
- 18. Fair Use The four factors judges consider are: 1. the purpose and character of your use 2. the nature of the copyrighted work 3. the amount and substantiality of the portion taken, and 4. the effect of the use upon the potential market.
- 19. 8. Copyrightable Works 8.1 Copyrightable Works developed in the course of completing an individual's University duties are assigned per Section 6 and/or Section 7 of this policy. However, where not contrary to the terms of legal agreements, the University waives its ownership in the interest to the author for Exempted Scholarly Works, subject to the retained license prescribed by Section 8.2 of this policy. Examples of Copyrightable Work considered Exempted Scholarly Works include the following: 8.1.1 Traditional publications in academia regardless of their medium of expression, such as textbooks, course material, case studies, peer-reviewed manuscripts, syllabi, tests, study-guides, glossaries; 8.1.2 Academic software (not for commercial use); 8.1.3 Electronic publications such as websites, course descriptions/notes published electronically; 8.1.4 Photographs, films, charts, transparencies, video and audio recordings; 8.1.5 Graphic and sculptural works, works of art, architectural plans and structures; 8.1.6 Dress and fabric designs; 8.1.7 Theses and dissertations; 8.1.8 Music; 8.1.9 Furniture design. USNH Online Policy Manual D. Intellectual Property Policy https://www.usnh.edu/policy/unh/viii-research-policies/d- intellectual-property-policy
- 21. A simple, standardized way to grant copyright permissions to your creative work.
- 22. Open = Free + Permissions
- 24. Licensed by Creative Commons under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.
- 25. Attribution (by) All CC licenses require that others who use your work in any way must give you credit the way you request, but not in a way that suggests you endorse them or their use.
- 26. Licensed by Creative Commons under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license ShareAlike (sa) You let others copy, distribute, display, perform, and modify your work, as long as they distribute any modified work on the same terms. If they want to distribute modified works under other terms, they must get your permission first.
- 27. Licensed by Creative Commons under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license NonCommercial (nc) You let others copy, distribute, display, perform, and (unless you have chosen NoDerivatives) modify and use your work for any purpose other than commercially unless they get your permission first.
- 28. Licensed by Creative Commons under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. NonCommercial (nc) You let others copy, distribute, display, perform, and (unless you have chosen NoDerivatives) modify and use your work for any purpose other than commercially unless they get your permission first.
- 29. Licensed by Creative Commons under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. NoDerivatives (nd) You let others copy, distribute, display and perform only original copies of your work. If they want to modify your work, they must get your permission first.
- 30. Licensed by Creative Commons under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.
- 32. Creative Commons State of the Commons, 2017
- 33. Network: Infrastructure Content Practices We can build it as a collective.
- 34. What does being open enable? • Collaboration • Authenic engagement from students • Assessments that are authentic, that are answering unanswered questions. • Increasing the reach of your research, knolwedge advancement. • Encourage students to take ownership of education • Job preparation, readiness. Students shape the world they will be entering. • See also: open science, open gov • Reuse of data
- 35. What can you do to be open? • Encourage ourselves and students to publish their work, make the work more authentic – less disposable. • See completely open online master program for UNH!
- 36. Demo
- 37. Now you try
Editor's Notes
- #3: Intersecting and overlapping open concepts, starting in different domains, but with some goals in common.
- #4: Take a minute and think about how you would feel about putting a research paper, project, or artistic endeavor out into the world for people to use, remix, and share freely? What concerns you about this scenario, and what do you think the benefits might be? (1-2 minutes to write/think) then pair up and share your reactions with someone. Share out for 3 minutes.
- #8: Address some of the economics of OA and OER and they ways in which they challenge dominant systems. How is this different from OS, Open Gov, etc.
- #9: Inflation...Journal Inflation...Textbook Inflation
- #11: People get creative
- #12: How much does distribution cost? Questions about academic labor, peer evaluation. Who gets paid? How much are you making from your efforts to create content? Do you get credit for sharing? If not, why not? Who decides what’s important? If you get nothing else out of this, I want you to question your assumptions!
- #13: 5 Publishers hold 90% of the textbook market. Instructors pick the books. Students are a captive audience.
- #15: The current system is abusive and unsustainable. We can do better.
- #17: Copyright = feelings of fear, uncertainty and avoidance. Go with me on a brief side trip to alleviate some of these feelings.
- #18: This is all copyright is, bundle of rights that you get immediately upon fixing your work in a tangible form. (explain derivative works) Is there a lot of nuance within copyright law? Absolutely. But for you to successfully navigate the publication of your work, there are only a few things you need to know. Copyright = limited monopoly to incentivize creation. It limits what the user can do. As we’ve heard CC is a great way to make your wishes known if you don’t want to keep this entire bundle of rights exclusively to yourself. But copyright limits the rights of the user. Length of copyright
- #24: Play video...
- #32: How do CC licenses contribute to creating and open environment? What the vision here. (owning our content, owning our networks, recapturing academic labor for good of research and teaching) Point back to initial exercise
- #33: Every format imaginable is available
- #34: Academic publishing should be owned by the academy
- #37: Walk through creation of CC license, explaining various options. Use the graphic that depicts the spectrum of openness (about 10 min)
- #38: Exercise: Create your own CC licence for a document you’ve previously created.