Critical-Discourse-Analysis-Discourse-and-Vocabulary.pptx
- 1. Critical Discourse Analysis: Discourse and Vocabulary This presentation explores how vocabulary functions within discourse, drawing on key insights from McCarthy, Halliday, and Hasan. We will examine how words connect ideas, signal meaning, and shape communication in both spoken and written contexts. By understanding vocabulary through a discourse lens, language learners can achieve greater fluency and coherence.
- 2. Vocabulary in Discourse: Beyond Word Lists More Than Meanings Vocabulary is not just a list of words to memorize. In discourse analysis, words work together to help people share ideas clearly in speaking and writing. • Connects sentences • Expresses attitudes • Organizes messages Context Matters Word choices depend on who we’re talking to, the topic, and our goals. Knowing a word’s meaning is not enough; we must use it correctly in different situations and contexts.
- 3. Lexical Cohesion: Linking Words for Flow Repetition Repeating key words keeps the topic clear and focused. Synonyms & Paraphrasing Using different words with similar meanings avoids monotony while maintaining connections. Superordinate Relationships General and specific terms (like “fruit” and “apples”) show how ideas relate. Collocation Common word pairings (like “make a decision”) create natural-sounding text.
- 4. Spoken Discourse: Vocabulary in Conversation Deictic Expressions Words like “this,” “that,” and “here” rely on shared context. General Words Terms like “thing” or “stuff” are common in informal speech. Interactive Markers Fillers such as “you know” and “like” manage conversation and create a friendly tone.
- 5. Textual Aspects of Lexical Competence Recognize Co- textual Signals Understand how surrounding words influence meaning. Polysemy & Ambiguity Use context to determine the correct meaning of words with multiple senses. Genre, Stance, Function Choose vocabulary that fits the communicative purpose and audience.
- 6. Using Vocabulary Well in Real Communication Notice Clues Words change meaning depending on nearby words (co-text). 1 Understand Polysemy Some words have multiple meanings; context is key. 2 Choose for Situation Select vocabulary that matches the audience, topic, and purpose. 3
- 7. Organizing Text: Connectors and Markers 1 Logical Connectors Words like “therefore” and “however” show relationships between ideas. 2 Topic Shifters “Anyway” and “so” move the conversation or text to new topics. 3 Frame Markers “First of all” and “finally” signal structure and sequence.
- 8. Key Takeaways: Vocabulary in Discourse Context Shapes Meaning Word meanings depend on context and surrounding words. Vocabulary Connects Ideas Connectors and markers guide readers and listeners through texts. Effective Communication Understanding vocabulary in discourse improves fluency, coherence, and confidence. By focusing on how vocabulary functions in real communication, learners become better equipped for academic, professional, and everyday interactions.