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Chapter 7: Local Area Networks: Part I
TRUE/FALSE
1. Perhaps the strongest advantage of a local area network is its capability of allowing users to share
hardware and software resources.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 177
2. The local area network first appeared in the 1950s.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 180
3. By keeping all of the application on the server, the network can control access to the software and can
reduce the amount of disk storage required on each user’s workstation for this application.
4. A local area network cannot interface with other local area networks.
5. Most modern local area networks provide the capabilities of transferring video images and video
streams.
6. One of the biggest advantages of local area networks is their ability to share resources in an
economical and efficient manner.
7. A local area network is only as strong as its strongest link.
8. The bus/tree topology was the first physical design used when local area networks became
commercially available in the late 1970s.
9. Baseband signaling typically uses multiple digital signals to transmit data over the bus.
10. All bus networks share a major disadvantage: In general, it is difficult to add a new workstation if no
tap currently exists.
11. Hubs (and switches) support only twisted pair cable for interhub connection.

12. With the CSMA/CD protocol, only one workstation at a time can transmit.
13. If the network is experiencing a high amount of traffic, the chances for collision are small.
14. The most popular example of a contention-based protocol is the token-passing protocol.
15. The hub, in most applications, has been replaced with the switch.
16. A hub is a simple device that requires virtually no overhead to operate.
17. Most switches are transparent, which means they learn by themselves.
18. Switches can significantly decrease interconnection traffic and increase the throughput of the
interconnected networks or segments.
19. A hub is designed to perform much faster than a switch.
20. A cut-through switch does not store a data frame and then forward it.
21. In a shared segment network, each workstation then has a private or dedicated connection.
22. Switches can be used in combination with routers to further isolate traffic segments in a local area
network.
23. The logical link control sublayer defines the layout or format of the data frame, simply called the
frame.

24. Three of the most popular local area network systems are Ethernet, IBM Token Ring, and Wireless
Ethernet.
25. The term “Base”, such as in 100BaseT, is an abbreviation for baseband signals using a Manchester
encoding.
26. Using coaxial cable to transmit analog signals, 10Broad36 can transmit data at 10 Mbps for a
maximum segment distance of 3600 meters.
27. The Fast Ethernet standards are based on 1000-Mbps transmission speeds, or 1 gigabit (1 billion bits)
per second.
28. 1000BaseSX was the first Gigabit Ethernet standard.
29. 1000BaseT is capable of using only the Category 7 cable specification.
30. The 802.11 specification defined six different types of physical layer connections.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 197-198
31. Link aggregation allows you to combine two or more data paths, or links, into one higher-speed link.
32. The spanning tree algorithm allows you to run cable spans between two or more networks.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 192-193
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Early local area networks transmitted data at only ____ million bits per second.
a. 1 c. 100
b. 10 d. 1000
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 176-180
2. A local area network performs file serving when it’s connected to a workstation with a large storage
disk drive that acts as a central storage repository, or ____ server.
a. file c. database
b. printer d. application
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 177-178

3. The local area network software called a ____ server provides workstations with the authorization to
access a particular printer, accepts and queues prints jobs, prints cover sheets, and allows users access
to the job queue for routine administrative functions.
a. application c. file
b. database d. print
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 177-178
4. The ____ topology consists of a simple cable, or bus, to which all devices attach.
a. bus/tree c. ring star
b. token ring d. star
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 180-181
5. In a bus/tree topology, connecting to the cable requires a simple device called a(n) ____.
a. hub c. tap
b. router d. echo suppressor
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 180-181
6. Two different signaling technologies can be used with a bus network: baseband signaling and ____
signaling.
a. multiband c. uniband
b. broadband d. singleband
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 181
7. More complex bus topologies consisting of multiple interconnected cable segments are termed ____.
a. tokens c. rings
b. stars d. trees
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 182
8. The most popular configuration for a local area network is the ____ topology.
a. ring c. bus
b. star-wired bus d. tree
9. The ____ design of a network determines how the data moves around the network from workstation to
workstation.
a. electrical c. physical
b. data d. logical
10. ____ cabling has become the preferred medium for star-wired bus topologies.
a. Twisted pair c. Fiber-optic
b. Coaxial d. FDDI
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 184
11. When two or more hubs are interconnected and a workstation transmits data, all the workstations
connected to all the hubs receive the data. This is an example of a(n) ____.
a. wireless topology c. shared network

b. switched network d. FDDI topology
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 183
12. A(n) ____ protocol is the software that allows a workstation to place data onto a local area network.
a. error control c. medium access control
b. noise control d. flow control
13. The most popular contention-based protocol is ____.
a. token ring
b. round-robin
c. carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA)
d. carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD)
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 184-185
14. The interval during which the signals propagate down the bus and back is the ____.
a. exponential backoff c. attenuation
b. collision window d. bounce window
15. The ____ sublayer contains a header, computer (physical) addresses, error-detection codes, and control
information.
a. logical link control (LLC) c. medium access control (MAC)
b. logical flow control (LFC) d. physical link control (PLC)
16. The ____ sublayer is primarily responsible for logical addressing and providing error control and flow
control information.
a. medium access control (MAC) c. medium physical control (MPC)
b. physical access control (PAC) d. logical link control (LLC)
17. ____ was the first commercially available local area network system and remains, without a doubt, the
most popular local area network system today.
a. Ethernet c. FDDI
b. IBM Token Ring d. Wireless Ethernet
18. The ____ standard was one of the first Ethernet standards approved.
a. 10Broad36 c. 100BaseTX
b. 10Base5 d. 100BaseT4
19. ____ was a system designed for twisted pair wiring, but with only a 1-Mbps data transfer rate for 500
meters.
a. 10BaseT c. 100BaseTX
b. 10Broad36 d. 1Base5

20. A ____ system transmits 10-Mbps baseband (digital) signals over twisted pair for a maximum of 100
meters per segment length.
a. 1Base5 c. 10BaseT
b. 10Broad36 d. 100BaseTX
21. IEEE created the 100-Mbps Ethernet 802.3u protocol also called ____ Ethernet.
a. Fast c. Terabit
b. Gigabit d. FDDI
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 195-196
22. ____ was the standard created for fiber-optic systems.
a. 1Base5 c. 100BaseTX
b. 10BaseTX d. 100BaseFX
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 195-196
23. The IEEE 802.3z standards are also known as ____ Ethernet.
a. Switch c. Gigabit
b. Fast d. Terabit
24. With ____, you can send electrical power over the Ethernet connection.
a. 1Base5 c. 10GBase-fiber
b. power over Ethernet (PoE) d. FDDI
25. The ____ is used to connect local area networks to wide area networks.
a. hub c. router
b. repeater d. bridge
26. A ____ is a device that interconnects two or more workstations in a star-wired bus local area network
and immediately retransmits the data it receives from any workstation out to all other workstations
connected.
a. hub c. router
b. switch d. repeater
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 182-183
27. A ____ is a device that interconnects two segments of local area networks and acts as a filter.
a. hub c. router
b. switch d. satellite
28. A transparent bridge creates the internal port table by using a form of ____.
a. forward learning c. backward learning
b. backward correction d. forward correction

29. The switch operates in place of a ____.
a. repeater c. router
b. bridge d. hub
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 186-187
30. In a ____ architecture, the data frame begins to exit the switch almost as soon as it begins to enter the
switch.
a. forward c. cut-through
b. backward d. random-propagation
31. If a switch has eight 100-Mbps ports, the backplane has to support a total of ____ Mbps.
a. 200 c. 600
b. 400 d. 800
32. Depending on user requirements, a switch can interconnect two different types of CSMA/CD network
segments: ____ segments and dedicated segments.
a. shared c. local
b. remote d. distributed
33. In ____ segment networks, a switch may be directly connected to a workstation, and the switch
connects to the hub.
a. shared c. distributed
b. dedicated d. remote
34. One of the more interesting applications for a dedicated segment network and a switch is creating a
____.
a. virtual LAN c. shared LAN
b. dedicated LAN d. local LAN
35. A relatively new standard, IEEE ____, was designed to allow multiple devices to intercommunicate
and work together to create a virtual LAN.
a. 802.1a c. 802.1P
b. 802.1g d. 802.1Q
36. Whether shared or dedicated segments are involved, the primary goal of a(n) ____ is to isolate a
particular pattern of traffic from other patterns of traffic or from the remainder of the network.
a. hub c. repeater
b. switch d. amplifier
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 186-188

37. ________________ allows you to combine two ore more data paths, or links, into one higher-speed
link.
a. The Spanning Tree Algorithm c. A virtual LAN
b. Link aggreation d. Quality of service
COMPLETION
1. A(n) _________________________ is a communications network that interconnects a variety of data
communications devices within a small geographic area and broadcasts data at high data transfer rates.
ANS:
local area network (LAN)
local area network
LAN
LAN (local area network)
PTS: 1 REF: 176
2. A(n) ____________________ is the physical (hardware) layout used to interconnect the workstations
within a local area network.
ANS: topology
PTS: 1 REF: 176-179
3. The tap is a(n) ____________________, as it does not alter the signal and does not require electricity
to operate.
ANS: passive device
PTS: 1 REF: 180
4. The ______________________________ is an electronic device that performs the necessary signal
conversions and protocol operations that allow the workstation to send and receive data on the
network.
ANS:
network interface card (NIC)
network interface card
NIC
NIC (network interface card)
PTS: 1 REF: 180
5. ____________________ means that when the signal is transmitted from a given workstation, the
signal propagates away from the source in both directions on the cable.
ANS: Bidirectional
PTS: 1 REF: 181

6. The ____________________ design refers to the pattern formed by the locations of the elements of
the network, as it would appear if drawn on a sheet of paper.
ANS: physical
PTS: 1 REF: 182
7. To promote acceptance, the ____________________ suite of protocols was created to support the
many different types of wireless local area networks in existence.
ANS: IEEE 802
PTS: 1 REF: 197
8. A(n) ____________________ protocol is basically a first-come, first-served protocol.
ANS: contention-based
PTS: 1 REF: 184
9. A(n) ____________________ occurs when two or more workstations listen to the medium at the same
moment, hear nothing, and then transmit their data at the same moment.
ANS: collision
PTS: 1 REF: 185
10. A(n) ____________________ protocol is one in which you cannot calculate the time at which a
workstation will transmit.
ANS: nondeterministic
PTS: 1 REF: 186
11. In IEEE 802.3 standard for CSMA/CD, frames shorter than 64 bytes are considered
____________________, or frame fragments.
ANS: runts
PTS: 1 REF: 197-198
12. ____________________ (nicknamed Cheapernet) was designed to allow for a less-expensive network
by using less-expensive components.
ANS: 10Base2
PTS: 1 REF: 195
13. One of the most common standards for broadband (analog) Ethernet was the ____________________
specification.
ANS: 10Broad36
PTS: 1 REF: 195

14. ____________________ was designed to support 100-Mbps baseband signals using two pairs of
Category 5 unshielded twisted pair.
ANS: 100BaseTX
PTS: 1 REF: 195
15. ____________________ was created to support older-category wire. Thus it can operate over
Category 3 or 4 twisted pair wire, as well as Category 5/5e/6 unshielded twisted pair.
ANS: 100BaseT4
PTS: 1 REF: 195
16. The ____________________ Ethernet standard is also known as IEEE 802.3ae.
ANS: 10 Gbps
PTS: 1 REF: 195
17. The ____________________ is a device that connects workstations to local area networks and
retransmits the incoming frame.
ANS: hub
PTS: 1 REF: 182
18. The ____________________ allows workstations to connect to LANs and interconnects multiple
segments of LANs.
ANS: switch
PTS: 1 REF: 186
19. A(n) ____________________ is a device that interconnects two local area networks and can use
processing power to direct a frame out a particular port, thus reducing the amount of traffic on the
network.
ANS: switch
PTS: 1 REF: 186
20. A(n) ____________________ examines the destination address of a frame and either forwards or does
not forward the frame, depending on some address information stored within the bridge.
ANS: filter
PTS: 1 REF: 188
21. Designed for LANs, the ____________________ observes network traffic flow and uses this
information to make future decisions regarding frame forwarding.
ANS: transparent bridge

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PTS: 1 REF: 187
22. The main hardware of the switch is called the ____________________.
ANS: backplane
PTS: 1 REF: 188
23. If the circuit cards are ____________________, it is possible to insert and remove cards while the
power to the unit is still on.
ANS: hot swappable
PTS: 1 REF: 188
24. In ____________________ segment networks, a switch may be connected to a hub (or several hubs),
which then connects multiple workstations.
ANS: shared
PTS: 1 REF: 189
25. A(n) ____________________ is a logical subgroup within a local area network that is created via
switches and software rather than by manually moving wiring from one network device to another.
ANS:
virtual LAN
VLAN
PTS: 1 REF: 191
26. The ____________________ allows for a CSMA/CD network to simultaneously transmit and receive
data to and from a workstation.
ANS: full-duplex switch
PTS: 1 REF: 190
27. The ____________________ makes it possible to logically remove cyclic paths within a collection of
multiple LANs.
ANS:
spanning tree algorithm
spanning tree protocol
PTS: 1 REF: 192-193
ESSAY
1. A local area network (LAN) is a communications network that interconnects a variety of data
communications devices within a small geographic area and broadcasts data at high data transfer rates.
Expand on this definition by explaining the various terminology used.

ANS:
Several points in this definition merit a closer look. The phrase “data communications devices” covers
computers such as personal computers, computer workstations, and mainframe computers, as well as
peripheral devices such as disk drives, printers, and modems. Data communications devices could also
include items such as motion, smoke, and heat sensors; fire alarms; ventilation systems; and motor
speed controls. These latter devices are often found in businesses and manufacturing environments
where assembly lines and robots are commonly used.
The next piece of the definition, “within a small geographic area” usually implies that a local area
network can be as small as one room, or can extend over multiple rooms, over multiple floors within a
building, and even over multiple buildings within a single campus-area. The most common geographic
areas, however, are a room or multiple rooms within a single building. Local area networks differ
from many other types of networks in that most broadcast their data to many or all of the
workstations connected to the network. Thus, if one workstation has data to send to a second
workstation, that data is transmitted to other workstations on the network. When data that was not
requested arrives at a workstation, it is simply discarded. As you will see a little later, it is now quite
common to design a local area network so that all data is not transmitted to all workstations—an
enhancement that reduces the amount of traffic on the network.
Lastly, the final phrase of the definition states that local area networks are capable of transmitting data
at “high data transfer rates”. While early local area networks transmitted data at only 10 million bits
per second, the newest local area networks can transmit data at 10 billion bits per second.
PTS: 1 REF: 176-178
2. What are some of the application areas where a LAN can be an effective tool?
ANS:
A local area network can be an effective tool in many application areas. One of the most common
application areas is an office environment. A local area network in an office can provide word
processing, spreadsheet operations, database functions, electronic mail (e-mail) access, Internet access,
electronic appointment scheduling, and graphic image creation capabilities over a wide variety of
platforms and to a large number of workstations. Completed documents can be routed to high-quality
printers to produce letterheads, graphically designed newsletters, and formal documents.
A second common application area for a local area network is an academic environment. In a
laboratory setting, for example, a local area network can provide students with access to the tools
necessary to complete homework assignments, send e-mail, and utilize the Internet. In a classroom
setting, a local area network can enable professors to deliver tutorials and lessons with high-quality
graphics and sound to students. Multiple workstations can be used to provide students with instruction
at their own pace, while the instructor monitors and records each student’s progress at every
workstation.
A third common application area for a local area network is manufacturing. In fact, modern assembly
lines operate exclusively under the control of local area networks. As products move down the
assembly line, sensors control position; robots perform mundane, exacting, or dangerous operations;
and product subassemblies are inventoried and ordered. The modern automobile assembly line is a
technological tour de force, incorporating numerous local area networks and mainframe computers.
PTS: 1 REF: 176-180
3. How does a star-wired bus topology work?

ANS:
In a star-wired bus topology, all workstations connect to a central device such as the hub. The hub is a
nonintelligent device that simply and immediately retransmits the data it receives from any
workstation out to all other workstations (or devices) connected to the hub. All workstations hear the
transmitted data, because there is only a single transmission channel, and all workstations are using
this one channel to send and receive. Sending data to all workstations and devices generates a lot of
traffic but keeps the operation very simple, because there is no routing to any particular workstation.
Thus, with regard to its logical design, the star-wired bus is acting as a bus: when a workstation
transmits, all workstations (or devices) immediately receive the data. The network’s physical design,
however, is a star, because all the devices are connected to the hub and radiate outward in a starlike (as
opposed to linear) pattern.
The hub at the center of star-wired bus topology comes in a variety of designs.They can contain
anywhere from two to hundreds of connections, or ports, as they are called. If, for example, you have a
hub with 24 ports, and more are desired, it is fairly simple to either interconnect two or more hubs, or
purchase a larger hub.
PTS: 1 REF: 182
4. Explain the switch filtering function.
ANS:
As a frame of data moves across the first local area network and enters the switch, the switch examines
the source and destination addresses that are stored within the frame. These frame addresses are
assigned to the network interface card (NIC) when the NIC is manufactured. (All companies that
produce NICs have agreed to use a formula that ensures that every NIC in the world has a unique NIC
address.) The switch, using some form of internal logic, determines if a data frame’s destination
address belongs to a workstation on the current segment. If it does, the switch does nothing more with
the frame, because it is already on the appropriate segment. If the destination address is not an address
on the current segment, the switch passes the frame on to the next segment, assuming that the frame is
intended for a station on that segment. Additionally, the switch can check for transmission errors in the
data by performing a cyclic checksum computation on the frame.
PTS: 1 REF: 187-188
5. Explain the cut-through architecture including its advantages and disadvantages.
ANS:
In a cut-through architecture, the data frame begins to exit the switch almost as soon as it begins to
enter the switch. In other words, a cut-through switch does not store a data frame and then forward it.
In contrast, a store-and-forward device holds the entire frame for a small amount of time while various
fields of the frame are examined, a procedure that diminishes the overall network throughput. The
cut-through capability allows a switch to pass data frames very quickly, thus improving the overall
network throughput. The major disadvantage of cut-through architecture is the potential for the device
to forward faulty frames. For example, if a frame has been corrupted, a store-and-forward device will
input the frame, perform a cyclic checksum, detect the error, and perform some form of error control.
A cut-through device, however, is so fast that it begins forwarding the frame before the cyclic
checksum field can be calculated. If there is a cyclic checksum error, it is too late to do anything about
it. The frame has already been transmitted. If too many corrupted frames are passed around the
network, network integrity suffers.
PTS: 1 REF: 189

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harm them. They were down around the Trade Mart with some
placards.
Senator Cooper. I have a couple of more questions.
Do you remember the full page advertisement that was in the
Dallas paper?
Mr. Curry. I saw it; yes.
Senator Cooper. Directed against the President of the United
States?
Mr. Curry. Yes.
Senator Cooper. What date did you give that statement in making
any kind of preparations for his visit?
Mr. Curry. In the first place, I didn't think it was very
appropriate, it makes us apprehensive, a little more apprehensive of
the security of the President, but we were doing everything that I
knew we could do to protect him. I will never forget that as we
turned to go down toward that underpass the remark was made,
"We have almost got it made," and I was very relieved that we had
brought him through this downtown area, and were fixing to get on
this expressway where we could take him out to the Trade Mart
where we had a tremendous amount of security set up for him.
Senator Cooper. Since the assassination, have you had any actual
factors or any evidence or information of any kind which would
indicate that any person other than Oswald was involved in the
assassination of President Kennedy?
Mr. Curry. No, sir; I have not.
Mr. Dulles. Was any investigation made of, I believe it was
Weissman, or somebody by that name, who inserted this
advertisement to which Senator Cooper referred, was any particular
investigation made?
Mr. Curry. Not any investigation by us.

(At this point, Representative Ford withdrew from the hearing
room.)
Mr. McCloy. I have one question.
Did you since the assassination or before have any information
or any credible information which would indicate that there was any
connection between Ruby and Oswald?
Mr. Curry. No, sir; we were not able to establish any connection
between them.
Mr. McCloy. You made a thorough investigation of that?
Mr. Curry. Yes, sir; we made every attempt to prove or disprove
an association between them, and we were not able to connect the
two.
Mr. McCloy. Do you intend to ask the chief about the General
Walker episode?
Mr. Rankin. Yes; and also about the Ruby episode.
Mr. McCloy. I think that is all I have at the moment.
Mr. Rankin. Chief, I put in front of you there as Exhibit 705, now
marked as "Exhibit 705," your radio log that you have just been
looking at and referred to, is that right?
Mr. Curry. Yes, sir.
Mr. Rankin. Will you turn to the page there where you find the
first broadcast of the description of the suspect of the assassination
of the President? Is that on your page 6 or thereabouts?
Mr. Curry. The pages—yes, it is page 6, channel 1.
Mr. Rankin. Will you tell what time of the day that is recorded as
having been made?
Mr. Curry. This shows at the end the broadcast to be 12:45 p.m.
It would be on November 22d.

Mr. Rankin. Mr. Chairman, I would like to offer Exhibit 705 being
this radio log which covers a great many matters, but in light of the
importance of the time and the description and all, I think the entire
log should go in and then we can refer to different items in it.
Mr. Dulles. It will be admitted as Commission's Exhibit No. 705.
(The document referred to was marked Commission Exhibit No.
705, and received in evidence.)
Mr. Rankin. Now, will you read to the Commission a description
that was given at that time of the suspect of the assassination?
Mr. Curry. The broadcast reads as follows: "Attention all squads.
Attention all squads. At Elm and Houston, reported to be an
unknown white male, approximately 30, slender build, height 5 feet
10 inches, 165 pounds. Reported to be armed with what is believed
to be a .30-caliber rifle.
"Attention all squads, the suspect is believed to be white male,
30, 5 feet 10 inches, slender build, 165 pounds, armed with what is
thought to be a .30-.30 rifle. No further description or information at
this time. KKB there 64 Dallas, and the time given as 12:45 p.m."
Mr. Rankin. You have described Officer Tippit's number?
Mr. Curry. District 78.
Mr. Rankin. And that is recorded along the left-hand side when
there is any message either from him or to him, is that right?
Mr. Curry. That is correct.
Mr. Rankin. Do you find there a message directed to him about
moving to the central Oak Cliff area?
Mr. Rankin. And what time is that message recorded?
Mr. Curry. Immediately following this dispatch to him to district
squads 87 and 78, EBG 78.
Mr. Rankin. What time?

Mr. Curry. The time is given as 12:46.
Mr. Rankin. What does it say?
Mr. Curry. The dispatcher asked him "87 and 78" or instructed
him "Move into the central Oak Cliff area."
Mr. Rankin. Did he respond to that?
Mr. Curry. A little later he did.
Mr. Rankin. When?
Mr. Curry. We have—he was asked his location, would be about
1 o'clock.
Mr. Rankin. Did he say what it was?
Mr. Curry. He didn't come back in at that time. At 1:08 p.m. they
called him again.
Mr. Rankin. Did he respond?
Mr. Curry. It is at 12:54. The dispatcher said "78" and he
responded, he said, "You are in the Oak Cliff area, are you not?"
Seventy-eight responded and said, "Lancaster and 8," which
would be in the central section of Oak Cliff.
The dispatcher said, "You will be at large for any emergency that
comes in."
And he responded, "10-4," which means message received. And
he would follow those instructions.
Mr. Rankin. Do you have an item there of a broadcast of a person
who murdered Tippit?
Mr. Curry. We have apparently—a citizen came in on the radio
and he said, "Somebody shot a police officer at 404 10th Street."
Someone in the background said 78, squad 78, car No. 10. And the
citizen said, "You get that?" and the dispatcher said, "78."
And there was no response and the citizen said, "Hello, police
operator, did you get that?" Some other unknown voice came in and

said, "510 East Jefferson."
Mr. Rankin. What time of the day?
Mr. Curry. This was about 1:15; 1:19 is the next time that shows
up on the radio log. The dispatcher at 1:19 said, "The subject is
running west on Jefferson from the location."
Citizen came back in on the radio and said, "From out here on
10th street, 500 block, the police officer just shot, I think he is
dead." Dispatcher said, "10-4, we have the information."
The citizen using the radio remained off the radio.
Dispatcher to 15, he was the sergeant, said, "Did you receive the
information of police officer shot?"
And he said, "10-4, but didn't that citizen say first he was on
Jefferson and 10th and then Chesapeake?"
And he said, "Yes."
And he said, "Do they relate?"
And he said, "Yes, at Denver, 19 will be there shortly," that is a
sergeant or a lieutenant.
Ninety-one came on and said, "Have a signal 19 involving a
police officer at 400 block East 10th. The suspect last seen running
west on Jefferson, no description at this time."
The dispatcher came in and said, "The suspect just passed 401
East Jefferson."
Dispatcher then says, "Give us the correct location on it, 85, we
have three different locations."
Eighty-five says, "I haven't seen anything on Jefferson yet, 10-4,
check, 491 East 10th at Denver."
Dispatcher repeated, "The subject has just passed 401 East
Jefferson."

At 1:22 we have a broadcast here that says, "We have a
description on the suspect here on Jefferson, last seen on the 300
block on East Jefferson, a white male, 30, about 5 feet 8, black hair,
slender, wearing a white jacket, white shirt and dark slacks, armed
with what he states unknown. Repeat the description."
Dispatcher said that to the squad. He says. "Wearing a white
jacket believed to be a white shirt and dark slacks. What is his
direction of travel on Jefferson?"
He said, "Travel west on Jefferson, last seen in the 401 West
Jefferson, correction, it will be East Jefferson."
The dispatcher then said, "Pick up for investigation of
aggravated assault on a police officer, a white male approximately
30, 5 feet 8, slender build, has black hair, white jacket, white shirt,
dark trousers. Suspect has been seen running west on Jefferson
from the 400 block of East Jefferson at 1:24."
Then they asked about the condition of the officer, and there
was something about—the dispatcher did receive some information
that there was a man pulled in there on West Davis driving a white
Pontiac, a 1961 or 1962 station wagon with a prefix PE, saying he
had a rifle laying in the street.
We have a citizen following in a car address unknown direction.
The dispatcher said, "Any unit near Gaston 3600 block, this is
about a blood bank."
Then 279 comes in and says, "We believe the suspect on
shooting this officer out here got his white jacket, believed he
dumped it in this parking lot behind the service station at 400 block
West, Jefferson across from Dudley House. He had a white jacket we
believe this is it."
"You do not have a suspect, is that correct?"
"No, just the jacket lying on the ground."
There is some more conversation about blood going to Parkland.

"What was the description beside the white jacket?"
"White male, 30, 5-8 black hair, slender build, white shirt, white
jacket, black trousers, going west on Jefferson from the 300 block."
Squad says, "This is Sergeant Jerry Hill." Says, "I am at 12th and
Beckley now, have a man in the car with me that can identify the
suspect if anybody gets one."
Mr. Rankin. Chief Curry, we were furnished a Commission
Document No. 290, dated December 5, 1963, that purported to be a
radio log for your department, and it did not have any item in it in
regard to instruction to Officer Tippit to go to the Central Oak Cliff
area.
Do you know why that would be true?
Mr. Curry. I don't know why it wasn't in that log except that
these logs, after they are recorded, they are pretty difficult to try to
take everything off of them, channel 1 and channel 2 is in on them
and they spent many hours going over these and copying these.
This would be available and I listened to our recording.
Mr. Rankin. That is Exhibit 705 you are talking about?
Mr. Curry. That is right.
Mr. Rankin. So if there is a discrepancy between the two, are you
satisfied that Exhibit 705 is correct?
Mr. Curry. Is the correct exhibit; yes.
Mr. Rankin. Commission Document No. 290 does say at the
heading that most routine transmissions were left out for reasons of
brevity.
Would that be any explanation?
Mr. Curry. Perhaps it could be, yes. Because these would have
been routine broadcasts. The fact the squad was moving into this
area because this is more or less normal procedure when we have

incidents occurring of any magnitude, the squads immediately begin
moving in to cover officers of the district.
Mr. Rankin. You were going to tell us about how it came to your
attention about the moving of Lee Oswald to the jail from your place
on Saturday?
Mr. Curry. To the county jail?
Mr. Rankin. Yes.
I asked Captain Fritz a time or two when he wanted to move
Oswald, because this is left up to him. Whoever will be handling the
case, I mean I don't enter in the transfer of prisoners. I don't
ordinarily even know when they are going to be transferred.
Mr. Rankin. Why is that?
Mr. Curry. It is just a routine matter.
Mr. Rankin. Can you tell us is that involved quite a few times in
your operations?
Mr. Curry. Yes, sir. Usually it is a daily transfer of prisoners, and
usually the sheriff's office sends up there and picks them up on
routine prisoners.
Mr. Rankin. Are there a number each day?
Mr. Curry. I would say perhaps anywhere from maybe none to 15
a day.
Mr. Rankin. When did you talk to Officer or Captain Fritz about
this?
Mr. Curry. I think I talked to him some on Saturday, because the
newspaper people or the news media kept asking me when are
going to transfer him?
Mr. Rankin. That would be November 23?

Mr. Curry. Yes; and I said this I don't know because that would
be left up to the men doing the interrogation. When they felt like
they were finished with him and wanted to transfer him or when
Sheriff Decker said, "We want the man."
Mr. Rankin. Did you have anything to do with his transfer then?
Mr. Curry. Other than to, I called Sheriff Decker on Sunday
morning and he said, I told him and I think he had talked to Fritz
prior to that time, too, and he told Fritz, he says, "Don't bring him
down here until I get some security set up for him."
So, Sunday morning I talked to Sheriff Decker.
Mr. Rankin. Why didn't you do it at night?
Mr. Curry. This is not customary to transfer prisoners at night.
Mr. Rankin. Why?
Mr. Curry. Well, in talking with Captain Fritz, and here again the
prisoner was his, and when some of my captains, I believe it was
perhaps Lieutenant Swain, it is in the record somewhere said
something about, "Do you think we ought to move him at night?"
And Captain Fritz was not in favor of moving him at night
because he said, "If anything does occur you can't see, anybody can
immediately get out of sight, and if anything is going to happen we
want to know where we can see and see what is happening."
Mr. Rankin. Were you fearful something might happen?
Mr. Curry. I didn't know. I thought it could happen because of a
feeling of a great number of people. But I certainly didn't think
anything to happen in city hall. I thought that if anything did happen
to him it would probably be en route from the city jail to the county
jail.
Mr. Rankin. What precautions did you take?
Mr. Curry. The precautions that were taken, when I came in on
Sunday morning, now Captain Fritz, I had talked to him on Saturday

night or Saturday evening anyway, and he said, he thought he would
be ready to transfer him by 10 o'clock the next morning, that would
be Sunday morning.
Mr. Rankin. Did you tell that to the media?
Mr. Curry. I told them at some time after that. Several of them
asked me when are you going to transfer him, and I said, I don't
know.
They said, "Are you going to transfer him tonight," and I said,
"No, we are not going to transfer him tonight." I said, "We are tired.
We are going home and get some rest."
Something was said about well, we are tired, too. When should
we come back, and I think that this is recorded in some of the tape
recording, that I told them if you are back here by 10 o'clock in the
morning, I don't think that you would miss anything you want to
see.
Mr. Rankin. What did you do then about precautions?
Mr. Curry. The next morning when I came in, that would be
about 8:30, 8:45, I think, parked in the basement of city hall, I
started up to the elevator and I noticed they had moved some
cameras into a hallway down in the basement and I told Lieutenant
Wiggins who is in the jail office, I said, "These things will have to be
moved out of here, and I also told Chief Batchelor, and Chief
Stevenson, Assistant Chief Batchelor, and Assistant Chief in Charge
of Investigations Stevenson who came down in the basement at the
time.
Mr. Rankin. Those were TV cameras?
Mr. Curry. That was in the lobby or in near the lobby of the jail
office. I told them they were—would have to move those out of
there. This was also in the parking area, there was a ramp come
down from Main Street and goes out on Commerce Street, and then
there is a parking area east of this.

I told Lieutenant Wiggins who was there, I said, "Now, move
these squad cars," there was a transfer car there and a squad car,
"move these cars out of this area and if the news media wants down
here put them over behind these railings, back over in the basement
here."
Then that is all I did at that time. I saw that they were setting
up some security. A little while later Chief Batchelor and Chief
Stevenson went downstairs and found Captain Talbert who was the
platoon commander, radio platoon commander had some sergeants
down there and they were setting up security and were told clean
everything out of the basement and not let anybody in here, I think
the depositions will show that, not let anybody in except police
officers and news media who had proper credentials.
Mr. Rankin. What about the various entrances, was anything done
about that?
Mr. Curry. Well, the entrances to the basement, yes, and the
entrances from the basement of city hall out into the basement
proper where the cars come in.
Mr. Rankin. What was done about that?
Mr. Curry. Every entrance there were guards put on it with
instructions not to let anyone come or go except police officers or
news people that had proper credentials.
Mr. Rankin. What entrances are there to the basement?
Mr. Curry. This is a Main Street entrance for vehicles, that would
be on the north side of the building. There is a Commerce Street exit
which would be on the south side of the building, on the west side
downstairs there is an entrance from the jail corridor where the
public goes to the jail window into the basement of the parking area.
Then there are some elevators that come from the municipal
building, that come down to the basement level. There are also,
there is also an opening that goes from this basement down into a
subbasement where the maintenance men have their offices.

(At this point, Senator Cooper left the hearing room.)
Mr. Rankin. And each one of those was guarded?
Mr. Rankin. Throughout the time?
Mr. Rankin. What other precautions were made?
Mr. Curry. There were a great number of police reservists and
detectives and uniformed officers, I think there was a total, I believe
of about 74 men in this area between the jail office and the
immediate area where he would be loaded.
Mr. Rankin. How large an area was that?
Mr. Curry. Well, where he would be brought out of the jail office
to put him in this car, would be, I would say, 16 or 20 feet, and then
this building, this ramp runs from one street to the other, and the
parking area would cover a block wide and perhaps 150 feet deep.
Mr. Rankin. Were there cars in the parking area?
Mr. Curry. Some cars were there. They had been searched out,
all of them. All of the vehicles had been searched, and all the, where
the airconditioning ducts were, they had all been searched, every
place where a person could conceal himself had been searched out.
Mr. Rankin. Was there a plan for an armored car?
Mr. Curry. Yes, sir; there was.
Mr. Rankin. What happened about that?
Mr. Curry. After they had gotten the armored car down there, in
talking with Captain Fritz, and here again this prisoner was his
responsibility and I don't want to be in a position of just overriding
him, and I was willing to trust his judgment, he had been doing this
for, like I say, nearly 40 years, and he said, "Chief, I would prefer not
to use that armored car, I don't know who the driver is. It is
awkward to handle and if anybody tries to do anything to us, I am

afraid we would be surrounded. I would prefer to put him in a police
car with some of my men following him, and get in and just take him
right down Main Street and slip him into the jail."
So I said, "It will be all right with me if you want to do it that
way but let's not say anything about this."
Mr. Rankin. Now the armored car was not a Dallas police car, was
it?
Mr. Curry. No; it was not.
Mr. Rankin. It was one you were arranging to get from——
Mr. Curry. I believe his name was Mr. Sherrell, who was the
manager of the Armored Motor Service there in Dallas.
Mr. Rankin. And they would furnish a driver with it?
Mr. Curry. Yes.
Mr. Rankin. What else was done, if anything?
Mr. Curry. We went ahead with our plans and we instructed the
officers that would be involved in this transfer they would go east on
Commerce Street, north to Elm Street, west on Elm Street to
Houston Street, and then back south on Houston to the rear
entrance of the county jail.
Mr. Rankin. How many officers would be involved in the transfer?
Mr. Curry. In the actual transfer, I would think perhaps 15 or 18
besides the men that were stationed at the intersections downtown.
Mr. Rankin. How far would it be from your police department to
the county jail?
Mr. Curry. I would say 12–15 blocks.
Mr. Rankin. Were there any other precautions you haven't
described?
Mr. Curry. No, sir; that is about all I know of, except that Captain
Fritz wanted to transfer the prisoner in his car, with some of his

detectives. This is not unusual. He has transferred many, many
prisoners, especially where there is—it is an unusual case involving
more than the ordinary routine crime, so it is not anything unusual
to transfer him, for him to transfer prisoners.
But, it was then suggested or arranged that they would put his
car in a position behind the armored car that we would bring the
prisoner out, put him in his car, and he would have two detectives in
the back seat with him, plus one driver and two or three detectives
following him immediately and there was supposed to be another
car to pick up and go with them or get into a car van with these two.
They would follow the armored motor car and no one would
know that he was not in the armored motor car except the reporters
downstairs when they saw him come out. They would see he was
placed in a car instead of the armored car, and we planned to let the
armored car go over the predetermined route, but that Captain Fritz,
when he got to Main Street, as you go east on Commerce and
turned north to go to Elm Street, that is the second street over,
when he got to Main Street they would make a left turn and go right
down Main Street to the county jail, and they would turn right on
Houston Street and the lead car would pull past the entrance and he
would duck in and the gates would be closed and the prisoner would
be transferred.
Mr. Rankin. What happened to these TV cameras that you told
them to get out of there?
Mr. Curry. They moved them back somewhere. I don't know
where they moved them but it was away from there.
Mr. Rankin. Weren't their cameras right there at the time of the
shooting?
Mr. Curry. There were some cameras immediately over, TV
cameras, I think over where I had told them to place them earlier
that morning. I understood when Chief Batchelor went downstairs
and I think Captain Jones of the forgery bureau, immediately prior to
the transfer, they found there were some reporters and cameramen

in the jail office, and Captain Jones, I believe, asked Chief Batchelor
if these should not be removed and he was told yes, they should be
removed out into the basement. When they were removed out into
the basement instead of them being placed outside of the railing—
now this is a decision made by Chief Batchelor, I suppose, because
he said put them in the driveway up to the north. Now this is from
where Ruby came. So apparently this afforded him an opportunity,
from our investigation it was determined that he came down this
Main Street ramp.
Mr. Rankin. How did you determine that?
Mr. Curry. We interrograted every man that was assigned in the
basement. Also every witness who was around there that we could
find that knew anything about it.
Mr. Rankin. Did anyone see him come in on that ramp?
Mr. Curry. There was a former police officer who told us he saw
him go down that ramp, a Negro former police officer.
Mr. Rankin. Who was that?
Mr. Curry. I believe his name was Daniels. I think perhaps you
have a statement from him, don't you?
Mr. Rankin. Is he the only one who saw him come in down there?
Mr. Curry. I believe so.
Mr. Rankin. Now with these TV cameras down there how would
your ruse work about having the armored car go ahead and Oswald
climb into Captain Fritz' car? Wouldn't that all be shown on TV?
Mr. Curry. If it was. We didn't think there would be anybody
downtown to be in a position to watching TV that quickly to do
anything about it if they wanted to.
Mr. Rankin. You thought about it though?
Mr. Curry. Yes.
Mr. Rankin. What happened? Were you down there at the time?

Mr. Curry. No, sir; I would have been but I received a call from
my mayor and as I was fixing to go downstairs and I wish that I had
been downstairs because I don't know that I could have done
anything but you always have this feeling if you were there maybe
you could have done something.
But I was called to the telephone and while I was talking to the
mayor, why I heard some noises from downstairs and I was up on
the third floor, and I heard some shouting, and someone came in
and told me that Oswald had been shot.
Mr. Rankin. Did you learn how the shooting occurred?
Mr. Curry. Yes.
Mr. Rankin. Will you tell us?
Mr. Curry. I was told that someone sprang from the crowd and
pushed a gun into his stomach and fired a shot.
Mr. Rankin. Do you know who that was?
Mr. Curry. I was told that the man was named Jack Ruby.
Mr. Rankin. What else did you learn about it?
Mr. Curry. Further investigation revealed, and some of my
officers who talked to Ruby and talked to his attorney, I believe,
were told that he came down that north ramp, and an investigation
revealed that one of our officers, who was assigned there. Officer
Vaughn, who was assigned to this location just prior to this transfer.
Mr. Rankin. That is out on the street?
Mr. Curry. Main Street side.
Mr. Rankin. At the entrance?
Mr. Curry. At the entrance to the basement ramp. He had been
assigned there and had been told not to let anybody come in except
newspaper reporters or news media or police officers.
Mr. Rankin. Did you find out what he did?

Mr. Curry. We discovered or found out subsequently that he, just
prior to this transfer, that when we found out we were going to
transfer him and not use an armored car that Chief Stevenson had
told Lieutenant Pierce "to get a couple of sergeants or a sergeant,
get somebody and go around and get in front of the armored car
and when we tell you to why you lead off and lead this armored car
over here and just over the route we have discussed, and take it to
the county jail."
Well, Lieutenant Pierce went downstairs and got a car and he
got Sergeant Putnam and I don't recall the other sergeant, and
because the ramp that ordinarily we would use for exit ramp to
Commerce Street, it was blocked with this armored car and another
vehicle, he went out in the wrong direction, that is he went north,
up to north, he went north on the ramp to Main Street which
ordinarily would not be done, but since he could not get out, why he
did, and as he approached the ramp, our investigation showed that
Officer Vaughn stepped from his assignment in the entrance to this
ramp, and the walk is about 10 or 12 feet wide there, stepped
across and just more or less assisted the car to get into the Main
Street flow of traffic.
Now he wasn't asked to do this by the lieutenant, but he just did
it and according to what Ruby told some of my officers, I believe,
whether you have it on the record who he told this to, that he came
down that north ramp.
Mr. Rankin. At that time?
Mr. Curry. At that time.
Now this would only have been, it couldn't have possibly been
over 2 or 3 minutes prior to the shooting, so apparently he went
right down that ramp and he got in behind some of these newspaper
reporters or news media and detectives, and as Oswald was brought
out he sprang from behind one of my detectives and took about two
steps and shoved a gun in Oswald's side and pulled the trigger.

This officer, in talking to him, he made a report, he swears that
he didn't see anybody go in there.
Mr. Rankin. By this officer, you mean Vaughn?
Mr. Curry. Officer Vaughn. He did, I asked him myself or asked
the investigating officers to see if he wouldn't take a polygraph test
concerning this, just to verify his position in it, and he agreed to take
the polygraph test and did take the polygraph test and the polygraph
test revealed that he was not aware that Ruby came in while he
stepped, when he stepped away from the entrance of that door.
Now I am not here to place the blame on anybody because, as I
have said previously, as head of the department, I have got to
accept the responsibility for what goes on there.
But if Officer Vaughn had properly carried out his assignment, I
don't believe that Ruby could have gotten into the basement of the
city hall.
Mr. McCloy. Unless he had credentials, media credentials?
Mr. McCloy. We haven't verified whether or not he did have
anything?
Mr. Curry. We haven't been able to verify that. There were none
found on his person.
Mr. Rankin. Did you make any inquiry as to whether or not any of
the police force were involved with Ruby in this shooting?
Mr. Curry. We got reports and interrogated every officer who was
there.
Mr. Rankin. What did you find out?
Mr. Curry. We didn't find any officer who knew he was down
there or that had in any way assisted him in getting there. No one.
Mr. Rankin. You are satisfied that none of them were involved in
trying to have Oswald shot?

Mr. Curry. Yes, sir; I certainly am.
Mr. Rankin. Did you make inquiry to determine whether there was
any evidence that anyone else was involved with Ruby in trying to
shoot Oswald?
Mr. Curry. We made every effort we could in our investigation.
We were not able to determine any tieup between any other
individual and Ruby or Oswald.
Mr. Rankin. Did you make any inquiry to determine whether or
not anyone else was involved with Oswald in the assassination of the
President?
Mr. Curry. We attempted to. Every lead we came upon we
followed it out to see whether or not we could make any connection
between Ruby, Oswald, or any other group.
Mr. Rankin. Did you discover any evidence that would tend to
show that Oswald had any support in the assassination?
Mr. Curry. No; we did not.
Mr. Rankin. Did you discover any evidence that would prove Ruby
was involved with any other person in the killing of Oswald?
Mr. Curry. We were not able to determine any connection.
Mr. Dulles. I will just ask one question, if I may, here.
It was Officer Vaughn, I understand, who had the direct
responsibility for checking the credentials.
Mr. Curry. Of that door, of that particular door.
Mr. Dulles. That door. Is there any evidence that Officer Vaughn
knew of Ruby?
Mr. Curry. I don't believe he did.
Mr. Dulles. Has that been looked into?
Mr. Curry. He was asked that, and if I remember correctly in his
deposition he didn't know him.

Mr. Dulles. He testified he didn't know him?
Mr. Curry. I believe so, I am not confident of that, but they have
had his deposition here, which I am sure would reveal that.
Mr. Dulles. Do you know——
(Discussion off the record.)
Mr. McCloy. Do you know, chief, anybody on the staff, on your
staff, on the police staff, that was particularly close to Ruby?
Mr. Curry. No, sir; I do not.
Mr. McCloy. I would want to go back for a little while on one
thing.
How did it happen the description was broadcast so quickly after
the event? Can you explain the circumstances under which——
Mr. Curry. I am merely giving an opinion here.
Mr. McCloy. Yes.
Mr. Curry. I think the reason it was when they found out at the
Texas School Book Depository that this employee when they were
checking employees and they found out this employee was missing,
that they presumed he must or could have had some connection
between the shooting of the President and the fact that he was not
present at this time.
Mr. McCloy. Can you describe the mechanics or the machinery by
which this did get on to, this material on to the broadcast, that
is——
Mr. Ball. Could I go off the record on it?
(Discussion off the record.)
Mr. Curry. No, sir; other than, I am sure that someone put it over
a police radio to our dispatcher and he put it then, he broadcast it.
Mr. McCloy. That is someone on the scene would presumably
communicate with headquarters?

Mr. Curry. With the dispatcher. He would rebroadcast it to all
units.
Mr. McCloy. And he would rebroadcast it to all the units?
Mr. Curry. Yes.
Mr. Dulles. You have given us, I think, an estimate or
approximate estimate of the number of officers you thought that
knew Ruby, and I believe it was about 25 out of the whole force.
Mr. Curry. This is just—I mean this is not—I couldn't say this was
a real accurate number, but I am just presuming from just talking to
people in the department. I would say that certainly no more than
50 men knew anything about him at all.
Mr. Dulles. Have you made any effort to find out and run down
these men that did know?
Mr. Dulles. You have?
Mr. Dulles. And how many have you actually discovered did know
Ruby from that investigation?
Mr. Curry. I don't have the exact number, but I am guessing it
probably would be 25 or 30 men.
Mr. Dulles. Twenty-five men whom you have interrogated with
regard to their association with Ruby?
Mr. Curry. That knew him in some capacity. That knew him in
some capacity.
Mr. Dulles. Mr. Rankin, do we have depositions on this point?
Mr. Rankin. We have inquired of everyone deposed as to what he
knew about Jack Ruby, what acquaintance, any prior connections.
Mr. Dulles. You mean all the police officers who were——

Mr. Rankin. Who were interrogated, but, of course, we didn't
cover any 1,200 men.
Mr. Dulles. Did you cover all those that were present that
morning?
Mr. Curry. I believe we asked anyone in the police department
who knew Ruby to let us know about it. And then I think anyone
that knew him, the names were turned over to those people here.
We covered all that such an inquiry would reveal but we didn't
purport to cover—well, we covered something like a hundred out of
1,200.
We requested by departmental order any police officer who
knew Jack Ruby make it known to us, and then he was interrogated
about it.
Mr. Rankin. Of those interrogated that would probably include all
of those present the day of the shooting of Oswald, the morning of
the shooting of Oswald at the time of the transfer?
Mr. Curry. I believe it would.
Mr. Rankin. All that we knew were present at all, and beyond
that, too, have been interrogated.
Mr. Curry. Yes.
Mr. McCloy. When Officer 78, that is Tippit was directed to the
Oak Cliff area that was simply because the Oak Cliff area was sort of
a center of activity at that point?
Mr. Curry. At that time.
Mr. McCloy. It wasn't—it wasn't because you were trying to or
had any idea that the suspect might have been there?
Mr. Curry. Not from the Presidential shooting, but we were sure
that the suspect in the Officer Tippit shooting was in the central
area.

Mr. McCloy. But Tippit was still alive on the first direction to him
to go out there?
Mr. Curry. That was because some of the squad had been moved
out of the Oak Cliff into the Dallas area. You see, this is across the
river.
Mr. McCloy. What is the Oak Cliff area?
Mr. Rankin. I think that ought to be clarified. Chief Curry, wasn't
your testimony that Tippit was in the Oak Cliff area of Dallas?
Mr. Curry. Yes.
Mr. Rankin. And then he was directed to move to the central Oak
Cliff area?
Mr. Rankin. Move in closer, and so he was in it, his regular beat,
as I understand it, was in the Oak Cliff area, isn't that right?
Mr. Curry. Yes.
Mr. Rankin. And is Oak Cliff a suburb or what is it?
Mr. Curry. It is not exactly a suburb, but it is physically
separated. It used to be a separate municipality and some years
ago——
Mr. Rankin. Where does it lie?
Mr. Curry. It lies west of Dallas proper and across the Trinity
River and the only means of going to Oak Cliff, going to and from
Oak Cliff is by means of viaduct so there is a physical separation
between Oak Cliff and Dallas, and some of the squads had been
pulled out of the Oak Cliff area and to come over to the Elm and
Houston area to assist in the investigation of this shooting, and it
would be normal procedure as squads go out of an area for the
squads further out to move in in the event something does happen
in this area they would have a squad that wouldn't be so far
removed from it.

Mr. Dulles. This direction had nothing to do with any suspicion
that you might have had that the assassin might be going into this
area?
Mr. Curry. No, sir; none at all.
Mr. Dulles. It was purely a maneuver to cover an area which had
been evacuated or been left uncovered because of the assassination
and the reassignment of squads?
Mr. Curry. The reassignment of squads, that is right.
Mr. McCloy. Because of the withdrawal of people of the Oak Cliff
area into the Houston Street area?
Mr. Curry. That is correct. So we pulled some of the squads
further assigned to the area into the most central area to cover
anything that might happen so they would be in position to go out
or come in.
Mr. McCloy. That does clear it up.
Mr. Rankin. Will you tell us on the record what was normal
procedure that you just spoke about?
Mr. Curry. Normal procedure would be when we have a great
number of squads on assignment in an area, in their particular
district, as squads go out of service, say they are checking out, to
haul prisoners into the jails or they are on calls, it just is automatic
they are instructed in school when they go to school if the adjoining
squad goes out of service, doesn't stay, say he adjoins you on the
east, don't go to the far west side of your district, go to the east side
of your district where you could be on the west side of his district, so
if something else occurs in his district you would be in a position to
answer the call.
Ordinarily it is not necessary for us to, so that squads go to
getting out of service, to go and rearrange squads.
In this particular instance, when he asked 81 and 78 if they were
in central Oak Cliff they said yes, but they were moving there

because this would be a normal thing to do, to move into an area
where other squads had gone out of service.
Mr. Rankin. You told us about your efforts to try to determine
whether subversive groups or groups that might have an interest in
making trouble for a trip of the President were going to try to do
anything. Would you tell us what you did about that in more detail?
Mr. Curry. I gave you a copy of this, and I would like to read it
for the record, if you would like me to.
Mr. Rankin. We will offer that.
Mr. Curry. All right.
This is a copy of a report submitted to me by Lieutenant Jack
Revill, criminal intelligence section of the special service bureau.
Mr. Rankin. I will hand you Exhibit No. 710 and ask you if that
isn't a copy of what you are referring to.
Mr. Curry. Yes; it is.
Mr. Rankin. You won't have to read that. Chief, if you will just
describe in a general way what was done that you know about and
then I will offer that to show what it proves.
Mr. Curry. In essence, this report says prior to the
announcement of the President's visit, there were rumors he would
visit Dallas and because of these rumors the intelligence section
increased its efforts in attempting to get data concerning not only
extremists and subversive groups.
Mr. Rankin. How do they do that?
Mr. Curry. They usually have an informant inside the
organization. Sometimes it may be one of our own men.
Mr. Rankin. I see.
That was with regard to the persons listed on that Exhibit 710?
Mr. Curry. Yes.

Mr. Rankin. Do you know of any other efforts besides that?
Mr. Curry. No, sir; these are all that I know of except we did in
one instance go to the cities outside of Dallas, towns outside of
Dallas to talk to some people that had rumored that they would do
something to embarrass the President. These organizations are
listed as the Ku Klux Klan, the Indignant White Citizens Council,
National States Rights Party, the John Birch Society, Dallas White
Citizens Council, Oak Cliff White Citizens Council, General Walker
group, American Opinion Forum, Dallas Committee for Full
Citizenship, Young Peoples Socialist League, Dallas Civil Liberties
Union, Texas White Citizens Council, and Black Muslims.
Mr. Rankin. I will hand you Exhibit 709 which you have furnished
us this morning, and ask you, can you tell us how you got that
exhibit?
Mr. Curry. This exhibit was a report that was submitted to me
from Jack Revill, who is a lieutenant, in the criminal intelligence
section.
Mr. Rankin. That is the same man who is referred to in Exhibit
710?
Mr. Curry. Yes, it is; their assignment is to keep track of these
groups that we have talked about, possible subversive or extremist
groups and try to know something about their plans, their
movements.
Mr. Rankin. How did you get that information described in Exhibit
709?
Mr. Curry. It was given to me on November 22d at 2:50 p.m., or
shortly thereafter, but I mean the information came to him at that
time, and he passed it on to me, later that day.
Mr. Rankin. Would you tell us how you secured Exhibit 711?
Mr. Curry. This is a report from Officer V. J. Brian, B-r-i-a-n, who
is a detective in the criminal intelligence section, and was present

when Lieutenant Revill, when the information submitted was given
to Lieutenant Revill.
Mr. Rankin. I would like to offer Exhibits 709, 710, and 711.
Mr. Dulles. They will be admitted.
(The documents referred to were marked Commission Exhibit
Nos. 709, 710, and 711 for identification and received in evidence.)
Mr. Rankin. Mr. Chairman, I think we should have a recess now
until 2 o'clock.
Mr. McCloy. One more question.
Was there any talk that you heard around before the, after the
apprehension of Oswald and his time set for his removal from police
headquarters to the jail, was there any talk that you heard in the
corridors or elsewhere about lynching or possible lynching?
Mr. Curry. No, sir. The only information I had was that the FBI,
someone from the FBI passed the information to the city hall during
the night that they had had a call that said, I believe the FBI sent
this call, that there was a group of 100 who would take that prisoner
away from us before he got to the county jail.
Mr. McCloy. But this came from outside the jail?
Mr. Curry. Yes; outside.
Mr. McCloy. You never heard any threats uttered within the jail?
Mr. Curry. No.
Mr. Dulles. Another general question: Have you any comments or
anything you would like to say about the cooperation between the
Dallas police, the Secret Service, and the FBI during this period
immediately following, prior to and immediately following the
assassination?
Mr. Curry. No, sir. We have always had the best of cooperation
between both of these Federal units, and all other units of the
Federal and State government. I feel sure that they thought this

information was important to us, they probably would have given it
to us. But we certainly have not had any trouble with the FBI or with
the Secret Service in any of our past associations.
Mr. Dulles. I was going a little further. I mean, was the
cooperation whole-hearted and open and frank as far as you could
tell?
Mr. Curry. Yes, sir; as far as I could tell, it was.
Mr. Dulles. Was there any problem created because of the
possible—not conflict of authority, but question as to who had
responsibility of particular areas here as between you as chief of
police and the Secret Service and the FBI?
Mr. Curry. Prior to the President's visit, no; there was nothing
there.
Mr. Dulles. Prior to or subsequent to?
Mr. Curry. Now, subsequent to that, we felt this, that this was a
murder that had been committed in the county, city and county of
Dallas, and that we had prior, I mean we had jurisdiction over this.
The FBI actually had no jurisdiction over it, the Secret Service
actually had no jurisdiction over it. But in an effort to cooperate with
these agencies we went all out to do whatever they wanted us to do
that we could do to let them observe what was taking place, but
actually we knew that this was a case that happened in Dallas, Tex.,
and would have to be tried in Dallas, Tex., and it was our
responsibility to gather the evidence and present the evidence.
We kept getting calls from the FBI. They wanted this evidence
up in Washington, in the laboratory, and there was some discussion,
Fritz told me, he says, "Well, I need the evidence here, I need to get
some people to try to identify the gun, to try to identify this pistol
and these things, and if it is in Washington how can I do it?"
But we finally, the night, about midnight of Friday night, we
agreed to let the FBI have all the evidence and they said they would

bring it to their laboratory and they would have an agent stand by
and when they were finished with it to return it to us.
Mr. Dulles. An agent of the police force, you mean?
Mr. Curry. An agent of the FBI.
Mr. Dulles. FBI?
Mr. Curry. Yes.
Mr. Dulles. There was no agent of the Dallas police that went to
Washington with the evidence?
Mr. Curry. Not to my knowledge.
Mr. Rankin. Did that work out all right so far?
Mr. Curry. Well, not exactly, because they were to give us
pictures of everything that was brought to Washington, and Fritz
tells me that some of these little items that it was very poor
reproduction of some of the items on microfilm.
Subsequently they photographed these things in Washington
and sent us copies, some 400, I think, 400 copies of different items.
So far as I know, we have never received any of that evidence back.
It is still in Washington, I guess.
Perhaps the Commission has it.
Mr. Rankin. Yes; the Commission is still working with it.
Mr. Curry. Yes.
Mr. Rankin. But apparently the FBI tried to carry out their
agreement with you, didn't they?
Mr. Curry. Yes; they did.
Mr. Rankin. And it is a question of whether or not their
reproductions were as good as you would like to have?
Mr. Curry. There were made, some of them, in the office down in
Dallas, they were in a tremendous hurry to get all of these items to
the laboratory here in Washington, and our only concern was this,

that if this case is tried in Dallas, we need the evidence to be
presented here in a court in Dallas and we were a little bit
apprehensive about it if it gets to Washington will it be available to
us when we need it. If we need somebody to identify, attempt to
identify the gun or other items will it be here for them to see?
And that was our only concern.
We got several calls insisting we send this, and nobody would
tell me exactly who it was that was insisting, "just say I got a call
from Washington, and they wanted this evidence up there,"
insinuated it was someone in high authority that was requesting this,
and we finally agreed as a matter of trying to cooperate with them,
actually.
Mr. Dulles. Have you any more questions?
Mr. McCloy. Not at this stage.
Mr. Rankin. Shall we convene at 2?
Mr. Dulles. Mr. Murray, do you have any?
Mr. Murray. No, thank you.
(Whereupon, at 12:45 p.m., the President's Commission
recessed.)

Afternoon Session
TESTIMONY OF JESSE EDWARD
CURRY RESUMED
The President's Commission reconvened at 2 p.m.
Mr. McCloy. (presiding). We are ready.
Mr. Rankin. Chief Curry, I was asking you just as we closed your
examination before lunch about Exhibits 709, 711 particularly, and
you will recall those are the documents concerning the conversation
between Agent Hosty of the FBI and Jack Revill who is your
lieutenant of criminal intelligence section, is that right?
Mr. Curry. It was reported to me, I was given a report to that
effect.
Mr. Rankin. Do you know anything about the matters described in
those letters?
Mr. Curry. Yes.
Mr. Rankin. Will you tell us what you know about them? Do you
want to see them?
Mr. Curry. Yes. One of the documents tells me that Lieutenant
Revill states that about 2:50 p.m. on the 22d——
Mr. Rankin. Of what?
Mr. Curry. November 1963, that he met Special Agent Jim Hosty
of the FBI in the basement of the city hall, and at that time Agent

Hosty related to Revill that the subject, Oswald, was a member of
the Communist Party, and that he was residing in Dallas.
Mr. Rankin. Did you make any further inquiry after you got that
information?
Mr. Curry. None other than I had a report from V. J. Brian, a
detective in criminal intelligence, who was present at the time this
conversation took place.
Mr. Rankin. That later report was as of April 20?
Mr. Curry. Yes.
Mr. Rankin. 1964?
Mr. Curry. The last report.
Mr. Rankin. What was the occasion for that?
Mr. Curry. I just asked Revill if anyone was with him at the time,
and he recalled that Detective Brian was at the time.
Mr. Rankin. Otherwise, did you know anything more about that
matter?
Mr. Curry. No, sir; I believe Captain Fritz said that he, he told me
he knew they had been out to talk to Mrs. Paine.
Mr. Rankin. By they, who do you mean?
Mr. Curry. Some of the FBI agents, and that he did know that
Oswald apparently knew Hosty, because Hosty was present in the
interrogation room.
Mr. Rankin. By he there at that point who do you mean?
Mr. Curry. Oswald.
Mr. Rankin. Yes; but you say he knew.
Mr. Curry. That Oswald knew Hosty.
Mr. Rankin. Yes.

Mr. Curry. Because according to Fritz he said that he was quite
bitter, Oswald was quite bitter toward Hosty because he had made
the statement that "you mistreated my wife."
Mr. Rankin. Do you know how Captain Fritz learned that?
Mr. Curry. He was in Captain Fritz's office when this statement
was made, according to Captain Fritz.
Mr. Rankin. Now, after the assassination, did you give any orders
of your staff, making any reports about anything they knew about
either the assassination or the Tippit killing?
Mr. Curry. Yes, sir; we had all of our officers who knew anything
at all about it to submit reports which is a normal procedure in any
unusual incident.
Mr. Rankin. How did you direct that that be done?
Mr. Curry. Just through my staff.
Mr. Rankin. Was that in writing?
Mr. Curry. No, sir.
Mr. Rankin. You just told them?
Mr. Rankin. And was that direction promptly given?
Mr. Curry. I am sure it was passed on immediately. All orders
are.
Mr. Rankin. How soon after the assassination?
Mr. Curry. I would say probably within the next day after we met
and we decided that an investigation should be conducted into all
phases of this.
Mr. Rankin. Did you give any directions about furnishing
information immediately about what anyone knew about the killing
of Oswald?

Mr. Curry. No specific directions. After Oswald was killed, I called
and I talked with Deputy Chief Stevenson of the criminal
investigation division the next morning of the next day, I believe this
was Monday, and we decided we should appoint an investigative
group.
Mr. Rankin. Who was that?
Mr. Curry. That was Inspector Sawyer, headed by Inspector
Sawyer.
Mr. Rankin. Who else?
Mr. Curry. And Captain O. A. Jones, and then I think they had
some lieutenants assigned to it and some detectives. Their
assignment was to find out every person who was present in or
around the city hall at the time that Lee Oswald was killed, and to
get a report from them.
I know Lieutenant Revill was also in on this, and then they would
also, in addition to getting a report, they would personally
interrogate each one of them to see whether or not any information
they had knowledge of might be left out of the reports.
And you have a copy of all of these reports, both the reports the
officers made, the additional interrogation made by members of this
investigating group.
Mr. Rankin. Do you know whether they inquired as to the
knowledge of any of these people about conversations with Ruby
immediately after the shooting of Oswald?
Mr. Curry. I believe they have some reports to that effect.
Mr. Rankin. Was that a part of their responsibility to get those
reports?
Mr. Curry. Yes; anything that they had, that they could get
regarding this.
Mr. Rankin. And you would expect the police officers to tell
anything they knew at once?

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