Decision making and goal setting emm
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This document discusses decision making and goal setting. It begins by outlining the objectives of defining decision making, explaining the decision-making process, discussing the importance of decision making related to sexuality, and explaining factors that influence decision making. It then provides details on the decision making process, including identifying alternatives and consequences. It also discusses goal setting, defining goals and different types, as well as the importance and steps to achieving goals. Barriers to decision making and goal setting are addressed, along with how to improve decision making skills and overcome obstacles to achieving goals.
Decision making and goal setting emm
- 1. DECISION MAKING AND GOALDECISION MAKING AND GOAL SETTINGSETTING Olashore EmmanuelOlashore Emmanuel 11
- 2. DECISION MAKINGDECISION MAKING OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES At the end of the training, participants should beAt the end of the training, participants should be able to:able to: Define decision makingDefine decision making Explain and apply the steps in the decision-Explain and apply the steps in the decision- making processmaking process Discuss the importance of decision making andDiscuss the importance of decision making and how it relates to sexualityhow it relates to sexuality Explain the factors that influence decisionExplain the factors that influence decision makingmaking 22Olashore EmmanuelOlashore Emmanuel
- 3. Decision MakingDecision Making Decision making is the process of providingDecision making is the process of providing appropriate solutions to most situations in life.appropriate solutions to most situations in life. It is a process of selecting options fromIt is a process of selecting options from alternatives by making up one’s mind. Youngalternatives by making up one’s mind. Young people make decisions as to what to wear,people make decisions as to what to wear, whether to take a bus to school or to trek,whether to take a bus to school or to trek, whether to engage in premarital sex or not etc.whether to engage in premarital sex or not etc. Your decisions have consequences.Your decisions have consequences. 33Olashore EmmanuelOlashore Emmanuel
- 4. Importance of decision makingImportance of decision making The identification of various optionsThe identification of various options assists in learning more about us andassists in learning more about us and others.others. It helps us identify our valuesIt helps us identify our values It helps on goal settingIt helps on goal setting It can minimize mistakesIt can minimize mistakes It allows us to take control over andIt allows us to take control over and responsibility for our actions.responsibility for our actions. Good decisions build self-esteem.Good decisions build self-esteem. 44Olashore EmmanuelOlashore Emmanuel
- 5. Factors that influence decision makingFactors that influence decision making Values- what is right for me?Values- what is right for me? Goals- what do I hope to achieve by deciding toGoals- what do I hope to achieve by deciding to abstain?abstain? Parental/family values- will my decision meet theParental/family values- will my decision meet the expectations of my family members?expectations of my family members? Information- do I know who or where to ask forInformation- do I know who or where to ask for information?information? Social/Peer pressure- Am I being influenced by mySocial/Peer pressure- Am I being influenced by my peers, media, religion etc?peers, media, religion etc? Ignorance- Am I well informed?Ignorance- Am I well informed? Circumstances/Situations- have I made a decisionCircumstances/Situations- have I made a decision simply because I want to prove a point?simply because I want to prove a point? 55Olashore EmmanuelOlashore Emmanuel
- 6. Three C’s to good decision makingThree C’s to good decision making ChallengeChallenge (or decision) you are facing:(or decision) you are facing: Regard the decision you need to make as aRegard the decision you need to make as a challenge that needs to be overcome, forchallenge that needs to be overcome, for example having a love relationshipexample having a love relationship Choice:Choice: Identify the several choices fromIdentify the several choices from which you can choose.which you can choose. ConsequencesConsequences of each choice: know theof each choice: know the positive and negative consequences of thepositive and negative consequences of the options you have, i.e. consequences foroptions you have, i.e. consequences for teenage pregnancyteenage pregnancy 66Olashore EmmanuelOlashore Emmanuel
- 7. Barriers to decision makingBarriers to decision making Pressure from friends and peer groupsPressure from friends and peer groups Lack of access to adequate information andLack of access to adequate information and factsfacts Lack of decision making skillsLack of decision making skills Inability to set goal and make plansInability to set goal and make plans Inability to clarify valuesInability to clarify values Low self esteemLow self esteem Lack of guidance and support from trustedLack of guidance and support from trusted adultsadults Use of alcohol and other drugsUse of alcohol and other drugs 77Olashore EmmanuelOlashore Emmanuel
- 8. How to overcome barriersHow to overcome barriers Learn to be assertiveLearn to be assertive Clarify your valuesClarify your values Learn to identify alternatives and evaluate theirLearn to identify alternatives and evaluate their consequencesconsequences Set goals and plan towards achieving the goalsSet goals and plan towards achieving the goals Choose the option that is consistent with your values andChoose the option that is consistent with your values and goalsgoals Seek guidance and advice form trusted adults, such asSeek guidance and advice form trusted adults, such as counselors, health providers etccounselors, health providers etc Avoid the use of alcohol and other drugs because theyAvoid the use of alcohol and other drugs because they impede your ability to make good decisionsimpede your ability to make good decisions 88Olashore EmmanuelOlashore Emmanuel
- 9. How to improve decision-making skillsHow to improve decision-making skills (Model for decision making)(Model for decision making) 1.1. Identify the problemIdentify the problem 2.2. Gather information about the problem.Gather information about the problem. Know the alternativesKnow the alternatives 3.3. Consider all the possible consequences:Consider all the possible consequences: list the advantages and disadvantages oflist the advantages and disadvantages of each alternativeeach alternative 4.4. Consider family and personal value:Consider family and personal value: Review your personal beliefs and familyReview your personal beliefs and family vales in relation to the possiblevales in relation to the possible alternatives.alternatives. 99Olashore EmmanuelOlashore Emmanuel
- 10. How to improve decision-making skillsHow to improve decision-making skills (Model for decision making)(Model for decision making) 5.5. Consider the impact on other people:Consider the impact on other people: ConsiderConsider how your decision affects people around you.how your decision affects people around you. 6. Choose the option:6. Choose the option: based on the evaluation ofbased on the evaluation of the possible consequences and personal valuesthe possible consequences and personal values choose the option that will have best outcome.choose the option that will have best outcome. 7. Implement the decision7. Implement the decision: decide and act on the: decide and act on the decision cautiously.decision cautiously. 8. Evaluate the outcome:8. Evaluate the outcome: one decision sometimesone decision sometimes leads to others and if the outcome was positive, itleads to others and if the outcome was positive, it may guide the others. If the decision was a poormay guide the others. If the decision was a poor one, you may want to change the decision.one, you may want to change the decision. 1010Olashore EmmanuelOlashore Emmanuel
- 11. EvaluationEvaluation What is decision making?What is decision making? Explain the 8 steps in decision makingExplain the 8 steps in decision making and apply the steps to a potentialand apply the steps to a potential decision in your life.decision in your life. What is the importance of making goodWhat is the importance of making good sexuality decisions?sexuality decisions? 1111Olashore EmmanuelOlashore Emmanuel
- 12. GOAL SETTINGGOAL SETTING OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES At the end of the training, participantsAt the end of the training, participants should be able to:should be able to: Define goals and explain the main types ofDefine goals and explain the main types of goalsgoals Mention the characteristics of a good goalMention the characteristics of a good goal Discuss the importance of goal settingDiscuss the importance of goal setting Identify and explain the basic steps inIdentify and explain the basic steps in achieving goalsachieving goals 1212Olashore EmmanuelOlashore Emmanuel
- 13. What is a Goal?What is a Goal? A goal is something a person works toA goal is something a person works to accomplish.accomplish. It can be described as a proposedIt can be described as a proposed achievement or accomplish towards whichachievement or accomplish towards which efforts are directed.efforts are directed. 1313Olashore EmmanuelOlashore Emmanuel
- 14. Types of goalsTypes of goals Long-term Goals:Long-term Goals: These are goals meantThese are goals meant to be accomplished over a long period ofto be accomplished over a long period of time e.g. 6 months, several years or overtime e.g. 6 months, several years or over a lifetimea lifetime Short-term Goals:Short-term Goals: are goals someoneare goals someone sets to accomplish in a short period ofsets to accomplish in a short period of time, such as one week, two weeks or atime, such as one week, two weeks or a month.month. 1414Olashore EmmanuelOlashore Emmanuel
- 15. Characteristics of good goalsCharacteristics of good goals Good goals should be ‘Good goals should be ‘SMARTSMART”, i.e.”, i.e. SS Specific: Know exactly what you want toSpecific: Know exactly what you want to achieveachieve MM Measurable: Progress made towards the setMeasurable: Progress made towards the set goals must be measurablegoals must be measurable AA Achievable: Be sure the goal is somethingAchievable: Be sure the goal is something you have the ability to accomplishyou have the ability to accomplish RR Realistic: Be sure the goal is something youRealistic: Be sure the goal is something you can do and within the desired time framecan do and within the desired time frame TT Time bound: Set time limitsTime bound: Set time limits 1515Olashore EmmanuelOlashore Emmanuel
- 16. Importance of goal settingImportance of goal setting It provides a guide for decision-makingIt provides a guide for decision-making It gives meaning and direction to one’sIt gives meaning and direction to one’s activities, it enables one to have an idea ofactivities, it enables one to have an idea of where one is goingwhere one is going Achievement of goals increases one’s selfAchievement of goals increases one’s self esteemesteem It serves as motivationIt serves as motivation It serves as an action planIt serves as an action plan 1616Olashore EmmanuelOlashore Emmanuel
- 17. Steps in achieving a goalSteps in achieving a goal Everyone should set goals for his/her life. It isEveryone should set goals for his/her life. It is easier to accomplish goals of one step is takeneasier to accomplish goals of one step is taken at a time. All goals involve making decisions andat a time. All goals involve making decisions and there may be an element of risk-taking.there may be an element of risk-taking. Sometimes mistakes are made.Sometimes mistakes are made. Determination and the ability to identify theDetermination and the ability to identify the mistakes and necessary adjustments improvemistakes and necessary adjustments improve one’s chance of achieving the set goals.one’s chance of achieving the set goals. 1717Olashore EmmanuelOlashore Emmanuel
- 18. Steps in achieving a goalSteps in achieving a goal 1.1. Identify your goal.Identify your goal. Know exactly what youKnow exactly what you want to achieve: ask yourself ‘What am Iwant to achieve: ask yourself ‘What am I doing?’ If I start smoking, will it get me wheredoing?’ If I start smoking, will it get me where I want to be or what I want? If not, where is itI want to be or what I want? If not, where is it taking me?taking me? 2.2. Look at the possible alternatives.Look at the possible alternatives. FigureFigure out all your choices: possibly discuss the goalout all your choices: possibly discuss the goal you want to achieve with family members,you want to achieve with family members, trusted adults and friends so as to get theirtrusted adults and friends so as to get their support and help.support and help. 3.3. Develop a plan of action.Develop a plan of action. Make plans andMake plans and the necessary arrangements to achieve thethe necessary arrangements to achieve the goal of choosing to succeed academically.goal of choosing to succeed academically. 1818Olashore EmmanuelOlashore Emmanuel
- 19. Steps in achieving a goalSteps in achieving a goal 4. Set time limits4. Set time limits. Know exactly when you. Know exactly when you want to accomplish your goal.want to accomplish your goal. 5. Take one step at a time.5. Take one step at a time. 6. Evaluate your progress6. Evaluate your progress 7. Continue with your plans-7. Continue with your plans- do not givedo not give up.up. 1919Olashore EmmanuelOlashore Emmanuel
- 20. Effects of achieving set goalsEffects of achieving set goals It increases self –esteem because youIt increases self –esteem because you have accomplished somethinghave accomplished something It motivates you to set further goals andIt motivates you to set further goals and accomplish other tasksaccomplish other tasks You develop self-confidenceYou develop self-confidence It makes you happy: possibly makesIt makes you happy: possibly makes others (like family) proudothers (like family) proud You feel fulfilledYou feel fulfilled 2020Olashore EmmanuelOlashore Emmanuel
- 21. Obstacles in achieving goalsObstacles in achieving goals Low self-esteemLow self-esteem Inability to identify the importanceInability to identify the importance Peer pressurePeer pressure Setting unrealistic and immeasurableSetting unrealistic and immeasurable goalsgoals ProcrastinationProcrastination 2121Olashore EmmanuelOlashore Emmanuel
- 22. Obstacles in achieving goalsObstacles in achieving goals Lack of informationLack of information Changes in one’s life circumstancesChanges in one’s life circumstances Changes in one’s valuesChanges in one’s values Lack of ambitionLack of ambition Fear of failureFear of failure 2222Olashore EmmanuelOlashore Emmanuel
- 23. EvaluationEvaluation What is the importance of goal setting?What is the importance of goal setting? How does a person achieve a goal?How does a person achieve a goal? What are the steps to achieving a goal?What are the steps to achieving a goal? 2323Olashore EmmanuelOlashore Emmanuel
- 24. THANK YOUTHANK YOU 2424Olashore EmmanuelOlashore Emmanuel