Definitions of Gifted and Talented
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The document discusses different perspectives on giftedness and talent. It describes how concepts of giftedness have evolved from being trait-based and focused on high IQ, to being more quality-based, diverse, and achievement-driven. Several definitions and models of giftedness are provided, including Renzulli's three-trait definition involving above-average ability, task commitment, and creativity. Creativity is discussed as a key component of giftedness by various experts. Characteristics of gifted individuals are outlined relating to intelligence, learning, knowledge application, generation of new ideas, motivation, and creative thinking.
Definitions of Gifted and Talented
- 2. GIFTEDNESS Natural Ability or Exceptional Talent TALENT Natural Skill
- 3. OLD CONCEPTS EMERGING PARADIGM Giftedness is high IQ Many types of Giftedness Trait-Based Qualities-Based Subgroup Elitism Individual Excellence Innate, “In There” Based on Context Test-Driven Achievement-Driven, “What you do is gifted” Authoritarian, “You are not gifted” Collaborative, Determined by Consultation School-Oriented Field-and-Domain Oriented Ethnocentric Diverse
- 4. Federal or American Governments Definition The first federal definition of the gifted and the talented was contained in the 1972 Marland Report. Sidney Marland Jr. Commissioner of Education (1972) Gifted and talented children are capable of high performance and demonstrate potential ability in any of the following six areas: General intellectual ability Specific academic aptitude Creative or productive thinking Leadership ability Ability in the visual or performing arts Psychomotor Ability
- 5. Gifted and Talented Children’s Act of 1978 defined gifted and talented children are those “possessing demonstrated or personal abilities that give evidence of high performance capability in such areas as intellectual, creative specific, academic or leadership ability, or in the performing or visual arts and who, by reason thereof require services or activities not ordinarily provided by the school” “Report on National Excellence: A Case for Developing American’s Talent” (1991) deleted the term GIFTED and use OUTSTANDING TALENT and EXCEPTIONAL TALENT GIFTEDNESS is said to connote “A MATURE POWER RATHER THAN A DEVELOPING ABILITY”
- 6. Renzulli’s Three Trait Definition 3 Factors of Giftedness: Above Average Ability- difference between general and specific abilities Task Commitment- motivation turned into action Creativity- originality and fluidity of thoughts Gifted and talented children are those possessing or capable of developing this composite set of traits and applying them to any potentially valuable area of human performance.
- 7. Above Average Intelligence Creativity Task Commitment -Good memory -Very curious about many topics - Sets own goals and standard -Learns very quick and easily -Offers unique or unusual ideas -Intense involvement in preferred problem and tasks -Large fund of information -Adds details, makes ideas more interesting -Enthusiastic about interests and activities -Generalizes skilfully -Transforms or combines ideas -Prefers to concentrate on own interest and projects -Comprehends new ideas easily -Sees implications or consequences easily -Perseveres; does not give up easily when working -Perceives similarities and differences relationships -Risk taker -Completes, shares products -Make judgements and decisions Feels free to disagree -Eager for new projects and challenges -Find subtle humour, paradox or discrepancies -Assumes responsibility
- 8. Piirto’s Pyramid Model of Talent Development Gifted are those individuals who, by way of having certain learning characteristics such as superior memory, observational powers, curiosity, creativity and the ability to lean-school related subject matters rapidly and accurately with a minimum of drill and repetition, have a right to an education that is differentiated according to those characteristic.
- 9. Maker’s Problem Solving Perspective Incorporates: High intelligence, High creativity and excellent problem solving skills • He enumerates that a gifted person is the one who enjoys the challenge complexity and persist until the problem is solved in a satisfying way. They are capable of: A.) creating a new or more clear definition of an existing problem B.) devising new and more efficient or effective methods C.) reaching solutions that may be different from the usual, but are recognized as being effective than previous solutions
- 10. Characteristics of Gifted and Talented Children and Youth Silverman: - Studies that gifted students have IQ scores 3 standard deviations or greater above the mean A.) Intense intellectual curiosity B.) Fascination with words and ideas C.) Perfectionism D.) Need for precision E.) Learning in Great Intuitive Leaps F.) Intense need for mental stimulation G.) Difficulty conforming of others idea H.) Early moral and existential concern I.) Tendency toward introversion
- 11. Shaklee: Exceptional Learner in the acquisition and retention of knowledge: A.) exceptional memory B.) learns quickly and easily C.) advanced understanding or meaning of area Exceptional User of knowledge in the application and comprehension of knowledge: A.) exceptional use of knowledge B.) advanced used of symbol systems expressive and complex C.) demands a reason for unexplained events D.) reasons well in problem solving- draws from the previous knowledge and transfers it to other areas. Exceptional Generator of knowledge – individual and creative attributes A.) highly creative behaviour in areas of interest and talent B.) does not conform to typical ways of thinking, perceiving C.) enjoy self-expression of ideas feeling or beliefs D.) keen sense of humour that reflects advances, unusual comprehension of relationship and meaning E.) highly developed curiosity about cause, future, the unknown Exceptional Motivation A.) perfectionism B.) shows initiative, self directed C.) high level of inquiry and reflection D.) long attention span when motivated E.) leadership F.) intense desire to know
- 12. Creativity as the Highest Expression of Giftedness • Creative ability- central to the definition of giftedness • Clark (1986)- highest expression of giftedness • Sternberg (1988)- suggest that creative, insightful individuals are those who make discoveries and devise the inventions that ultimately change society. • Guilford (1988)- enumerates the following dimensions of creative behaviour: 1. Fluency- the creative person is capable of producing many ideas per unit of time 2. Flexibility- a wide variety of ideas, unusual ideas and alternatives solutions are offered 3. Novelty/Originality- low probability, unique words and responses are used; the creative person have novel ideas 4. Elaboration- ability to provide details is evidenced 5. Synthesizing ability- ability to put unlikely ideas 6. Analyzing ability- ability to organize ideas into larger, inclusive patterns 7. Ability to reorganize or redefine existing ideas- to transform an existing object into one of different design, function or use is evident 8. Complexity- to manipulate many interrelated ideas at the same time is shown
- 13. • Torrance (1993)- foremost authority on creativity thinking and author of psychological tests on creativity - high-ability adults who were judged to have achieved far beyond their peers in creative endeavours possess the following ten most common characteristics: 1. Delight in deep thinking 2. Tolerance of mistakes 3. Love of one’s work 4. Clear purpose 5. Enjoyment in one’s work 6. Feeling comfortable as a minority of one 7. Being different 8. Not being well-rounded 9. A sense of mission 10. The courage to be creative
Editor's Notes
- #11: Freya Mangotra, 10, achieved a result of 162 in the Cattell III B IQ test, which is the highest possible score for a person under the age of 18. Einstein is believed he have had an IQ of 160, the same as the late Hawking. British Mensa has more than 20,000 members with IQs in the top two per cent, and about 1,700 members under the age of 18. The average adult has an IQ of 100, while a score above 140 is considered to be that of a genius.