Description of Process

David De Roure1, Pip Willcox2, and
Alﬁe Abdul-Rahman1
On the Description of Process in
Digital Scholarship
UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD

1 OXFORD E-RESEARCH CENTRE
2 CENTRE FOR DIGITAL SCHOLARSHIP
@dder

data
process
script
program
workflow
recipe
plan
…

chemistry lab
music studio
computa2onal workflow
business workflow
archaeology
first folio
interac2ve tool
“Accidents of
preservation
and discovery”
Terhi Nurmikko-Fuller

chemistry lab
music studio
computa2onal workflow
business workflow
archaeology
first folio
interac2ve tool
humancreativity
completeness of process record
PROV

http://demeter.oerc.ox.ac.uk/NumbersIntoNotes/

W3C PROV-N graph,
for interpretation and
reproducibility
https://provenance.ecs.soton.ac.uk/

mo:Performance
mo:Sound
mo:Recording
mo:Signal
mo:Track
mo:AudioFile
mo:AudioFile
mo:produced_sound mo:recorded_in
mo:produced_signal
mo:published_as
mo:available_as
mo:available_as
prov:Activity
prov:used
prov:wasGeneratedBy
mo:Performance
prov:SoftwareAgent
(etree:FlacBinary)
etree:isSubEventOf
etree:audio
event:subEvent
mo:Signal
tl:Interval
tl:Timeline
mo:encodes
mo:time
tl:onTimeLine
feature blob
tl:onTimeLine
prov:Activity
vamp:Transform
prov:SoftwareAgent
(etree:SonicAnnotator)
prov:wasAssociatedWith
prov:wasGeneratedBy
"FLAC"
"WAV"
mo:encoding
mo:encoding
prov:Association
prov:qualiﬁedAssociation
prov:agent
prov:Role
(audio transcoder)
prov:hadRole
prov:used
vamp:computed_by
rdf:Seq
etree:command_seq
prov:Association
prov:agent
prov:Planprov:hadPlan
prov:Role
(feature extraction host)
prov:hadRole
"sonic-annotator -d ..."
etree:command_seq
prov:Plan
prov:hadPlan
prov:Association
prov:SoftwareAgent
(Vamp plugin)
prov:agent
vamp:plugin
prov:Role
(feature extraction plugin)
prov:hadRole
"ﬂac -d ..."
rdf:_1
rdf:Seq
etree:command
prov:Activity
etree:command
prov:SoftwareAgent
(etree:UnixTerminal)
rdf:_1
tl:Interval
mo:time
xsd:duration
tl:duration
prov:Activity
prov: PROV Ontology
mo: Music Ontology
tl: Timeline Ontology
vamp: Vamp Ontology
calma: calma vocabulary
etree: etree vocabulary
Transforming Musicology, Fusing Audio and Semantic Technologies

http://firstfolio.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/

https://blogs.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/digital/2016/04/23/introducing-the-iiif-first-folio/

Thanks to Graham Klyne for assistance
in capturing and encoding the First Folio
provenance

The Printing and Proof-Reading of the First
Folio of Shakespeare by Hinman makes
the case for compositors A to E
http://collation.folger.edu/2016/03/fallen-type/
http://internetshakespeare.uvic.ca/doc/JC_TextIntro/section/1/

@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix ff: <http://http://firstfolio.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/var#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
ff:Parts a prov:Entity .
ff:Perform a prov:Activity ;
prov:used ff:Parts .
ff:Performance a prov:Entity ;
prov:wasGeneratedBy ff:Perform .
ff:Actors a prov:Agent , "prov:Person"^^xsd:string .
ff:Perform prov:wasAssociatedWith ff:Actors .
ff:Director a prov:Agent , "prov:Person"^^xsd:string .
ff:Perform prov:wasAssociatedWith ff:Director .
ff:Audience a prov:Agent , "prov:Person"^^xsd:string .
ff:Perform prov:wasAssociatedWith ff:Audience .
ff:CreatePromptBook a prov:Activity ;
prov:used ff:Performance .
ff:PromptBook a prov:Entity ;
prov:wasGeneratedBy ff:CreatePromptBook .
ff:Copyist a prov:Agent , "prov:Person"^^xsd:string .
ff:CreatePromptBook prov:wasAssociatedWith ff:Copyist .
ff:QuartoEdition a prov:Entity .
ff:ComposeType a prov:Activity ;
prov:used ff:PromptBook , ff:QuartoEdition .
ff:Formes a prov:Entity ;
prov:wasGeneratedBy ff:ComposeType .
ff:ComposeType prov:wasAssociatedWith ff:Compositor .
ff:Compositor a prov:Agent , "prov:Person"^^xsd:string ;
ff:name "B"^^xsd:string .
_:blank6 a prov:Delegation ;
prov:agent ff:Printer .
ff:Compositor prov:qualifiedDelegation _:blank6 .
_:blank6 a "contract"^^xsd:string .
ff:Printer a prov:Agent , "prov:Person"^^xsd:string .
ff:Print a prov:Activity ;
prov:used ff:Formes .
ff:Sheets a prov:Entity ;
prov:wasGeneratedBy ff:Print .
ff:Print prov:wasAssociatedWith ff:Printer .
ff:Gather a prov:Activity ;
prov:used ff:Sheets .
ff:Quires a prov:Entity ;
prov:wasGeneratedBy ff:Gather .
ff:Gather prov:wasAssociatedWith ff:Printer .
One entity is a specialization of
another entity if it shares the same
fixed attributes, with the possible
addition of further fixed attributes.
PROV also allows us to more generally
draw a connection between two descriptions
of the same thing… describing the entities
as alternates of each other.
Activities may follow pre-defined procedures,
such as recipes, tutorials, instructions, or
workflows. PROV refers to these, in general, as
plans, and allows the description that a plan was
followed, by agents, in executing an activity.
https://www.w3.org/TR/prov-n/

•  Plurality
– Multiple plays
– Multiple folios
– Multiple transcriptions
– Multiple provenances
– Multiple authorities
•  Physical book to digital facsimiles
– Multiple social machines
•  Subject of ongoing scholarship and discovery
The Bodleian First Folio as a case study in
provenance representa2on
http://shakespeare.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/the-bodleians-first-folio/

The Quill platform facilitates research
into the process by which committees
negotiate texts, especially in the
context of constitutional conventions
and legislative assemblies.
Nicholas Cole and
Alfie Abdul Rahman
Howard Chandler Christy [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wikiFile:Scene_at_the_Signing_of_the_Constitution_of_the_United_States.jp

1.  Process descriptions should be part of the research
agenda in Humanities in the Semantic Web
2.  The provenance of historical artefacts and their
digitizations can be represented in PROV
3.  There may be multiple alternative provenances, and
overlapping provenances, so we need tooling to support
this. Is this a job for linked data?
4.  We need to describe the provenance of provenance
5.  The process of describing and encoding the
provenance has been a useful research method,
facilitating interdisciplinary discussion
6.  We offer the Bodleian First Folio as a case study
7.  What about social editions?

David De Roure
david.deroure@oerc.ox.ac.uk
Pip Willcox
pip.willcox@bodleian.ox.ac.uk
Alﬁe Abdul-Rahman
alﬁe.abdulrahman@oerc.ox.ac.uk
Thanks to Graham Klyne, Terhi Nurmikko-Fuller, & Kevin Page
Graphs produced by the Southampton Provenance Suite
http://www.slideshare.net/davidderoure/description-of-process

www.oerc.ox.ac.uk
david.deroure@oerc.ox.ac.uk
@dder

Description of Process

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