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DESIGN OF INFORMAL ONLINE
LEARNING COMMUNITIES IN
EDUCATION
Disserta(on	Defense	
Whitney	Kilgore	
June	20,	2016
@whitneykilgore
THE PURPOSE
Categorized their
structure and
explained the lived
experiences of the
chat designers
Twitter chats
@whitneykilgore
TOPICS OF INQUIRY
How does the Twitter chat structure
align with the designer of the chat’s
teaching philosophy?
What practical processes are in place to
support the Twitter chat? How are the
chats run and by whom?
What structural changes have been
made since the initial design of the
chat?
What is the perceived value or utility of
the chat?
@whitneykilgore
Literature Review
THE LITERATURE
US DOE’s Office of Ed Tech Future
Ready program advises use Twitter
chats as a no-cost option for
professional development.
Little academic research available
regarding the use of microblogging
as professional development.
No existing comparative analysis of
Twitter chat designs.
• Chat	format	
• Volume	of	par0cipa0on	
• Modera0on	methods	
• Digital	tools	used	
Categoriza0on	of	
State	Twi=er	Chats	
• Purposive	Sampling	
• 5	Twi=er	Chat	
designers	
Recrui0ng	
• Scheduled	&	Recorded	
• Transcribed	
• Member	Checked	
Interviews	
• A=ribute	coding	
• In	Vivo	coding	
• Structural	coding	
• Themes	emerge	
Analysis	
• Review	of	emergent	
themes	may	reveal	
areas	for	further	
research		
Repor0ng	
RESEARCH DESIGN
@whitneykilgore
CATEGORIZATION
Documented Design
Elements
Format of Chat (Q/A, other)
Volume of Tweets
Availability of an Chat
Archive
Website recorded on USDOE
website
Digital Presence (website)
Use of a Moderator account
or hosts
@whitneykilgore
INCLUSION CRITERIA
Used existing criteria defined by the USDOE
selected state Twitter chats to include
@whitneykilgore
CHAT CATEGORIES
State Hashtag Twitter Chats Organized by Category
Moderator
Driven
Host Driven
Guest Host
with Mod
Support
Live Google
Hangout
During Chat
Rotating
Moderators
#vachat #nebedchat #edchatri #nyedchat #caedchat
#wyoedchat #paedchat #iledchat #iaedchat #njed
#gaed #edchatme #sced
#edchathi #nced #kyedchat
#wischat #ndedchat
#arkedchat #edchatma
#fledchat #ohedchat
#mtedchat #aledchat
#sdedchat #inelearn
#moedchat #miched
#vted #txeduchat
#idedchat #oklaed
@whitneykilgore
PARTICIPANT DEMOGRAPHICS
Chat Chat Format Pseudonym Age Gender Position
Chat A
Moderator
Driven
Rachel 40 Female
Principal at
private
school
Chat B
Rotating
Moderator
Phoebe 39 Female
Educational
consultant
Chat C
Chat with
Live GHO on
Air
Chandler 48 Male
High school
principal
Chat D
Guest Host
w/Moderator
Support
Ross 50 Male
Supt. of K12
school
district
Chat E Host Driven Joey 35 Male
Middle
school vice
principal
Chat Miscategorized
@whitneykilgore
CODING PROCESS
@whitneykilgore
TOI #1 PHILOSOPHY
Interviewee
Pedagogical
Philosophy
Chat Design
Level of
Moderator
Control
Alignment of Chat to
Philosophy
Rachel
Flexible pedagogy,
meeting learners need
Moderator
Driven
High
Misaligned: Chat is highly
controlled by the moderator
Phoebe
Student Led & Inquiry-
based
Rotating
Moderator
Moderate
Somewhat Aligned: Not student led,
but the Q/A format supports Inquiry
Based Learning
Chandler
Create positive
experiences and leave a
legacy
Chat with Live
Google Hangout
on Air
High
Aligned: The high moderator
control supports his desire to
create the experience
Ross
Shifted from Controller
of information to
facilitator
Guest Host with
Moderator
Support
Low
Aligned: The low moderator control
is aligned with facilitating
Joey
Education is about
relationships
Host Driven None *This chat was miscategorized
@whitneykilgore
MODERATOR CONTROL
@whitneykilgore
TOI #2 PROCESSES
Interviewee Chat Design
Co-
mod
Hosts Topics Planning Tools
Rachel
Moderator
Driven
2 No
Flexible topics: state
issues, but more appeal
with broader issues
Google doc & storify
Phoebe
Rotating
Moderator
10 Occasional
Topics from curiosity,
personal research,
happening in the
Twitterverse
Google tools (docs, sites,
sheets) Meet face to face
annually, rotate moderators
Chandler
Chat with Live
Google
Hangout on Air
6 Yes
Occasionally State
specific topic - due to
state board of edu
Conference call & Google doc
recently added Voxer
Ross
Guest Host with
Moderator
Support
1 Yes
General topics of interest
Occasional state specific
topics (legislative)
Google spreadsheet
Joey Host Driven 6 No Topics with broad appeal Google docs
@whitneykilgore
TOI #3 CHANGES
Chat A: none
Chat B: attempted to add in GHO but they were too
distracting & provided questions in advance of chat time
Chat C: added a second time and GHO into the chat
Chat D: none
Chat E: quit having the chat due to scheduling but added
more moderators and back online
@whitneykilgore
TOI #4 VALUE
@whitneykilgore
IMPLICATIONS
Mandatory Components
• Leadership
• Design
• Regularity
• Support
Needed for Learning
Community Development
• Promotion
• Appealing Topics
• Participants
@whitneykilgore
LIMITATIONS
Hard to determine
value without chat
participants input
First study to evaluate
Twitter chat designs
Additional design
focused research
needed to support
findings
@whitneykilgore
FUTURE RESEARCH
Social Network Analysis
(SNA)
Explore Dormant Chats
Participants perceptions of
Twitter chat value
@whitneykilgore
CONCLUSIONS
1 2
3
# 3
Without leadership
online communities
may fail
# 2
Moderators are the
social glue
# 1
Time intensive &
requires team
support
QUESTIONS?

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