Development of intercultural sensitivity
- 2. The APTC is an AID PROJECT funded by the Australian Government
- 3. Cultural Sensitivity What is the “natural” or “appropriate” way to you, is not necessarily the most “natural” or “appropriate” way for other cultures. Lustig M. & Koester, J. 1993, “Intercultural Competence”
- 4. Your Own Culture Language > direct Non-Verbal Communication > greetings, queuing, tone of voice, touching, symbols Space/Time Orientation > use of personal space, linear regimented time frames Religious Beliefs > personal, no impact on decision making Patterns of Thinking > logical, straightforward Self Image > independence
- 5. Other Cultures • Language – indirect • Non-Verbal Communication – greetings, queuing, tone of voice, touching, symbols • Space/Time Orientation – use of personal space, unstructured time frames • Religious Beliefs – Influences decision making • Patterns of Thinking – group interaction, holistic approach to solving issues • Self Image – part of a group, part of a nation
- 6. Process of Adjustment Feelings and emotions of an international student
- 7. The Process of Development of Intercultural Sensitivity Development of Intercultural Sensitivity Experience of difference Denial Defence Minimisation Acceptance Adaption Integration Bennett’s Development Model Ethnocentric Stages Ethnorelative Stages
- 8. The Process of Development of Intercultural Sensitivity Denial Ethnocentrism Ethnorelativism Developmental Strategies • cultural awareness activities • historical information • travelogues First Stage - Denial • anger • negativity
- 9. The Process of Development of Intercultural Sensitivity Defense Ethnocentrism Ethnorelativism Developmental Strategies • Emphasis on what is “good” in other cultures Second Stage - Defense • overt hostility • negative labeling • feelings of superiority
- 10. The Process of Development of Intercultural Sensitivity Minimisation Ethnocentrism Ethnorelativism Third Stage - Minimisation • Cultural Differences are superficial • Common sense will prevail • All cultures come under the same laws and principals • Tolerance Developmental Strategies • Discussion about personal experiences • Involvement of guest speakers of other cultures
- 11. The Process of Development of Intercultural Sensitivity Acceptance Ethnocentrism Ethnorelativism Fourth Stage - Acceptance • Respect of the differences in culture • Using the understanding of differences as a base for learning and adaptation Developmental Strategies • Stressing recognition of differences in behaviour as appropriately different • Exploring differences in non- verbal communication, such as greeting rituals.
- 12. The Process of Development of Intercultural Sensitivity Adaption Ethnocentrism Ethnorelativism Fifth Stage - Adaptation • Intentional shift of frame of reference - as if one were the other person • Ability to undertake another cultural view temporarily Developmental Strategies • Provide opportunities for intercultural interaction • Training in the practice of empathy • Communication training/conducting interviews with other cultures
- 13. The Process of Development of Intercultural Sensitivity Integration Ethnocentrism Ethnorelativism Sixth Stage - Integration • Becoming part of another culture • Undertaking cultural differences in everyday life Developmental Strategies • Developing ethics