Development Theories
- 1. Theories and Models of Development A brief synopsis GEO 210 Aimee Kelly
- 2. Questions they Address Why are some countries more developed than others? What should a country do to become more developed?
- 3. The Classical Model of Development Created by Walt W. Rostow Development is the result of investment Need investment to diversify the economy Five stages would transform the country from a preindustrial society into a modernized service-oriented economy
- 4. Stage 5: Age of Mass Consumption Rostow’s Classical Consumer oriented Service sector dominated Development Stage 4: Drive to Maturity Model Diversification Less Reliance on Imports Stage 3: Take-Off Industrialization Growth in new technologies Stage 2: Pre-conditions for Take-off The country transitions Specialization in key areas from a primary to a Elites start innovation tertiary sector dominated economy. Stage 1: Traditional Society Subsistence/agricultural
- 5. Dependency Theory Forget about stages, development is a result of relational processes. International trade is the central piece of the relational process. Some states have more power in international trade and are dominant states. Other states do not have the resources or power and are dependent states. Dominant states develop at the expense of dependent states.
- 6. World-System Theory Developed by Immanuel Wallerstein. The capitalist world economy causes underdevelopment. Capitalism creates an international division of labor, or a hierarchy of states. Core, semiperipheral, and peripheral regions. System of unequal trade relationships that support the growth of the core at the expense of the peripheral and semiperipheral states. States can change their role in the international division of labor.
- 7. Current Map of World According to World-System Theory Fig 9.15b from Greiner
- 8. Neoliberal Model of Development Based on the liberalist ideas of Rousseau, T. Jefferson, and Adam Smith. Suggests that capitalism can help countries develop as long as markets were free and open. Suggested underdevelopment was the result of government policies that prevent economic growth. So, countries should engage in structural adjustment programs that involve strategies for market reform and deregulation.