The document discusses three statistical concepts - difference, relationship, and goodness of fit. It provides examples to illustrate each concept. Difference refers to comparing two or more groups, such as younger and older drivers' average driving speeds. Relationship examines whether a change in one characteristic causes a change in another, like the relationship between age and flexibility. Goodness of fit determines how well a claim fits reality, such as a salesman's claim about software usage matching results from a sample of employees.