Soliloquies are when a character speaks their inner thoughts aloud when alone, while monologues are speeches addressed to other characters or an audience. In a soliloquy, the character is only addressing themselves, while a monologue has an internal or external audience. Examples provided are Hamlet's famous "To be or not to be" soliloquy and a monologue from Doctor Faustus where he pleads for more time before his soul is damned.