Differentiated instructions
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Differentiated instruction is a teaching approach that aims to address student diversity in the classroom. This presentation provides a brief overview of differentiated instruction and introduces several instructional strategies to support it, such as tiered lessons, flexible grouping, anchor activities, exit cards, response cards, think-tac-toe boards and cubing. The goal is for teachers to understand differentiated instruction principles and implement strategies to meet the varied readiness levels, interests and learning profiles of students. More information on differentiated instruction is available through the resources provided.
Differentiated instructions
- 2. A Special Note… Differentiated instruction is a very popular, not to mention broad, topic in today’s educational arena. It should be noted that this presentation is only intended to be a brief overview of this encompassing topic. There is an enormous amount of information about differentiated instruction and the related concepts that are intertwined with differentiated instruction, which could not be included within this format. To learn more about differentiated instruction, please refer to the “Websites” and “Resources” slides at the end of this power point, or contact your Florida Inclusion Network facilitator at: www.FloridaInclusionNetwork.com
- 3. Participants will… Learner Objectives: • Become familiar with vocabulary related to differentiated instruction. • Understand basic principles of differentiating content, process, and product in an academically diverse classroom. • Be able to implement one or more instructional strategies that support differentiation.
- 4. PersonalPersonal ExperiencesExperiences Prior Educational Experiences ReadinessReadiness LevelsLevels Motivators As you know, students come to our classrooms with a variety of:
- 5. The biggest mistake of past centuries in teaching has been to treat all children as if they were variants of the same individual and thus to feel justified in teaching them all the same subjects in the same way. -Howard Gardner Unfortunately, some classroom structures do not address this student diversity. In fact…
- 6. Let’s take a look at the instructional strategies we typically use in our classrooms and see how they effect our students’ memory retention rates. You might want to get a piece of paper and a pencil to see if you can guess the correct answers.
- 8. Effective Instructional Strategies How’d you do?
- 9. The Million Dollar Question: So now you have a classroom of diverse learners… and you know that some of our past teaching strategies are not going to be effective with them…So, the million dollar question is…
- 12. Differentiation is… And… As well as…
- 13. • All students participate in respectful work. • Teacher and students work together to ensure continual engagement & challenge for each learner. • The teacher coordinates use of time, space, and activities. • Flexible grouping, which includes whole class learning, pairs, student-selected groups, teacher- selected groups, and random groups. Principles of a Differentiated Classroom
- 14. • Time use is flexible in response to student needs. • A variety of management strategies, such as learning centers, interest centers, learning buddies, etc. is used to help target instruction to student needs. • Clearly established individual and group criteria provide guidance toward success. • Students are assessed in a variety of ways to demonstrate their own thought and growth. Principles of a Differentiated Classroom
- 15. Traditional Classroom vs. Differentiated Classroom • Differences are acted upon when problematic. • Assessment is most common at the end of learning to see “who got it” • A relatively narrow sense of intelligence prevails • Coverage of curriculum guides drives instruction • Whole class instruction dominates • A single text prevails • Differences are studied as a basis for planning. • Assessment is on-going and diagnostic to to make instruction more responsive to learner needs • Focus on multiple forms of intelligences is evident • Student readiness, interest, and learning profile shape instruction • Many instructional arrangements are used • Multiple materials are provided TRADITIONAL DIFFERENTIATED Adapted from “The Differentiated Classroom: Responding to the Needs of All Learners,” by Carol Ann Tomlinson, 1999, p.16
- 16. is a teacher’s response to learners’ needs guided by general principles of differentiation such as: respectful tasks flexible grouping ongoing assessment and adjustment ways to differentiate: Content Process Product according to students’ Readiness Interests Learning Profile Differentiation of Instruction “The Differentiated Classroom: Responding to the Needs of All Learners,” by Carol Ann Tomlinson, 1999, p. 15
- 18. Readiness- Learning Profile & Need- According to students’ Interests and Attitudes-
- 19. Tiered Lessons Flexible Grouping Think-Tac-Toe Multiple Intelligence Options Graphic Organizers Response/Exit Cards Multiple Texts Reading & Study Buddies Anchor Activities Think-Pair-Share Choices of books Interest Surveys Multiple Levels of Questioning Higher Prep Strategies Lower Prep Strategies Strategies for Differentiation Confused? Let’s break it down. Differentiation can include complex strategies, like writing tiered lesson plans, or it can take a more simplistic form, such as using reading buddies or think-pair-share strategies. Here is a condensed list of the continuum of differentiated strategies.
- 20. A Closer Look Within the next few slides, you will be introduced to a few differentiated instructional strategies such as tiered lessons, exit cards, flexible grouping, anchor activities, response cards, think-tac-toe boards, cubing, graphic organizers, and mind maps. Remember, these are just some of the many examples of differentiated instructional strategies. As you progress through your FOR-PD modules, you will also encounter classroom friendly examples of these and other differentiated strategies that you may want to implement in your classroom.
- 21. Tiered Instruction Provides teachers with a means of assigning different tasks within the same lesson or unit. The tasks will vary according to the students’: Readiness Interest Learning Profile
- 22. • ASSIGNMENTS • ACTIVITIES • HOMEWORK • CENTERS • EXPERIMENTS • MATERIALS • ASSESSMENTS • WRITING PROMPTS Content Process Product What can be Tiered?
- 23. Step 2. Planning Tiered Activities A Four Step Method Step 1.
- 25. • Initially use whole group for instruction • Divide group for practice or enrichment • Not used as a permanent arrangement • Use groups for one activity, a day, a week, etc. Flexible Grouping Flexible grouping is the cornerstone of successful differentiated instruction – Carol Ann Tomlinson Flexible grouping is an opportunity for students to work with a variety of students, through whole group or in many different forms of small groups. The key to flexible grouping is in the name…FLEXIBLE. Students have an opportunity to be in different groups depending on the activity.
- 26. • Gives students and teachers a voice in work arrangements. • Allows students to work with a variety of peers. • Keeps students from being “pegged” as advanced or struggling. How does flexible grouping benefit students?
- 27. Can be determined by: Group Membership
- 30. The Purpose of an Anchor Activity Provide meaningful work for students when they finish an assignment or project, when they first enter the class, or when they are “stumped.” Provide ongoing tasks that tie to the content and instruction Free up the classroom teacher to work with other groups of students or individuals
- 31. Exit Cards (AKA “Tickets Out The Door”) are used to gather information on student readiness levels, interests, and/or learning profiles. They can be used as quick assessments to see if the students are “getting it.” The teacher hands out index cards to students at the end of an instructional sequence or class period. The teacher asks the students to respond to a pre- determined prompt on their index cards and then turn them in as they leave the classroom or transition to another subject. The teacher reviews the student responses and separates the cards into instructional groups based on preset criteria. Exit Cards
- 32. Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Readiness Groups Exit Cards Groupings
- 33. Exit Card Samples Notice how these exit cards have been differentiated by readiness. Each student is still expected to know about similes and metaphors, but their individual questions are based on their skill level and their degree of knowledge.
- 34. After reading over my rough draft… Exit Card 3 – 2 – 1 Summarizer
- 35. Response Cards Increase participation level of all students Increase on-task behavior Provide immediate feedback Are highly motivating and fun! JUST THINK… If response cards were used instead of hand raising for just 30 minutes per day, each student would make more than 3,700 additional academic responses during the school year. Response cards are another form of quick assessment. Each student has a card and indicates their understanding of a topic by holding up the appropriate response. Response cards:
- 36. Types of Response Cards… Preprinted Student made Write-on boards VERB NOUN LAND SEA ! ? “ . TRUE FALSE EXAMPLES
- 37. Make a game board about your story. Include key events (in order) Write a new beginning or ending to the story. Use a sequence chart or timeline to describe at least 7 events. Make up a limerick or cinquain poem about the setting of your story Draw a picture describing at least 3 settings from the story. Build a miniature stage setting for your story. Name & draw a person who is like one of the characters from the book. Complete a character report card . Complete a character analysis for the main character of your story. Think-Tac-Toe Think-Tac-Toe boards give students a choice in how they demonstrate their understanding of a given topic.
- 38. Cubing
- 39. • Designed to help students think about a topic from different angles • Game-like—motivates children • Recognizes large reservoir of knowledge and skills of some learners • Satisfies hunger to do something different • Eliminates boredom and lethargy resulting from unnecessary drill and practice. • Often used to reinforce, extend or demonstrate learning Cubing
- 40. • Aides comprehension, concept development and learning • Highlights key vocabulary • Provides an organized, visual display of knowledge • Focuses attention on key elements • Helps integrate prior knowledge with new knowledge Graphic Organizers
- 41. Venn Diagram Planning Organizer Cause-Effect Graphic Organizers
- 42. Mind Mapping Teaching Planning Reviewing Assessing Notes Prewriting Reflecting Application Teachers Students Construction Colorful Symbols Key Words Arrows Steps Central Image Main Ideas Add Details Rationale Brain-Based Fun M ultiple Intelligence Creative
- 43. What else can I do? Here are some more specific strategies you can do as a teacher that will help meet the needs of ALL the students in your class. Use cassette recorders as a means for students to receive information or as a means for students to demonstrate knowledge Use graphic organizers such as flowcharts, Venn diagrams, semantic mapping, mind mapping, etc. Have students underline or highlight key words or phrases Use texts that are tailored to the students’ reading levels Use questions that are tailored to the students’ comprehension level (Bloom) Collect topic related supplementary materials such as comic books, newspaper articles, magazines, etc.
- 44. Continued… Provide word walls for students to reference while reading/writing Encourage different forms of expressing learning such as drawing, acting, poetry, etc. Use flexible grouping, peer tutoring, learning buddies, etc. Use ongoing assessment of students progress so that intervention can occur quickly (exit cards, response cards…) Use student diaries, learning logs, journals, prediction logs Shorten or lengthen assignments while still maintaining the objective of the lesson Rewrite problems using less/more complex language
- 45. • Examine Your Philosophy About Individual Student Needs • Start Small • Grow Slowly - But Grow • Envision How an Activity Will Look • Step Back and Reflect • Talk with Students Early and Often • Continue to Empower Students • Continue to be Analytical
- 46. In My Differentiated Classroom… Everyone will feel welcomed Mutual respect will be nonnegotiable Students will feel physical, mental & emotional safety There will be a pervasive expectation of growth I will teach for success A new sort of fairness will be evident and accepted We will collaborate for mutual growth and success
- 47. We are for difference, for respecting difference, for valuing difference, until difference no longer makes a difference.
- 48. • www.FloridaInclusionNetwork.com • ideanet.doe.state.in.us/exceptional/gt/tiered_curriculum/ welcome.html • www.mcps.k12.md.us/departments/eii/eiimanage practicespage.html • www.Help4teachers.com • www.teachervision.com • www.ascd.org Websites
- 49. Websites • www.quasar.ualberta.calddc/inc/difinst.htm • http://pirate/shu.edu/~collinjo/edsites/difflearn.htm • http://www.ascd.org/pdi/demo/diffinstr/tomlinson2.html • www.KaganOnline.com • www.weac.org/kids/1998-99/march99/differ.htm
- 50. How to Differentiate Instruction in Mixed-Ability Classrooms 2nd Edition By Carol Ann Tomlinson University of Virginia The Differentiated Classroom Responding to the Needs of All Learners By Carol Ann Tomlinson Resources
- 51. Differentiated Instructional Strategies: One Size Doesn’t Fit All By Gayle H. Gregory and Carolyn Chapman Differentiating Instruction for Students with Learning Disabilities By William Bender Resources