Dual Hybrid System

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 03 Issue: 01 | Jan-2016 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2016, IRJET ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal Page 183
DUAL HYBRID SYSTEM
Shailesh Ramkar1, Atish Langhee2, Devendra More3
1Bachelor of Engineering, Department of Mechanical, Y.T.I.E.T, Maharashtra, India
2Bachelor of Engineering, Department of Electronics, S.P.I.T, Maharashtra, India
3Bachelor of Engineering, Department of Mechanical, B.R.H.C.E.T, Maharashtra, India
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Abstract- For meeting challenges in today’s
globalized world many automotive companies have
been searching for technological advantages to
increase fuel millage and also to protect the
environment pollution. The present work proposes
the design of a new device to reduce CO2 emissions in
order to prevent global warming and accelerated the
development of a vehicle having integrated HHO
system with the gasoline engine for the goal of
achieving twice the fuel efficiency of conventional
vehicles. The proposed device combine two motive
power sources, such as an internal combustion engine
with HHO generator and an electric motor called as
Dual hybrid system. Although Dual hybrid system uses
an electric motor, they do not require external
charging.
There are two major phases: The first phase is
designing HHO generator which is related to
mechanical designs to supply HHO gas to engine and
second phase is to combine a gasoline engine and an
electric motor which achieves nearly twice the fuel
efficiency of conventional gasoline engines. Dual
Hybrid system uses efficiency improving technologies
such as regenerative braking which converts Vehicles
kinetic energy into electric energy for charging the
battery rather than wasting its energy. Engine torque
also increased and pollution gets reduced to
maintaining the green house effect. Reduction in fuel
use also depends upon driving conditions. The more
stop and go traffic the greater the potential for fuel
savings when used as hybrid when compared to
conventional vehicle. This is especially relevant for
city buses and delivery trucks. This paper analyze
about some of advanced hybrid system, its implication
and importance of having them in vehicle.
Key Words: Automotive industries, Gasoline engine,
1. INTODUCTION
1.1 Problem Statement
With such high demand for more efficient engines, our
mission is to design and create a device that will increase
engine efficiency without loss of its performance. Such
device is a DUAL HYBRID SYSTEM. This system uses hho
generator to produce hydrogen from water using
electrolysis; the hydrogen will be introduced into the
combustion chamber of an engine through the intake
manifold and uses a power split device which divides the
power from the engine, so the ratio of power going
directly to the wheels and to the generator is continuously
variable. Since the motor can run on this electric power as
it is generated.
Fig -1: Dual Hybrid System
It has two motors, and depending on the driving conditions,
uses only the electric motor or the driving power from both
the electric motor and the engine, in order to achieve the
highest efficiency level. Furthermore, when necessary, the
system drives the wheels while simultaneously generating
electricity using a generator. Although hybrid systems use an
electric motor, they do not require external charging, as do
electric vehicles.

1.2 Project Objectives
1. Design and build a practical and economical way to
increase engine efficiency in combustion engines.
2. Build HHO generator that splits waters molecules, using
the process of electrolysis. A mixture of hydrogen and
oxygen gas, also known as HHO gas.
Fig -2: HHO Block Diagram
The process of electrolysis works with an electrical
power source that is connected to two electrodes that are
made out of typical metal (such as stainless steel, platinum
or, titanium), which are submerged in water enhanced
with electrolytes. Hydrogen will be produced at the
negatively charged electrode (cathode), while oxygen will
be produced at the positively charged electrode (anode).
The chosen design will be a wet cell system. The stainless
steel tubes with a negative charge will be connected to the
negative pole of the battery and the positive will be
connected to a relay, this will give an on/off control of the
system while the car is driven. The HHO gas will go into
the engine through the air intake, the output gas of the
generator cannot be connected directly to the air intake
manifold of the car. For safety reasons is important to use
an apparatus called bubbler between the HHO generator
and the intake of the car as shown in the figure below. The
bubbler will help us avoid any condensed leftover liquid to
get into the engine, as well as any back fire from the
engine to enter our generator, this could cause an
explosion.
Fig -3: Bubbler
3. Hybrid system configuration: The system consists of
two kinds of motive power sources, i.e., a high-efficiency
gasoline engine and AC synchronous motor along with a
generator, battery and a power control unit. This power
control unit contains a high-voltage power circuit for
raising the voltage of the power supply system for the
motor and the generator, in addition to an AC-DC inverter
for converting between the AC current from the motor and
the generator and the DC current from the hybrid battery.
Other key components include a power split device, which
transmits the mechanical motive forces from the engine,
the motor and the generator by allocating and combining
them. The power control unit precisely controls these
components at high speeds to enable them to
cooperatively work at high efficiency.
A regenerative braking system is used which, during
engine braking and braking using the foot brake, operates
the electric motor as a generator, converting the vehicles
kinetic energy into electrical energy, which is used to
charge the battery.
Fig -4: System Configuration

2. SYSTEM OPERATION
1. Start and low to mid-range speeds:
The engine stops when in an inefficient range, such as at
start-up and in low to mid-range speeds. The vehicle runs
on the motor alone.
2. Driving under normal conditions:
Engine power is divided by the power split device. Some
of the power turns the generator, which in turn drives the
motor.
The rest of the power drives the wheels directly. Power
allocation is controlled to maximize efficiency.
3. Sudden acceleration:
Extra power is supplied from the battery, while the
engine and high-output motor provide smooth response
for improved acceleration characteristics.
4. Deceleration, braking:
The high-output motor acts as a high-output generator,
driven by the vehicles wheels. This regenerative braking
system recovers kinetic energy as electrical energy, which
is stored in the high-performance battery.
5. Battery recharging:
Battery level is managed to maintain sufficient reserves.
The engine drives the generator to recharge the battery
when necessary.
6. At rest:
The engine stops automatically.
3. CHARACTERISTICS OF DUAL HYBRID SYSTEM
1. INCREASE IN MILEAGE:
Burning of hydrogen with gasoline results in increase of
fuel mileage with less emission of CO2.
2. ENERGY-LOSS REDUCTION:
The system automatically stops the idling of the engine
(idling stop), thus reducing the energy that would
normally be wasted.
3. ENERGY RECOVERY AND REUSE:
The energy that would normally be wasted as heat
during deceleration and braking is recovered as electrical
energy, which is then used to power the starter and the electric
motor.
4. MOTOR ASSIST:
The electric motor assists the engine during
acceleration.
5. HIGH-EFFICIENCY OPERATION CONTROL:
The system maximizes the vehicles overall efficiency by
using the electric motor to run the vehicle under operating
conditions in which the engines efficiency is low and by
generating electricity under operating conditions in which
the engines efficiency is high.
The series/parallel hybrid system has all of these
characteristics and therefore provides both superior fuel
efficiency and driving performance.
4. COMPONENTS
1. HHO Generator
The HHO Generator the Brown gas generator uses
electrolysis to split water (H2O) into its base molecules, 2
hydrogen and 1 oxygen molecule. It is often referred to as
an HHO gas generator. The HHO in itself is not an
alternative to gasoline but an additive to boost the
efficiency of the engine.
2. Pulse Width Modulator
The pulse width modulator is necessary for a controlled
electrolysis.
3. EFIE
The Electronic Fuel Injection Enhancer is intercepting
signals from the oxygen sensor to the computer and fools
the computer by giving it false exhaust readings from the
Oxygen sensor. This is necessary because the computer is
set up for a regular burn of fuel and compensates for the
more efficient and cleaner burn by dumping more gasoline
into the engine which ruins your fuel savings.
4. Generators
The generator is similar to an electric motor, but it acts
only to produce electrical power.
5. Electric Motor
Advanced electronics allow it to act as a motor as well

as a generator For example, when it needs to, it can draw
energy from the batteries to accelerate the car. But acting
as a generator, it can slow the car down and return energy
to the batteries.
6. Power Control Unit
The power control unit contains an inverter that
converts the DC from the battery into an AC for driving the
motor and a DC/DC converter for conversion to 12V which
is then supply to HHO generator.
5. SAFETY CONSIDERATION
1. Using hydrogen as a fuel supplement for
combustion engines in cars introduces certain
potential safety hazards for consumers.
Hydrogen is an odorless, tasteless, colorless,
and highly flammable gas. In comparison with
gasoline, hydrogen has higher flammability.
Storage of hydrogen gas under high pressure
introduces hazards to nearby personnel in the
event of a loss of containment from material
failure, so therefore choosing the correct
materials is the key to properly maintain the
tolerance required. Hydrogen is a flammable
substance that requires care and should be
handled with care. Tests and installation of
the generator will be conducted in a safe
place with no flames or flammable materials
around.
2. When the ignition button is pressed, the
system checks whether or not various
sensors, the engine, the motor, the generator
and the battery are functioning normally.
Then, the switches for the components in the
high-voltage system, such as the motor, the
generator and the battery, are turned on,
making the vehicle ready to run. This is the
start-up control sequence.
6. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
1. Pollution
Since the industrial revolution started, the environment
has experienced some changes which are irreversible. All
the exhaust gasses emitted by factories, coal power plants,
airplanes, vehicles, etc. are heating up the planet and are
causing the polar caps to melt. Such phenomenon is
changing the global temperature of the planet. We have to
look for ways to reduce these emissions and to try to slow
Global Warming and stop the ozone layer from depleting
thus by implementing HHO will help the environment by
consuming less gasoline and they will also emit less
harmful gasses.
2. Fuel Consumption
Has achieved higher efficiency by controlling startup
and stop mechanism of engine which result in less fuel
consumption Reproducing waste energy (i.e. regenerative
braking)
3. Noises
Reduced noise emissions resulting from substantial use
of the electric motor at idling and low speeds, leading to
roadway noise reduction in comparison to conventional
gasoline or diesel powered engine vehicles, resulting in
beneficial noise health effects.
7. CONCLUSIONS
Dual hybrid technology for both light and heavy duty
applications is commercially available today and
demonstrates substantial reductions in tail-pipe emissions
and fuel consumption, even when compared to other
available low emission technologies. Dual hybrid is
particularly effective for urban travel, significantly
lowering pollutant emissions and providing cost effective
CO2 reductions in personal mobility. Encouraging
hybridization of vehicle fleets through enabling policies
and incentive structures can serve to lower both
conventional and CO2 emission thus improving public
health, energy security, and reducing fuel costs.
Continuing innovation in hybrid technology and a growing
demand for cleaner vehicles will mean that costs are like
to fall, particularly in second hand vehicle markets
REFERENCES
[1] NASA Technical Note, May 1977, Emissions and Total
Energy Consumption of a Multicylinder Piston Engine
Running on Gasoline and a Hydrogen Gasoline
Mixture (Accessed 2008-08-08)

[2] Mathur H.B., Das L.M. (1991). Performance
characteristics of a Hydrogen Fueled SI Engine using
Timed Manifold Injection.Int. J. Hydrogen Energy (vol
16, pp. 115117, 1991)
[3] Ronald K. Jrgen Electric and Hybrid-Electric Vehicles
- Engines and Powertrains , SAE International
BIOGRAPHIES
Ramkar Shailesh Prabhakar,
Mechanical Engineer,
Yadavrao Tasgaonkar Institute of
Engineering and Technology,
Mumbai University.
Langhee Atish Jaywant,
Electronics Engineer,
Sardar Patel Institute of
Technology, Mumbai University.
More Devendra Shivaji
Mechanical Engineer,
B. R. Harne college of engineering
and Technology, Mumbai
University.

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