effective disaster management by efficient usage of resources

International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science (IJAEMS) [Vol-2, Issue-12, Dec- 2016]
Infogain Publication (Infogainpublication.com) ISSN : 2454-1311
www.ijaems.com Page | 2122
Effective Disaster Management by Efficient
Usage of Resources
Rajesh Sharma R1
, Akey Sungheetha2
, D Kavitha3
, P Anitha4
, Sreeja G5
1,3,4,5
Department of Information Technology, Hindusthan College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, India.
2
Department of Information Technology, Karpagam College of Engineering, Coimbatore, India.
Abstract—Disaster Management can be merely defined
as the organization and management of resources and
responsibilities for dealing with all humanitarian aspects
of crises, in specific preparedness, rejoinder and
recapture in order to diminish the influence of disasters.
But the affects of the disaster increases only when the
information about the disaster is unknown and when the
resources for the disaster management is not correctly
used. Now there are several methods for forecast the
disaster, But there are no any effective methods for
handling the resources needed for both managing the
disaster and also for rehabilitation purpose. Thus this
paper proposes an application used for managing the
disaster and handling the rehabilitation process. This
application which deals with almost all the resources
those are required for the management of disaster. This
proposed application which is based on java
programming language. This project also has a great
scope of enhancement in future.
Keywords—Humanitarian aspects, rehabilitation,
response and recovery.
I. INTRODUCTION
A disaster is a serious distraction of the working of a
community or a civilization involving widespread human,
physical, economic or environmental losses and
influences, which exceeds the ability of the affected
community or society to cope using its own resources.
Developing countries suffer the utmost costs when a
disaster hits – more than 90 percent of all deaths caused
by hazards occur in emerging countries, and losses due to
natural disasters are 20 times greater ( Gross Domestic
Product in form of proportion) in developing countries
than in developed countries. The research was targeted to
natural disasters such as: slides, floods, tsunami,
earthquakes, volcanic outbreaks, and landslides, rocks
tumbling down, drought, dams rupture, forest fires, wind
storms, cyclones. In order to avoid, or decrease
considerable losses to a business, emergency managers
should work to recognize and anticipate potential risks,
hopefully decreasing their chance of occurring.
In the event that an emergency does occur, managers
should have a plan prepared to mitigate the effects of that
emergency, as well as to ensure the Business
Continuousness of critical operations post-incident. It is
essential for an organization to include procedures for
determining whether an emergency situation has occurred
and at what point an emergency management plan should
be triggered. The first step for ensuring the security and
justifiable development is to know about the disasters and
its affects. Big natural disasters that are from a viewpoint
of the protection and development of a human and its
protected resources the most significant are not evenly
placed in the world and they do not even occur regularly
in certain areas nor evenly in time. Therefore, the basic
questions connected with safety management are: -
[AlexCruden, 2015/03/17]
• Why and where do disasters occur?
• Is it possible to control disasters at least in the
sense of a directive of their occurrence?
Form these questions we are able to know the nature
and potentials to happening disasters. The disaster prone
areas should be in incessant investigation. With climate
change and the potential for an increasing frequency of
natural disasters around the world, it is expected that there
will be increasing impact on the health of populations.
II. AFFECTS OF DISASTERS
The main affects of disasters are loss of life and property.
There are thousands of people losses their life and a huge
economic loss.
According to 2014 report and survey of United States of
America, since 2010, 4.3 billon people have been affected
by disasters, which claimed 1.3 million lives and cost $2
trillion in economic losses. Thus the management of
disaster and handling of the disaster resources are very
important in order to reduce the loss of life and property.

Fig.1: loss of life and property due to disaster around the world.
2.1 Management of disaster
Planned steps taken to minimize the effects of a disaster,
and to be able to proceed to business continuitystage. The
management of disaster which include:
• Disaster Anticipation
• Disaster Preparedness
• Disaster relief
• Disaster recovery
If these are managed and planned properly then the affects
of the disaster can be reduced to the greater extent.The
management of disaster also includes the management of
resources such as [Alan Bates, 21/03/2015]:
• Troop management
• Transportation management
• Route management
• Database management
• Arms management
• Medical support management
III. EXISTING METHOD
3.1 Pre-incident training and testing
Emergency management plans and events should include
the identification of appropriately trained staff members
responsible for decision-making when an emergency
occurs. Training plans should contain internal people,
contractors and civil protection partners, and should state
the nature and frequency of training and testing. Testing of
a plan's effectiveness should occur regularly[Jaffin, Bob,
17, 2008].
3.2 Communicating and incident assessment
Communication is one of the key issues during any
emergency, pre-planning of communications is serious.
Miscommunication can easily result in emergency events
escalating unnecessarily.
3.3 Mitigation
Personal mitigation is a key to national preparedness.
Individuals and families train to avoid unnecessary risks.
This includes acalculation of possible risks to
personal/family health and to personal property, and steps
taken to minimalize the effects of a disaster, or
acquireassurance to protect them against effects of a
disaster.
3.4 Preparedness
Preparedness focuses on preparing required equipments
and events for use when a disaster occurs. This equipment
and these procedures can be used to reduce susceptibility
to disaster, to mitigate the impacts of a disaster or to
respond more efficiently in an emergency[Buchanan,
Sally, 2000].
3.5 Preparedness measures
Preparedness measures can take many forms ranging from
concentrating on individual people, locations or
occurrences to broader, government-based "all hazard"
planning. There are a number of preparedness stages
between "all hazard' and individual planning, generally
involving some combination of both mitigation and
response planning. Business continuity planning
encourages businesses to have a Disaster Recovery Plan.
IV. DISADVANTAGES OF EXISTING SYSTEM
• Scarcity of resources for correct handling of
disasters.
• Allocation of medical supports, troops, arms
according to the effectiveness of the disasters is
not that effective.
• The history of the disaster affected area is
unknown.
• The geographical areas and easy routing to the
affected area is unknown.
• The history and the details of the troop is not
noted effectively.

V. EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES
5.1 GIS and Remote Sensing in Disaster
Management
Remote sensing is the measurement or attainment of
information about an object or phenomenon by a recording
device that is not in physical or intimate contact with the
object. In practice, remote sensing is the remote utilization
(As from aircraft, spacecraft, satellite or ship) of any
device for congregation information about the
environment.
Thus, an aircraft taking photographs, earth observation and
weather satellites, monitoring of a geographical area is
important. In modern usage, the term generally refers to
techniques involving the use of instruments aboard aircraft
and spacecraft [University of pune,07/07/2015].
5.2 Raspberry PI
Raspberry pi which is a hardware which is used in sensor
technology, used in American army for disaster
management. The raspberry pi which is highly used in
sensing the geographical areas. The raspberry uses the
JAVA technology in it. The disadvantage of raspberry pi is
the it is highly expensive [S.Prasad,2012].
Fig.2: Image of Raspberry pi
VI. PROPOSED METHODS
The proposed method which is a JAVA based application.
The application which accepts the input from the sensors
and then responds according to the range of the sensor
values i.e. the effectiveness of the disaster. For example,
GPS sensors system which is mainly used along with the
smart phone technology.
This proposed method which is mainly used avoid the
excessive cost to implement the usage of sensors along
with the JAVA programming language i.e. the usage of
RASPBERRY PI, the manual inputting method can be
used. Therefore we can use the devices which detect the
disaster and its measurements are taken and it is given as
input to the java application. For example, Seismometers
are instruments that measure motion of the ground,
including those of seismic waves generated by
earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and other seismic sources.
Records of seismic waves allow seismologists to map the
interior of the Earth, and locate and measure the size of
these different sources. Thus the seismometer value is
given as the input to application and then all the resources
can be calculated according to the input value, similarly
the area of disaster affected is also given as the input to the
application in order to know the population, history,
geographical conditions, government, administration etc..
Then according to the range of values the application gives
us the resources to be managed and handled. Resources
that are managed by the proposed application are:
6.1 Troop Management
According to the range i.e. the effectiveness of the disaster
the troop that is to be used for the rescue operation is
calculated. This is used to accurately calculate the troop
members needed for the rescue operation according to the
population of the affected people.
6.2 Medical Support
This component also entails of all the details of the
hospitals and the medical support that are available across
the disaster affected area. This gives the details about the
doctors, causalities available, special facilities in the
hospitals etc.
6.3 Arms Management
This method also consists of the module to manage the
arms that are required for the rescue operation. The arms
are allocated according to the troop members and the
effectiveness of the disaster occurred in the particular area.
6.4 Rehabilitation Resources Management
This method deals with the module that is used to manage
the resources that are required for the rehabilitation
purpose. The resources include the food, sheltering
materials, basic medical support according to the
population and effectiveness of the disasters.
6.5 Maintaining the History
The method also facilitates to maintain the history of the
previous history of the troop, the person who lead the
group, the success rates of the troop, failure rates, area
they are served in, total members of the troop, level of
arms used by the troop during previous rescue operations,
loss of life etc., are maintain in order to select the best
rescue team for the disaster.
6.6 Maintaining the History of the Disaster Effected
Areas
This method deals with the history and geographical status
and condition of the disaster affected areas. This is very
much used in effectively handling the disaster. It also
contains the details of population of the particular area.
The area that can be selected by the user. The frequently
affected areas are maintained with more details.
6.7 Efficient Routing System
The method which also consists of the GPS maps in order
to accurately follow the correct route to the disaster
affected area. It also shows the shortest path to safely
reach the affected area. This helps to timing recovery of

people to reduce the affect of the disaster. For example, the
area affected by landslides, many of the roads is blocked,
so this GPS map system used to direct the shortest path to
reach the disaster affected place. Akey & Sharma
introduced efficient gene selection approaches for
selecting rout.
Fig.3: Image of GPS map routing
6.8 Satellite Images
This proposed method also has the storage of satellite
images. These satellite images which are used to determine
the geographical conditions of the particular area. It also
contains the collection of images of previous disasters
occurred in that particular area.
Fig.4: Satellite image of an island during disaster
VII. ADAVANTAGES OF THE PROPOSED
METHOD
• Accurate details of resources are calculated, thus
there is on any scarcity of resources.
• All the affected areas are identified, thus troop can
reach to each and every part of the affected region.
• This method is much cost effective than the existing
methods of managing the disasters.
• Satellite images are used for efficiently handling
the disaster.
• This also facilitates to maintain and know about the
history of previous disaster areas and troops
involved in the rescue operation.
VIII. FUTURE ENHANCEMENT
Usage of Raspberry can be included in this application for
better results. The raspberry pi may reduce manual
interventions. The additional resources management can
be added according to the future needs and requirements.
The details of all forms of armed forces, disaster
specialized forces, defense forces can be included for
better management of disaster. The security should be
ensured to secure the details of all the resources.
IX. CONCLUSION
Disasters are the events that have a huge impact on human
and environment. Disaster are something which cannot be
prevented but the disaster preparedness is in our hand.
Disaster management which includes the government
intervention and proper planning that includes the funding.
This management application provides the opportunity to
plan for, prevent and lessen the impact of disaster. The
worst affect can be completely or partially by preparation,
early warning and allocation of resources according to the
need.
The government or the state community has to manage this
disaster, thus this above proposed application which can be
used to manage and know about various resources
including the very important troops, transportation, arms
etc., According to the effectiveness of the disasters. This
also helps us to maintain the history of the disaster in that
particular area and also to know the details of the troops.
Thus we are able to calculate the success rate of the rescue
operation. Thus implementation of this application which
helps to efficiently handle and manage the disaster and
rehabilitation works.
REFERENCES
[1] AlexCruden”Changes for document Disaster
Management“,http://www.wcpt.org/disaster-
management/what-is-disaster
managementhttp://www.wcpt.org/disaster-
management/what-is-disaster-management,
2015/03/17.
[2] Alan Bates “Need to address the disaster
management”,http://www.wcpt.org/disaster-
management/the-need-to-address-disaster-
management,21/03/2013.
[3] Buchanan, Sally. "Emergency preparedness." from
Paul Banks and Roberta Pilette. Preservation Issues
and Planning. Chicago: American Library
Association, 2000. Pp-159–165.
[4] S.Prasad.”Disaster Management UsingRaspberrypi”
https://www.google.co.in
/search?biw=1366&bih=673&tbm=isch&sa=1&btn
G=Search&q=raspberrypi,2012.
[5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIS_and_RS_(Univer
sity_of_Pune), 07/07/2015.

[6] McElreath, David; Doss, Daniel; Jensen, Carl;
Wigginton, Michael; Nations, Robert; Van Slyke,
Jeffrey; Nations, Julie (2014). Foundations of
Emergency Management (1st Ed.). Dubuque, IA:
Kendall-Hunt Publishing Company. p. 25.
[7] Jaffin, Bob (September 17, 2008). "Emergency
Management Training: How to Find the Right
Program". Emergency Management Magazine.
Retrieved 2008-11-15.
[8] Akey Sungheetha and R. Rajesh Sharma “Extreme
Learning Machine and Fuzzy K-Nearest Neighbour
Based Hybrid Gene Selection Technique for Cancer
Classification” Journal of Medical Imaging and
Health Informatics, 2016, 7 pp 1652–1656.

effective disaster management by efficient usage of resources

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