E-learning in Commonwealth Asian Countries 47 slides ppt
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The document reviews the status and challenges of e-learning in Commonwealth Asian countries, focusing on policy initiatives, management of activities, and the role of various educational stakeholders. Key findings include a significant adoption of blended learning approaches, with teachers being the primary users of e-learning tools and systems. Additionally, there are insights on quality assurance mechanisms, copyright issues related to e-content, and the types of technologies employed in e-learning environments.
E-learning in Commonwealth Asian Countries 47 slides ppt
- 1. By S K Pulist, Ph D Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi, INDIA
- 2. eLearning • completely online, • blended learning (mix of face-to-face and online), and • use of online tools as supplementary to face-to- face for some activities. 2
- 3. How is eLearning doing? How are different activities managed? What are the challenges and opportunities? 3
- 4. Commonwealth Asian countries • • • • • • • • Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, India, Malaysia, Maldives, Pakistan, Singapore and Sri Lanka 4
- 5. To compile eLearning country profile; To review growth and development of eLearning programmes; To identify nature of programmes offered through eLearning; To identify the policy initiatives 5
- 6. To identify the eLearning policy for people with disabilities; To find out the measures to maintain quality; and To analyse use of technologies and pedagogical practices. 6
- 7. Online Survey (7600) Responses Received = 221 Relevant Responses = 211 Descriptive analysis and interpretation Secondary Data: Reports, Websites, articles 7
- 8. Focus on Commonwealth Asian Countries No response from Brunei Email - only channel of contact Not good response (221/7600-2.7%) Limitation of data which has been analysed 8
- 9. Respondents Malaysia (52%) India (25%) Pakistan (14%) 3% 3% 2% 1% Malaysia 14% India Pakistan 52% 25% Maldives Bangladesh Singapore Sri Lanka 9
- 10. Major Roles performed Teachers (76%) eContent Developers (32%) System Administrators (16%) 76% 32% 1% As Camp us Mana… 9% Others 1% Facult y Develo per eLearn ing system admi… eConte nt devel… 2% Coordi nator 16% Teach er 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 10
- 11. Programme Disciplines Social Sciences (24.1%) Sciences (13.3%) Engg. & Technology (10.3%) 8.4% 3.0% 21.2% Social Sciences Sciences 8.9% Engineering and Technology Medicine and Health Humanities 9.4% Commerce and Management 24.1% Agriculture Others 10.3% 13.3% 11
- 12. eLearning used for Blended mode (50.4%) Face-to-face (26.5%) Completely online (23.1%) 60.0% 50.4% 50.0% Completely online 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 23.1% 26.5% Blended mode (mix of faceto-face and online components) Face-to-face with some online components 0.0% 12
- 13. Adoption of eLearning Policy Yes (54.1%) No. (20.7%) Not Sure (25.2%) Not sure; 25.2% Yes; 54.1% No; 20.7% 13
- 14. Others Research and development Training and staff development Quality assurance Incentive/appreciation Content development Copyright /Licensing Ethical issues Assessment Management 4.4% 45.6% 64.7% 50.0% 23.5% 61.8% 45.6% 36.8% 58.8% 63.2% 47.1% 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% Governance eL Policy Provisions Trg & Development (64.7%) eL Management (63.2%) Content Development (61.8%) 14
- 15. eL Policy implementation Through specific Unit (91%) Centralised budget (80%) Autonomy (66%) 100% 91% 90% 80% 80% 66% 70% No Yes 60% 50% 40% 34% 30% 20% 10% 20% 9% 0% The e-learning policy is implemented through a Specified Unit The policy provides for autonomy to all Units to manage their programmes The budget for e-learning activities is centralised 15
- 16. 8% 7% 6% Software procurement/… Training programmes 91% 67% 33% 14% 9% 80% 85% 20% 15% Maintenance/troub leshooting 86% Revision of econtent 94% e-Content development/… 93% System development/… 92% Research and development 94% Consultancy service charges 6% Hardware procurement/… 120% 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Physical infrastructure… eL Budget provides for Training & Dev (94%) Infrastructural purchases (94%) Software (93%) 96% No Yes 4% 16
- 17. Copyright over eContent Institutions (67.3%) Faculty/developer (10.2%) Joint Copyright (9.2%) 8.2% 5.1% Institution 9.2% Individual Shared/joint 10.2% 67.3% e-content is released under OER license Others 17
- 18. OER Policy Not sure (61.2%) No OER Policy (20%) No rights reserved (5.9%) OER Policy adopted (3.6% 1.2% 9.4% Not sure 2.4% No OER Policy adopted yet 5.9% No rights reserved CC-BY 20% 61.2% CC-BY-NC-ND Others 18
- 19. Policy on Differently abled Yes (28% No (35%) Not Sure (35%) Not sure; 35% Yes; 28% No; 37% 19
- 20. Programme QA Through committees (31.7%) Individual Units (22.8%) Set quality indictors (19.8%) 7.9% 31.7% 12.9% Advisory/Monitoring Body/Committee is appointed Some outside agency is engaged to monitor this aspect Quality indicators are set and individuals maintain them Individual functional e-learning units have their own standards No such activity is undertaken 22.8% 5.0% Others 19.8% 20
- 21. eContent QA Individual teachers (40%) Quality Control Unit (28.4%) Quality Assurance Group (18.9%) 40.0% 35.0% 30.0% 25.0% 20.0% 15.0% 10.0% 5.0% 0.0% 37.9% Quality control unit 28.4% 18.9% Quality assurance group 9.5% 5.3% Individuals are responsible No mechanism Others 21
- 22. Coordination of eL activities Designated unit (36.1%) Central committee (30.9%) Functional unit (26.8%) 6.2% 30.9% 26.8% 36.1% Coordinated through a central committee/body Specified unit coordinates the e-learning activities All eLearning functional units are responsibility Others 22
- 23. Widely used LMS Moodle (46.2%) Own LMS (9.9%) Not Sure (13.2%) 8.8% Moodle 13.2% Inhouse developed Blackboard 2.2% 46.2% WebStudy ATutor 3.3% iFolio 3.3% Clarolin 5.5% Not sure Others 7.7% 9.9% 23
- 24. 100.0% 90.0% 80.0% 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% Others 37.8% Search tools (like search engines, etc) 54.4% Teaching/ presentation tools (like… 68.9% e-Content / files uploading tools (like server, video… 42.2% Editing tools (like screen capture, flash… Assessment tools (like quiz makers, rubrics, et… 56.7% Calendar 58.9% News and Social Forums Administrative tools (like databases, payme… 60.0% Student collaborative tools (like Wiki, google… Navigation tools (like buttons, pointers, ico ns, URL, mind… Communication tools (like chat, email, instant… LMS tools used Communication tools (86.7%) Assessment tools (68.9%) Content uploading tools (68.9%) 86.7% 68.9% 54.4% 37.8% 7.8% 24
- 25. Place to access LMS Home (84.6%) Computer Lab (78%) Access points (31.9%) 90.0% 80.0% 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% 78% 84.6% 31.9% 17.6% Computer laboratories on the Campus Home Designated TeleLearning Centres/Hot Spots/Access Points Others 25
- 26. Field visits Working projects Assignments Group discussion Quizzes Simulations Video/audio programmes 1% 1% 2% 4% 26% 17% 19% 66% 57% 42% 57% 50% 48% 80% 69% 63% 48% 49% 33% 49% 44% 31% 19% 12% 5% 7% 3% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% e-Content available on the LMS Printed reading material Components of ID Assignments (80%) Projects (57%) Quizzes (49%) None Optional Compulsory 26
- 27. Video Conferencing tool Skype (41%) Adobe Connect (18.8%) Google+/Hangout (16.7%) 45.0% 41.7% 40.0% 35.0% 29.2% 30.0% 25.0% 20.0% 18.8% 16.7% 15.0% 10.4% 10.0% 12.5% 4.2% 5.0% 0.0% Skype Google+ /Handouts Google Open Meeting WizIQ Adobe Connect A-VIEW Others 27
- 28. Dissemination of eContent Through LMS (77%) Through Web (61%) Printed books (57%) 90% 80% 77% 70% 61% 60% 57% 50% 41% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Learning Management System Downloadable from web Printed books USB/Pen drive/CD 28
- 29. C0mmon file format pdf (88.3%) ppt (67%) doc (56.4%) 100.0% 90.0% 80.0% 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% 88.3% 67.0% 56.4% 21.3% 2.1% pdf ppt doc xls 5.3% odf Others 29
- 30. Multi-media file format mpeg (52.6%) mp3 (42.1%) wmv (39.5%) 60.0% 52.6% 50.0% 42.1% 40.0% 39.5% 34.2% 27.6% 30.0% 20.0% 6.6% 10.0% 0.0% mpeg mp3 wmv mp4 avi Others 30
- 31. Image file format jpeg (86.3%) gif (35%) png (21.3%) 100.0% 86.3% 80.0% 60.0% 35.0% 40.0% 20.0% 21.3% 16.3% 5.0% 0.0% tiff gif jpeg png Others 31
- 32. Streaming file format flv (47.5%) wmv (45.9%) swf (29.5%) 50.0% 45.0% 40.0% 35.0% 30.0% 25.0% 20.0% 15.0% 10.0% 5.0% 0.0% 47.5% 45.9% 29.5% 18% 11.5% 6.6% 6.6% 1.6% swf flv asf 1.6% rm wmv wma mov ogg Others 32
- 33. 17.8% 3.3% Others Activity is completely outsourced Students (their work is shared as part of case studies or in any other form) 25.6% e-learning management system administrators Institutional Teachers 90.0% 80.0% 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% Outside content developers Source of eContent Dev In-house teachers (77.8%) System Administrators (33.3%) External developers (25.6%) 77.8% 33.3% 10.0% 33
- 34. Authoring tools MS PowerPoint (22.2%) Camtasia Studio (15.6%) Flash (13.3%) 66.7% 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 22.2% 20.0% 15.6%13.3% 10.0% 8.9% 8.9% 6.7% 6.7% 6.7% 8.9% 4.4% 4.4% 4.4% 4.4% Others No idea Raptivity Moodle interface Hot potatoes Dreamweav er Office HTML Articulate Word Captivate Flash Camtasia PowerPoint 0.0% 34
- 35. eContent development Team Subject experts (88.1%) Authoring expert (52.4%) Educational Technologist (50%) 88.1% 42.9% 42.9% 50% Simulation/a nimation experts Educational technologist Graphic designer Language editor Authoring expert 21.4% 10.7% Others 52.4% Subject expert 100.0% 90.0% 80.0% 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% 35
- 36. 13.8% 7.5% 5.0% Other 12.5% Some money put at the disposal for discretionary use Preference given in other development… Purchase of additional books 27.5% Preference given in career advancement… 27.5% No provision of special incentive/appre… 33.8% Monetary incentive Weightage in performance appraisal 50.0% 45.0% 40.0% 35.0% 30.0% 25.0% 20.0% 15.0% 10.0% 5.0% 0.0% Appreciation letter/ award Form of appreciation Appreciation letter (45%) Weightage in Appraisal (33.8%) Monetary incentive (27.5%) No provision (27.5%) 45.0% 23.8% 36
- 37. Formative/Summative Eval Only Summative (18%) Only Formative (14%) Both (68%) 100% 85% 82% 68% 50% 0% Summative Summative Formative Formative Both Both 37
- 38. Evaluation System Continuous Eval through LMS (83%) Term end Exam through LMS (64%) Paper based continuous Eval (78%) Paper based Term end Exam (83%) 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 83% 83% 78% 64% No 36% 17% Continuous evaluation through LMS Yes 22% Term End Examinations through LMS Paper based Continuous evaluation 17% Paper based Term End Examination 38
- 39. Eval system components Multi Choice questions (92%) Short answer questions (84%) Essay type questions (73%) All the above (38%) 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 92% 84% 73% 62% 38% 27% 8% Multi-choice questions No Yes 16% Short answer questions Essay type questions All types 39
- 40. Evaluation tools Written assignments (92%) Projects (87%) Quizzes (71%) 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 92% 87% 71% 63% 36% 43% 47% 6% Written assignments Projects Quizzes Term Paper Online presentation Field work Audio/Video Presentations Others 40
- 41. Emphasis on eLearning (78.8%) User friendly LMS (65%) Emergence of eL culture (58.8%) Motivated faculty and staff (55%) Increasing interest in eL(47.5%) Availability of eContent (46.3%) Optimal technical support (45%) 41
- 42. Workload on teachers (56.1%) Lack of training (41.5%) Financial constraints (40.2%) Inadequate facilities (39%) Non-tech savvy persons (37.8%) Much involvement in F2F(34.1%) Lack of relevant content (34.1%) Lack of incentive (32.9%) 42
- 43. More eLearning programmes (80%) Diversification of eL programs (56.3%) Updating LMS (56.3%) Integration of social media (55%) Use of mobile technology (53.8%) Intelligent tutoring (38.8%) Geographical expansion of eL (37.5%) New eL support centres (36.3%) 43
- 44. eLearning on moving trend Lot of challenges Offered in blended mode Strong case for fully online programmes 44
- 45. Explore online programmes Need to create awareness Efforts for inclusive growth Development of quality parameters Ensure parity/mobility in online programmes 45
- 46. Commonwealth Educational Media Centre for Asia (CEMCA), COL, New Delhi (INDIA) 46
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