Electric vehicle charging information. by linkvue system

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High Energy Storage and Advantage to GRID Health page-1
Energy arbitrage
Energy generation is very expensive, and storing it can both increases the efficiency of a system and optimize it economically.Storage of energy when the price of
energy is less and selling energy during peak hours when electricity is expensive is the key goal of the application. In renewable energy systems, the application also
stores energy when the amount generated exceeds demand and inject power during shortages.
Peak shaving
The principle of peak shaving is quite similar to energy arbitrage.The difference is that peak shaving is installed to cover the peak load, and does not have an economic
target, as energy arbitrage does [24]. The application helps to improve the system design, based on a normal capacity and supporting the peak demand through the
ESS. The peak shaving application is usually installed at the consumer, whereas energy arbitrage is used on the supply side
Load following
Compared to generation types, ESS have a quick response to variation in load [26]. Since the load can undergo frequent changes,energy storage is more suitable for
load-following applications. In this application, the esponsibility of energy storage system is to maintain a balance between the generation part and the load Another
reason for supporting load changes using energy storage is so that the system can cover both sides of the variations, following the load both up and down .
Spinning reserve
Tthe spinning reserve is a part of the capacity of the source that is not used during normal operation. However, the source can cover a power shortage in the system
by injecting reserved power for specific period. Indeed, the power
shortage thus is covered by sources operating in this extra operations mode. Since power generation must continue until the backup system reaches its nominal
value,the storage system in this application must be able to discharge over a long time (at least 1 h).
Voltage support
Stability is a significant aspect of the power system, and it can be achieved by maintaining the voltage within the permissible limits. As discussed in [30] the
management of reactive power is a requirement for achieving this, and can regulate accurately with an ESS as a voltage support resource. As reactive power, cannot
reasonably be transferred over long distances, a voltage support application is used locally to manage the problem

High Energy Storage and Advantage to GRID Health page-2
Black start
Unexpected events can lead to interruptions in power throughout the whole system or in a single part [31]. The result of this may be a black out,
compromising the stability of the system The system is restored through a process called a black start, the responsibilities of which are power
management, voltage control, and balancing. In this application, the energy storage system generates active power that can be used for energizing
distribution lines or as start-up power for large power plants [
Frequency regulation
Frequency regulation is crucial in power systems for dealing with the many small variations that occur. The energy storage system in a frequency regulator
serves power systems by correcting the frequency deviations to within the permissible limits [34–36]. The frequency regulation is of three types: primary,
secondary, and tertiary. The function of the primary reserve control is to create a balance between generation and demand and to restore the frequency
within 5–30 s for the generator control [37,38]. The secondary reserve serves two purposes: it serves as abackup for primary regulation and ensures that
the frequency is set to 50 Hz, while also avoiding any imbalance in the interconnection. This control level reacts to the primary control reserves for 5–15
min, and should then be ready for frequency correction within the permitted limits [38,39]. In the last level, tertiary control has the same objective as the
secondary thus helping to keep the system synchronized. This control level is operated manually, and should reach its target in 1–60 min
Power quality
There are some variations in generation and in energy sources, especially when it comes to Renewable energy systems (RESs), which are dependent on
environmental conditions [40,41]. Indeed, the fluctuations in power generation systems lead to concerns about power quality, especially in terms of
voltage variation [42]. To manage this problem, energy storage is the first alternative to cover the variation. The application helps to protect loads against
short-duration events and to improve the quality of elivered
power
Power reliability
The principle of power reliability is similar to power quality [43,44], but power reliability follows power quality in sequence. Power reliability is the
uninterruptible supply of the quality power, and the time for restoring power with this application is longer than the time taken by the power quality
application. The energy storage system in this application should have high reliability power with the best quality. Moreover, the power reliability
application is under customer control and is installed in customer locations

NHAI plans EV Charging Stations Along National Highways
NHAI also plans commercial spaces like restaurants, food courts, retail outlets, along national highways to boost infrastructure.
NHAI has already invited bids for 138 sites out of the 650 sites identified. It has already received several responses from private entities
to help them in this development project.
The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) is planning to set up several EV charging stations that will help in boosting electric
vehicle infrastructure in India in coming days. The plan is part of real estate development along the national highways across the country.
NHAI has identified more than 650 properties across 22 states with a combined area of over 3,000 hectares to develop highways
infrastructure. NHAI will team up with with private sector in the next five years to undertake the development programme.
As many as 94 sites have been identified along the upcoming Delhi-Mumbai Expressway, 376 sites along new highways and expressways
under construction, and around 180 sites along an existing network of highways across the country.
Installing EV charging stations along the national highways will immensely help electric vehicle owners in India who often raise concerns
about the limitations of using battery-powered cars for long distance travels. Currently there are too few EV charging stations along the
highways to cater to the needs of EV owners.
Setting up EV charging stations along national highways is also likely to help boosting electric vehicle culture in the country. Union
minister Nitin Gadkari recently said that India will soon be the biggest manufacturing hub of electric vehicles in the world. India aims 70
per cent of all commercial cars, 30 per cent of private cars, 40 per cent of buses, and 80 per cent of two-wheelers and three-wheelers in
to be electric by the end of the decade.
India would need a network of nearly 3 million public EV charging stations in the next nine years.

Charging Information and Guide Line for Instalation
Public charging station (“PCS”) is broadly categorized as:
Fast DC charging station (“FCS”) for long range or heavy duty EV’s 50KW-300KW
Slow chargers AC Charger and DC Charger for Home and Office
PCS be installed on priority basis in company owned and company operated retail outlets belonging to oil marketing companies.
Electric Vehicle Charger requires a separate Power Point and meter where we are using Slow Charging
Electric Vehicle Fast Charger requires a separate Power Point Energy Meter exclusive transformer with related substation equipment. Separately, charging stations can also be set up by obtaining
electricity from any generation company .
Slow Charging permit the setting up of private charging points in residences or offices. These charging points are meant for self-use.
Restricted Public Use: Charging stations can also be installed in housing societies, malls, office complexes, restaurants, hotels and other public places. However, only permitted visitors will be
allowed to use such charging pointsallow 3.00KW -50KW AC or DC Charging .
Indian Initiates and Plan
Promote faster adoption of EVs by ensuring safe, reliable, affordable and accessible Charging Infrastructure;
Promote affordable tariff chargeable from EV owners and charging station operators/owners;
Support creation of EV Charging Infrastructure and eventually create a market for EV charging business
Existing Transmission Infrastructure and Cooperation of Discoms
Supply of uninterrupted and sufficientelectricity for Electric Vehicle Charging from the discoms through adequate connection to the transmission lines. Given the state of the transmission
infrastructurein India, additional load of charging stations and availabilityof uninterrupted electricity supply across the length and breadth of tothe country.
Time to Charge
The current EV batteries can take up to 5-8 hours to charge fully,highlighting the need for an adequate number of charging ports..
Network Service Providers and Data Privacy
A single PCS operator or a group of PCS operators may join a network service provider (“NSP”) network to provide information to consumers regarding the availabilityof charging points at any
station and the consumer may book a slot online.
Battery Swapping
Battery swapping is an elegant solution addressing the problem of EV charging time. Swapping of batteries would allow a great number of EVs to chargetheir batteries, making it viable to own
one. The effective implementation of battery swapping requires a uniform standard of batteries to be present in EV’s

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Electric Vehicle AC & DC Charging Specification

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Detail Study Power Demand for EV Charging

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Lightning Kills and Destroy Your Valuable Assets
No lightningprotection systemis 100% effective.A systemdesigned in compliance with the
standard does not guarantee immunity from damage. Lightningprotection is an issue of
statisticalprobabilitiesand risk management. A system designed in compliance with the
standard should statistically reduce the risk to below a pre-determinedthreshold.The risk
management process provides a framework for this analysis. An effective lightning
protection systemneeds to control a variety of risks. While the current of the lightningflash
creates a number of electrical hazards, thermal and mechanical hazards also need to be
addressed. Risk to persons (and animals) include: • Direct flash • Step potential • Touch
potential• Side flash • Secondary effects:– asphyxiation from smoke or injury due to fire –
structural dangers such as falling masonry from point of strike – unsafe conditionssuch as
water ingress from roof penetrationscausing electricalor other hazards, failure or
malfunction of processes, equipment and safetysystemsRiskto structures& internal
equipment include: • Fire and/or explosion triggered by heat of lightningflash, its
attachment point or electricalarcing of lightning current within structures• Fire and/or
explosion triggered by ohmic heating of conductors or arcing due to melted conductors •
Puncturesof structure roofing due to plasma heat at lightningpoint of strike • Failure of
internal electrical and electronic systems • Mechanical damage including dislodged materials
at point of strike

Lightning Charge Threat to Human and Valuable Infrastructure
Atmospheric discharges are a powerful natural phenomenon. Lightning can reach a power of several hundred gigawatts and can have a destructive or disturbing effect on
electrical systems located miles away from the point where the lightning strikes.Damage caused by direct lightning strikes is generally serious, with large conomic consequences.
As an example, the electrical switchboard can catch fire, causing devastation of industrial equipment and even the building. The best and only way to avoid this is the installation
of an ELP.Atmospheric discharges can determine various phenomena in an electrical system, resulting both from direct and indirect lightning strikes.
Direct lightning strikes on lightning rods/conductors (LPS, Lightning Protection System) or external conductive elements (antennas, metallic pipes/guttering etc.).Galvanic
coupling When lightning strikes the lightning conductor or roof of an earthed building directly, the current flows to earth and through the power supply lines. The resistance of
the PE system, when dispersing the lightning current, causes an increase in the PE conductor up to several thousand volts (ohmic effect). On the other hand, the potential of the
active conductors remains at 230 V for the phases and zero for the neutral (remote potential of the transformer). The electrical equipment connected between the power supply
network and earth can break their isolation and some of the lightning current flows through them, resulting in damage.
Direct lightning strike on aerial power lines. Conductive coupling When lightning strikes a low voltage aerial power line, very strong currents flow through it, entering the
buildings it supplies and giving rise to large overvoltage surges. The large amount of energy entering directly into the system causes faults and failures of electrical or electronic
equipment connected to the power supply.
Indirect lightning strikes.Electromagnetic coupling The electromagnetic field created by atmospheric discharges in the vicinity of aerial electricity lines or electrical systems
generates an overvoltage surge in each loop of the circuit. The electricity lines incorporate loops since the neutral or PE is connected repeatedly to earth (every two or three
poles).
Even lightning striking the external protection system (LPS) creates a surge in the loops formed by the electrical system wiring.With a range of hundreds of yards or even miles, the
electromagnetic field generated in cloud lightning can create sudden voltage increases.In these cases the damage, less spectacular than in the previous cases, can still have a
permanent effect on the most sensitive electronic equipment such as computers, photocopiers and security and communications systems.
The following curve summarizes the cumulative frequency of the lightning strikes with respect to their intensity, according to the results of this enormous measuring campaign:
– 1.27% of the lightning strikes are greater than 100 kA

Conventional Lighnting Protection as per IEC62035
The Six Interdependent Disciplines that form the ProtectionPlan are:
Capture the lightning strike
Convey this energy to ground
Dissipate the energy into the grounding system
Bond all ground points together
Protect incoming AC power feeders with use of Surge Protection
Protect low-voltage data/telecommunications circuits with use of Surge Protection
The lightning protection materials to be used for this type of installation may be aluminum or
copper, within the allowances of NFPA® code 780. Some of the criteria for choosing one type
of material over another are as follows:
Materials to which lightning protection components are to be installed for compatibility;
aluminum on aluminum, copper on copper, etc.and Other Lightning protection components to
match existing lightning protection materials.Lightning protection components to match
existing lightning protection materials.
Installations where lightning protection is highly desirable aresummarized as follows:
Power stations Thermal ,Hydero Power Wind Power and Solar PV
Sub-stations and transformer stations
Oil and gas storage and refinery
Grain storage
Explosives factories and storage areas
Flammable liquid or chemical storage
Factories such as chemical, textile, rubber, sugar, glass, paint, etc.
Mining areas
Television, radio and telecommunications stations
High rise buildings - commercial and apartment complexes
Hospitals
Transport - airports, shipping, rail etc.
Universities, education facilities
Historic structures
Churches, Mosques, etc.
Military installations
Golf courses, race courses, sports stadiums, etc.
Farms and food storage areas
Buildings containing computers and electronics
Electrical Vehicle Charging Infra

LightningKills We Save Human with Perfect Design (WAR) SAFELIFE and Assets
Conventional(IEC62305) Vs Advance Protection (ESE) NFC 17-102

Selection of Right SurgeProtection and Installation is is your Hand (TECHNICAL AwareneSS)
Electrical circuits may be connected to ground (earth) for several reasons. Earthing serves as:
•Personal protection
•Property/ operational protection
•Potential grading earthing
•Electro-magnetic pulses protection
•Lightning protection
In mains powered equipment, exposed metal parts are connected to ground so that if, due to any fault conditions, a “line” supply voltage connection occurs to any
such conductive parts, the current flow will then be such that any protective equipment installed for either overload or “leakage” protection will operate and
disconnect the line voltage.
This is done to prevent harm resulting to the user from coming in contact with any such dangerous voltage in a situation where the user may, at the same time, also
come in contact with an object at ground/earth potential. Connection to ground also limits the build-up of static electricity when handling flammable products or
electrostatic-sensitive devices.
Earthing should include:
Low electrical resistance(Max1.00 Ohm)
Ability to conduct stable voltage,even at weather changes
Long life expectancy, i.e. high resistanceagainst corrosion

Surge is Danger Threat It’s Pick-up and Travel to System
Pulse/MicroSec (10/350,8/20&1.2/50) as per UL 1449 and IEC 61643-11
Surge protection devices suppress the excess voltage, divert it safely to the ground and prevents it
from causing any harm. Surge or Lightening Protector is designed to provide Line to Line protection
and Line to Ground protection.
Operating Voltage of the Surge or Lightening protector is greater than the normal operating voltage
of the device or system to be protected.
During the normal operating condition, the Surge or Lightening are non-functional as they provide a
high impedance path between Lines to Ground.

Reason for Surge and Electrical Entrance Cataugry as per IEC

Surge Protection Installation for Individuall Equipments Safety
When SPDs are individually applied to services, as the
common mode surge
Current from the SPD "C" terminal to the local earth
reference via the earthing cable can create a potential
difference from the true earth potential. Further the local
earth references themselves may be at different potentials.
1.5 µH/m. A diverted surge current of 50 A/µs would create
an inductive voltage of 75 V/m. This inductive voltage adds
to the SPD limiting voltage
The power SPD will be connected to the mains plug/socket
local earth reference. The incomingserviceSPD1 and
outgoing service equipment SPD will be connected to
whatever local earth reference is provided. For the screened
cable SPDn the earth reference could be applied to the
cable
originatingend.

Surge Protection Installation for Multiple Equipments Safety
A surge reference equaliser does two things; it brings together all the
service SPDs by locating themin a single enclosure and provides a local
earth reference for all the SPD "C" terminals to directly connect the
common bonding point, or "star" connection has two external earth
reference
One from the power SPD mains plug/socket local earth reference and
the other from the screened cable remote earth reference. This means
that the diverted surge current can split between the power and
screened cable earth references.to avoid earth loops in normal
operation, one SPDn option is to make the screened cable
"C"connection to the common bonding point via an SPD with a
switching function, which maintains isolation during normal conditions
but provides a bond during the occurrence of a surge.
The surge reference equaliser is now called an MSPD, although there
may not be any SPDs in it,only SPCs giving the equivalent surge
functionality of the replaced SPDs.
MSPD for protecting power, antenna, telephone and Ethernet services
with warning lights for protection failure and missing earth connection.

Surge Protection for Serial and Co-Axial Communication Port
•

UL SPD Types - Per 1449 4th Edition
Type 1- One port. permanently connected SPDs, except for watt- hour meter socket enclosure, intended for installation between the secondary of the service transformer and the line side of the
service equpment overcurrent device, as well as the load side, including watt-hour meter socket enclosures and Molded Case SPDs intended to be installed without an extemal overcurrent
protective device. Type 1 SPDs for use in PV systems can be connected between the PV aarry and the main service disconnect.
DIN-RAIL SPDs are open Type 1.
Type 2- Permanently connected SPDs intended for installation on the load side of the service equipment overcurrent device, including SPDs located at the branch panel and Model Case SPDs.
Type 3 - Point of utilization SPDs, installed at a minimum conductor length of 10 meters (30 feet) from the electrical service panel to the point of utilization, for example cord connected, direct
plug-in receptacle type and SPDs installed at the utilization equipment being protected. See marking in 80.3. The distance (10 meters) is exclusive of conductors provided with or used to attach
SPDs.
Note: type 2 and 3 SPDs ware previously known as TVSSs,
Type 4 - Component Assemblies - Component assembly consisting of one or more Type 5 components together with a disconnect (integral or external) or a means of complying with the limited
current tests in 44.4.
Type 1, 2, 3 Component Assemblies - Consists of a Type 4 component assembly with internal or external short
circuitprotection.
Type 5 - Discrete component surge suppressors such as MOVS that may be mounted on a PVVB connected by its leads or provided within an enciosure with mounting means and wiring
terminations. V/Uπ----nominal system voltage.
A nominal value assigned to designate a system of a given voltage class in accordance w ANSI CB4,1. Typical voltages include 120 208, 240, 277, 347, 480,600O Vac.
V --- Voltage Protection RatingA ring selected from a list of preferred values as given inToble 63. 1 of UL 1449 4th Edition andassigned to each mode of protection. The value of V is determined as
the nearest highest value taken from Table 63.1 to the measured limiting voltage determined during the surge test using the compination wave generator at a setting of 6 kV, 3kA. It is also known
as let-through voltage.
Guide to Surge Protection Devices (SPDs): selection, application and theory
The following common terminologies, as recognised by BS EN 61643/IEC 62305 are used throughout SPD specifications in order to aid correct selection and aredefined as follows:
Nominal Voltage UO is the line voltage to Earth a.c. voltage of the mains system (derived from the nominal system voltage) for which the SPD is designed to is the voltage by which the power
system is designated -e g. 230V.
Maximum Continuous Operating Voltage Uc is the maximum RMS voltage that may be continuously applied to the SPD's mode of protection e.g. phase to neutralmode. This is equivalent to the
SPD's rated peak voltage.
Temporary Overvoltage UT is the stated test value of momentary voltage increaseor overvoltage that the power SPD must withstand safely for a defined time.Temporary overvoltages,
typically lasting up to several seconds, usually
originate from switching operations or wiring faults (for example, sudden load rejection, single phase faults) as well as mains abnormalities such as ferro-resonance effects and harmonics.
Impulse Current Amp is defined by three parameters, a current peak with a chargeand a specific energy typically simulated with the 10/350us waveform to represent partial lightning
currents. This waveform is used with peak Imp current value stated. for the mains Type 1 SPD Class I test and typically for data telecom SPD TestCategory D.
Nominal Discharge Current /nspdis a defined nominal peak current value through the SPD, with an 8/20µs current waveshape. This is used for classification of mains SPDs(Class Il test) and also
for preconditioning of SPDs In Class I and Class IItests.
Maximum Discharge Current /maxis the peak current value through the SPD, with an B/20us waveshape. Imax is
declared for mains Type 2 SPDs in accordance to the test sequence of the Class Il operating duty test. In general, max is greater than /nspd.

I should Design Electrical Installation to Perform My Equipment and Safety
of Mine and Other’s from Electrical Shocks
Earthing Design is Not a BOQ It’s Design New Every Installation Depend on Soil Report
Earthing Value should be Achive and Maintained 24X7 365Days

Earthing is Mendatory and Importance of Perfect Installations
Why the need for Grounding and Bonding
Equipment Protection
Satisfy Warranty Requirement
System Performance
Service Protection
Personnel Safety
Voltage Difference between Two Equipment Earthing below 5 Volts
Earthing Value is below 1.00 OHM for Low Voltage and 0.50 Ohms for
All Other Electronic Sensitive Equipment’s

Earthing for Equipments as per Latest Electrical Safety Indian Standard

Earthing should be Eqavapotentail but use Spark Gap for Insolation

Maintenance Free Earthing Installation

Maintenance Free Earthing Value Calcullation & Costing Per PIT
• BOQ Per Earthing PIT
• 17.2mm Copper Bonded 3 Mtr ROD=1
• Earth Enhance Compound(Value 0.012
Ohm) Qty -30 KG
• Earthing Clamp Connector for
Connecting FLAT STRIP/Conductor - 01
• Earthing Strip /Conductor as per
Equipment Load /Fault Current -10
Mtrs
• High Quality Industrial Plastic PIT Cover

Earthing and Conductor Installation

Earth electrodes (under ground) and earthing conductors (above ground)must conformto specific
minimum dimensions regarding mechanical stabilityand possible corrosionresistance

RecommdationforJointsor Tappingany Metal,Cablesor Conductor’sOpenor in BurriedEnvironmentsto Avoid
Rusting, Corosen ResultLooseContact,Spark,Disconnectof FireAccidents
below information abstarct from NBC2016,IEEE80,IEC62305and other InternationalElectricalSafety Installation Guide Line
Any metals ,Conductors use for extention mostly for Earthing only recommended same material for Tapping or Jointing Nut Bolt ,
brazing for burried connectionis BAN advise to use Exothermic.
if we do with nout and Bolting, Brazing the surface contact of both material will not be 100% Result Heat when load and Sink
when connection Cool later experinced Loose Contact result Spark ,Disconnect or may be Fire Accidents.
If you use differentMetal for Extentionand Tapping it’s very difficult to ensure 100% Surface Contact over period of Life becuase
of diffirentbehavior of Temperature and develop gelvanis between two Joints.
another failure rusting Conductors not capable to handle load
for Long Distance Connection we should use Soft Round Conductor advantage less Joints, angle bend while routing maintain low
contact resistance result long life and high productivity.
Copper Claded Steel
Copper Claded Aluminium
Steel Round Conductors
These Conductors now recommended for Earthing Extentionand Down Conductor for Lighting Discharge from Buildingot
Structure allow routing and bending avoid Sharp Corner Develope (which we facing with Flat Strip GI or Copper Via routing)
another benifit of round conductorover Flat Strip under burried condition is long Life and faster handling any Surge or Ligthing to
protect our equipment’s.

Install and Monitor your Earthing

Neutral Earthing Resistors
Neutral Earthing Resistors (NERs) are used in an AC distribution networks to limit transient overvoltage's that flow through the neutral
point of a transformer or generator to a safe value during a fault event such as a phase to phase, phase to neutral or phase to earth
fault.
Generally connected between ground and neutral of a transformer or generator, NERs reduce the fault current to a pre-determined
maximum level such that damage to equipment or network shutdown is avoided while allowing a sufficient amount of fault current to
activate protection devices. A fast response time allows protection relays and current transformers to operate and quickly identify,
isolate and clear the fault. Subsequent faults are also avoided. Damage to equipment is therefore minimized and the risk of
hazardous arc flash is reduced or eliminated.
NER must absorb and dissipate a huge amount of energy during a fault without exceeding temperature limitations, the design and
selection of an NER is critical to ensure equipment and personnel safety as well as continuity of supply.

Earthing Valuecan be Monitorwith Alarm AlertSystem
calculating the loop resistance, G-CHECK checks the impedance of the actual path of an indirect contact leakage, for detecting the following possible incidents, both within the installation and in the transformation
centre to which it is connected:
- Deterioration of the ground connection due to aging of the earth rods, theft of the cables or increasing soil resistivity in dry seasons.
- Breakage or bad connection of the neutral wire.

Platform Touch Voltage Protection Membrane System

Director:- Mr. ManishKhatri
Head Marketing & Sales:- Mr. Mahesh Chandra Manav
Link Vue System Pvt Ltd
Head Office: I-19, Karampura, New Moti Nagar, New Delhi, (India).
Mobile: +91-9811247237
Tel: +91 11 4559778
Email:manav.chandra@linkvuesystem.com Email:manish@linkvuesystem.com Website: www.linkvuesystem.com
Link Vue Systems Pty Ltd
2 BRUCE STREET, BLACKTOWN NSW 2148,
Sydney, Australia Mobile:+61-423064098, Mobile: +91-9811247237,
Email:manav.chandra@linkvuesystem.com
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