Embedded system
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This document provides an overview of embedded systems and microcontrollers. It discusses common application areas including automotive electronics, medical systems, and consumer electronics. Microcontrollers integrate CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O and other peripherals on a single chip to perform dedicated functions. The document compares microprocessors and microcontrollers, and describes AVR microcontroller architecture, features of ATmega16 microcontroller including I/O pins, timers and ADC, and examples of interfacing LEDs, LCDs, 7-segment displays. It also discusses interrupts, development boards and provides details of components used in a home security project.
Embedded system
- 2. Application Area 1 Automotive electronics 2 Aircraft electronics 3 Trains 4 Telecommunication 5 Medical systems 6 Fabrication equipment 7 Consumer electronics 8 Smart buildings INTRODUCTION Embedded System is the combination of software and hardware in which we write a program in software and then burn it into the hardware . This total process is known as Embedded System Microcontroller can be termed as single on chip computer which includes number of peripherals like RAM ,A/D Converter , Timers etc. required to perform some specified task
- 3. GENERAL ARCHITECTURE OF MICROCONTROLLER Microprocessor Vs Microcontroller CPU is stand-alone, RAM, ROM, I/O, timer are separate Designer can decide on the amount of ROM, RAM and I/O ports. Expansive Versatility Multi-purpose Can be function as a computer with no addition of external digit parts. Movement of code and data from external address to the chip. On Chip RAM, ROM, I/O, TIMER/COUNTER, PWM, ADC etc. Fix amount of on-chip ROM, RAM, I/O ports For applications in which cost, power and space are critical Single-purpose Must have any additional parts to be functional. Movement of bits within the chip.
- 4. Types of Microcontroller Architecture 1. CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer) 2. RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) RISC Fixed width Instructions Few Formats of Instructions Load/Store Architecture Large Register Banks Instructions follow pipelining Single Cycle execution of all instructions CISC Variable length instructions Several formats of instructions Memory Values can be used as operands in instructions Small Register Bank Pipelining is complex Multi cycle execution on instructions
- 5. AVR MICROCONTROLLER AVR=Advanced Virtual RISC / Alf and Vegard RISC (AVR designer). Developed by Atmel in 1996. AVR can be classified into four groups: 1) Classic AVR-AT90S2313, 2323, 4433 etc. 2) Mega AVR-Atmega8, 16, 32, 64, 128. 3) Tiny AVR-ATtiny13, 44, 25 etc. 4) Special Purpose AVR- AT90CAN128, AT90USB1287, AT90PWM26,
- 6. ATmega16 Features Features:- It is an 8 bit microcontroller. It consists of Advanced RISC Architecture. 32 x 8 General Purpose Working Register Flash Memory- 16 kbytes 512 bytes EEPROM 1kb internal SRAM Four PWM Channels Programmable Serial USART Master/Slave SPI Serial Interface Programmable Watchdog Timer with Separate On-chip Oscillator 32 programmable I/O lines Two 8-bit Timer/Counter with separate prescaler One 16 bit Timer/Counter 10 bit, 8 channels ADC.
- 8. LCD INTERFACING :- An Output Device Most Commonly used for ALPHANUMERIC display Requires 3 control lines(RS/RW/EN) Operated in 8-bit or 4-bit mode
- 9. 7 SEGMENT DISPLAY:- 7 segment is an output device which is used to show numeric & alphanumeric characters. Contains 8 internally connected LED’s Types of 7 segment display :- 1) Common Anode 2) Common Cathode
- 10. TIMER/COUNTER :- Timer is used to provide delay. If internal clock operate then timer is used as a delay and if used as external then timer is used as a counter. Types of Timer :- 1) TIMER0 2) TIMER1 3) TIMER2 TIMER2 doesn’t have any external clock so it can’t be used as a counter. Timer is used to provide more delay without even changing the crystal oscillator frequency. Used for object tracking.
- 11. Interrupts As the name implies, an interrupt is some event which disrupts the normal program execution. Interrupts give us a mechanism to "put on hold" the normal program flow, execute a subroutine.
- 13. PROJECT
- 14. ABOUT COMPONENTS 1. HT12D(DECODER):- It is a decoder IC used to decode the received signal 1.1Features Operating voltage: 2.4V~12V Address/Data number combination HT12D: 8 address bits and 4 data bits HT12F: 12 address bits only 1.2 Applications Burglar alarm system Smoke and fire alarm system Garage door controllers Car door controllers 1.3Applications Burglar alarm system Smoke and fire alarm system Garage door controllers Car door controllers 2. L293D :- This IC is used to derive the motors .One . L293D IC can derive only two motors. Products Now From Texas Instruments Wide Supply-Voltage Range: 4.5 V to 36 V
- 15. 4. HT12E(ENCODER):- 4.1 FEATURES - OPERATING VOLTAGE - 2.4V~5V FOR THE HT12A - 2.4V~12V FOR THE HT12E - HT12A/E: 18-PIN DIP/20-PIN SOP PACKAGE 4.2 APPLICATIONS - BURGLAR ALARM SYSTEM - SMOKE AND FIRE ALARM SYSTEM - GARAGE DOOR CONTROLLERS - CAR DOOR CONTROLLERS 3. 434MHZ Transmitter & Receiver:- Transmitter and receiver are to send and receive the given commands in wireless communication.
- 17. THANK YOU