English class 23 a
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The document discusses the differences between the present perfect simple and present perfect continuous tenses in English. It explains that the present perfect continuous emphasizes ongoing actions or processes, while the present perfect simple emphasizes completed results. It provides examples of how to use each tense properly based on whether the focus is on the action, its duration, or the number of times it occurred. Exercises are included for practice identifying the correct tense based on meaning.
English class 23 a
- 1. English class 23 Elementary level Juan José Simón Pérez learnenglishesol.weebly.com
- 2. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE VS. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS El Present Perfect Continuous es ‘I have been doing’. Al igual que el Present Perfect Simple,se utiliza para hablar de acciones que tienen alguna relación con el presente. I need a rest, I’ve been working all day! How long have you been studying English?
- 3. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE VS. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS P.P.Continuous: resalta la acción en si misma, sin importar si esta ha terminado o no. Aquí lo importante es el proceso mas que el resultado. I’ve been doing my homework, so I’m exhausted. The wind has been blowing all day! P.P.Simple: resalta el resultado de la acción. Se usa en acciones terminadas. I’ve finished my homework. The wind has destroyed that house!
- 4. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE VS. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS P.P.Continuous: se utiliza al decir la duración de una acción How long have you been waiting for me? I’ve been studying English for three years. P.P.Simple: se utiliza al decir cuantas veces (o en que cantidad) se ha hecho una acción I’ve waited for you four times this week! I’ve studied a lot of English recently.
- 5. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE VS. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS En present perfect continuous, como sucede con todos los verbos continuos, no se pueden usar verbos de estado, con la excepción de want y mean. I’ve been meaning to call you since last month. I’ve known the truth all this time I’ve been knowing the truth all this time
- 6. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE VS. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS En ocasiones se usa P.P. simple al decir la duración de una acción, pero siempre considedrando la acción como permanente. I’ve worked here for five years. I work in Madrid but I’ve been working in Alicante this month.
- 7. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE VS. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS Ejemplos: I’ve painted my room, do you like how does it look? I’ve been painting my room this morning, I’m tired! I’ve read that book you lent me, the end was hilarious. I’ve been reading that book you lent me. I’ve read 200 pages so far.
- 8. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE VS. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS Exercise. Complete the sentences with the correct tense of the verb in brackets, p.p. simple or p.p. continuous. 1. I’m exhausted. I _________ (work) all day. 2. That house looks great! The owners _______ (paint) the facade. 3. How many months ____ (take) dance lessons? 4. How long _____ (go) to dance classes? 5. Susan ____ (travel) all around the world this year. She _____ (visit) seven countries so far.
- 9. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE VS. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS Answers: 1. I’m exhausted. I’VE BEEN WORKING all day. 2. That house looks great! The owners HAVE PAINTED the facade. 3. How many months HAVE YOU TAKEN dance lessons? 4. How long HAVE YOU BEEN GOING to dance lessons? 5. Susan HAS BEEN TRAVELING all around the world this year. She HAS VISITED seven countries so far.
- 10. HE SAID THAT…REPORTED SPEECH Al decir lo que otras personas han dicho, podemos hacerlo con el estilo directo (direct speech) o con el estilo indirecto (reported speech). Direct speech: He said: ‘I am happy with my new job’. Indeirect speech: He said (that) he was happy with his new job.
- 11. HE SAID THAT…REPORTED SPEECH El direct speech consiste en citar textualmente lo dicho por otras personas. En el indirect/reported speech se comunica lo dicho por otros pero sin hacerlo textualmente. Para el reported speech se suelen usar los verbos say y tell, aunque también se pueden usar otros como ask o beg. He told me that he was in London He asked me to pick him up at the airport
- 12. HE SAID THAT…REPORTED SPEECH En general se usa el pasado simple tanto para el verbo principal (say/tell) como para el resto de la frase. Direct: She said: ‘I don’t like the food’ Reported: She said she didn’t like the food. Direct: He said: ‘I want to go to Africa on my holidays’. Reported: He told me that he wanted to go to Africa on his holidays.
- 13. HE SAID THAT…REPORTED SPEECH Los verbos dichos en presente suelen cambiar al pasado. Si la situación no ha cambiado y hablamos de temas generales, se pueden dejar en presente, aunque lo normal es cambiarlos al pasado. He told me he didn’t eat meat = He told me he doesn’t eat meat.
- 14. HE SAID THAT…REPORTED SPEECH Cuando nos han dicho algo en pasado simple se suele dejar en pasado simple, pero también es correcto pasarlo al pasado perfecto Direct: She said: ‘I was tired and I went to bed early’. Reported: She said that she was tired and she went to bed early. = She said that she had been tired and she had gone to bed early.
- 15. HE SAID THAT…REPORTED SPEECH Cambio de verbos en el reported speech: DIRECT INDIRECT Present simple Past simple Past simple Past simple / past perfect Present continuous Past continuous Past continuous Past perfect continuous Present perfect Past perfect Past perfect Past perfect Will / shall Would Would Would Could Could Should Should Must Must / had to Might Might
- 16. HE SAID THAT…REPORTED SPEECH Las preguntas en reported speech se transforman en afirmaciones, por lo que hay que invertir sujeto y verbo o quitar el auxiliar, y poner el verbo principal en la forma corrrespondiente. Direct: She asked: ‘what time are you coming?’. Reported: She asked what time we were coming.
- 17. HE SAID THAT…REPORTED SPEECH Mas ejemplos: Direct: Tony asked me: ‘how are you?’ Reported: Tony asked me how I was. Direct: He asked me: where do you live? Reported: He asked me where I lived. Direct: Silvia asked him: ‘what are you doing?’ Reported: Silvia asked him what he was doing.
- 18. HE SAID THAT…REPORTED SPEECH Exercise. Change this sentences to reported speech. Use ‘He said…’ at the beginning of the sentences. 1. ‘I am 20 years old’ 2. ‘I have been away for a month’ 3. ‘We won’t have much time’ 4. ‘She’s studying in Barcelona at this moment’ 5. ‘They would come as soon as they can’
- 19. HE SAID THAT…REPORTED SPEECH Exercise. Change this sentences to reported speech. Use ‘He said…’ at the beginning of the sentences. 1. He said (that) he was 20 years old. 2. He said (that) he had been away for a month. 3. He said (that) we wouldn’t have much time. 4. He said (that) she was studying in Barcelona at that moment. 5. He said (that) they would come as soon as they could.
- 20. Thank you for your attention!