Enterprise PHP Development - Ivo Jansch

Ibuildings - http://www.ibuildings.com
Enterprise PHP development
Ivo Jansch <ivo@ibuildings.com>
Dutch PHP Conference, June 14, 2008

Tuesday, February 26, 2008 2
What's an enterprise?
• Wikipedia:
 “Any of several ships by that name in the Star Trek
fictional universe”
 “A business, company, or comparable organization”

Is PHP Enterprise ready?
• CIO Magazine:
“PHPworkswellforprototypingbecauseitiseasytogetasiteupandrunning.UsePHPtodesign
the site [...] but when it comes time for development, tell the team you want
t
he result to look and act like this PHP site...but in Java”
(Or: “great, this is exactly what I need! now do it again, at twice the cost!”)‫‏‬
http://www.cio.com/article/176250 (skip the article, read the comments)‫‏‬

Is PHP Enterprise ready?
 Small
 Lightweight
 Cheap
 Easy to learn
 Big
 Enterprise friendly
 enterpriCe
 CS required

A word from my girlfriend
It's not the
SIZE
of the tool...
It's how you USE it.

PHP is changing...
• 1998
 Personal stuff
• 2003
 Simple websites
 Content management
 Blogs
• 2008
 Big websites
 Banks
 Insurance Companies
 ...

PHP is changing...
• Traditional metaphor
 PHP is like Lego bricks
 Bricks allowing you to build
anything

PHP is changing...
• PHP is no longer a toy
 Let’s use the metaphor of actual bricks
 Because we’re building
actual buildings now

About Bricks
• Extreme simplicity
• Easy to learn
• Versatile
• Cheap
... so building a skyscraper must be peanuts, right?

Enterprise development in 10 steps

Step 1 – The Team
“Dear Mr. Businessman,
I have read about your plans to build a new
skyscraper and I am applying for a job.
I have a lot of experience with Bricks. I taught
myself how to use them and have been
maintaining our family shed for a few years now.”

Step 1 – The Team
• Be a software engineer
• Train your skills
• Study OO principles
• Consider Zend Certification

Step 2 - Requirements
• What does the customer need?
• What do visitors want?

Step 2 - Requirements
• Functional Design
 Requirements definition
 Interaction Design /
Wireframes
 Flow diagrams

Step 3 - Architecture
• Don’t just start stacking bricks
• Create an architecture first

• Technical Design
 Modelling
• Class diagrams
• ER diagram (data model)‫‏‬
• Colaboration diagrams
• Use cases
• etc.
 Tools: UML, whiteboards

• High Level Architectures:
 MVC (Model View Controller)
 SOA (Service Oriented Architecture)
 Multi-tier development (Frontend, Application, Data)
 CBD (Component Based Development)‫‏‬

Step 4 - Tools
• You don’t need tools...
• But they make you productive

Step 4 - Tools
• Development:
 Eclipse (PDT)‫‏‬
 PhpED
 Vim
 Zend Studio
 Komodo
• IDE's vs Editors
 Debugging
 Profiling
 Navigation / cross references
 Syntax Checking

Step 4 - Tools
• Source Control
 CVS / SVN
 Bitkeeper / GIT
 Branching
 Tagging

Step 5 - Foundation
• Start stacking bricks?
 How many bricks does it take..
 What about stability?
• Start with a foundation

Step 5 - Foundation
• Use a framework
 Provides guidelines (frame)‫‏‬
 Off the shelf components
• Examples
 Zend Framework http://framework.zend.com
 CakePHP http://http://www.cakephp.org
 ezComponents http://ez.no/ezcomponents
 Symfony http://www.symfony-project.org
 ATK http://www.achievo.org/atk

Step 5 - Foundation
• The “Not Invented Here” Syndrome
 “The existing frameworks are no good.
I can do this better.”
 “This framework is no good.
It can do A through Y but I need Z.”
 “This framework is too big.
It provides A-Z but we only need A and B.”
 “I know there's a good framework.
But I would like to learn.”

Step 6 – Design Patterns
Requirement 1056.4:
We need to be able to look outside, but we
can't make holes in the wall (rain should be
kept outside). When it's sunny, a hole is ok.

Step 6 – Design Patterns
• A ‘window’ is a concept
 Best practice way of solving a particular problem
• In IT, we call this a ‘design pattern’
• Popular patterns in PHP:
 MVC, Factory, Singleton, Registry, Decorator
• Good read:
 php|architect's Guide to
PHP Design Patterns
- Jason E. Sweat

Step 7 - Testing
• Is your software tested after it has gone live?

Step 7 - Testing
• Various types of testing
 Developer testing
 Functional testing
 Environment testing
 Performance testing
 Usability testing

Step 7 - Testing
• Common scenario

Step 7 - Testing
• User complains...
MWOEHA!
BUG!

Step 7 - Testing
• Developer attacks the problem
fix_bug();

Step 7 - Testing
• Problem solved!

Step 7 - Testing
• Solution: Unit Tests
 Automated testing after each change
 Prevents regressions
• Testing for PHP applications:
 PHPUnit http://www.phpunit.de/
 SimpleTest http://www.lastcraft.com/simple_test.php
• Continuous Integration:
 CruiseControl with phpUnderControl
 Xinc http://code.google.com/p/xinc/

Step 7 - Testing
• Test Driven Development
1. Define functionality
2. Create testcase
3. Run test -> test fails
4. Implement functionality
• Test succeeds? Done
• Test fails? Refactor
Repeat step 4 until finished

Step 8 - Optimization
Users are reporting:
"I work on the 197th floor. Every day I
have to walk the stairs for 2 hours, then I
have only 4 hours left to do my job."

• Solution: Elevator

In PHP, this ‘elevator’ is called an ‘accelerator’
 This is how PHP works (pseudo-ish code):
read index.php; // enter the building
compile index.php; // go to floor 197
echo “Hello World”; // get the job done
 An accelerator improves the first 2 steps
 Accelerators for PHP:
• eAccelerator http://eaccelerator.net/
• APC http://pecl.php.net/package/APC
• Zend Platform http://www.zend.com/products/zend_platform

Users complain:
“Every time I need coffee I have to go
to the top floor to get some.”

• Solution: Create small coffee corners on every floor so
people
d
o
n’t have to go to the main restaurant every time.
• In PHP we call this caching
 Don’t query the database everytime you need data
 Use locally stored copy (file or memory)‫‏‬
• PHP Caching solutions:
 Zend_Cache http://framework.zend.com
 Smarty http://smarty.php.net
 Zend Platform http://www.zend.com/products/zend_platform
 Memcached http://danga.com/memcached/

Step 9 - Deployment
• Lifecycle:
 Develop
 Test
 Deploy to acceptance test environment
 Deploy to live
• Use SVN
• Code is just a part, don't forget the database
• Create a 'Deployment & Release Profile'

Step 9 - Deployment
• System Architecture
PHP
Apache
Linux
MySQL
From a simple LAMP stack on a single machine...

Step 9 - Deployment
• System Architecture
... to a High Availability, Horizontally Scalable architecture

Step 10 - Operations
• Monitoring
 Logfiles
 Monitor infrastructure (tools such as Nagios)‫‏‬
 Monitor application (tools such as Zend Platform)‫‏‬
 Monitor business (is the money still pouring in?)

• Debugging
 Ideal:
“I had error x when I selected y after I clicked z”
 Reality:
“It doesn't work!”
“What exactly doesn't work, and what did you do?”
“It just ******** didn't work, FIX IT.”

• Solution
 A 'root cause
analysis' tool

• Change management
 Ticket system
 Stick to your deployment - use the DRP
 DON'T TOUCH THE LIVE ENVIRONMENT.
 But I absolutely have to...
DON'T!
 but...
NO! IF YOU TOUCH IT, YOU WILL LOSE ALL GURU POINTS.

46
Shameless self-promotion
• php|architect's
Guide to Enterprise PHP Development
• PDF: June 12, Print: June 26
• ISBN: 978-0-9738621-8-8
• Order via http://phparch.com
• http://www.enterprisephp.nl

Questions?
http://www.jansch.nl
http://www.enterprisephp.nl
http://www.ibuildings.com
ivo@ibuildings.com

Enterprise PHP Development - Ivo Jansch

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