This document provides instructions for two essay tests on Thursday. The first test asks students to compare the rise of the Mongols to the rise of one of several empires between 1200-1400 CE. Students are instructed to write a thesis with one similarity and difference, and two body paragraphs analyzing causes and providing evidence. The second test asks students to analyze changes and continuities in Mediterranean culture from 500-1200 CE, following a similar outline of writing a thesis and two body paragraphs.