Linguistic Features & Functions
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The document discusses three linguistic features: abbreviations, acronyms, and idiomatic expressions. Abbreviations shorten words or phrases through initial letters or syllables. Acronyms are words formed from initial letters of phrases and are pronounced as words. Idiomatic expressions are phrases whose meanings cannot be derived from the individual words and make language more colorful. Examples of each feature are provided.
Linguistic Features & Functions
- 1. Linguistic Features and Functions Azrina – Abbreviation Masitah – Acronyms Shureen – Idiomatic Expression
- 2. DEFINITION • Abbreviation is communications (especially “written”) the process or result of representing a word or group of words • An abbreviation is a shortened form of a word (or phrase). • Abbreviations are often used to save time and space.
- 3. Personal Titles Abbreviate titles used with names Mr. Mrs. Ms. Dr. Prof. Rev. Fr. (before the name) Sr. Jr. M.A. Ph.D. C.P.A. (after the name)
- 4. Time • Days and months Monday->Mon. Friday->Fri. December->Dec. • Dates and times B.C. or B.C.E. (Before Common Era) A.M. P.M. or a.m. p.m.
- 5. PLACES & ADDRESSES • Places United States-> U.S New York->N.Y • Addresses Street->St. Avenue->Ave. Road->Rd.
- 6. Acronyms A word formed from the initial letters or syllables taken from a group of words that form the name of a company, product, process, etc.
- 7. Examples of Acronyms • Pronounced as a word, containing only initial letters – AIDS: acquired immune deficiency syndrome – NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization – Scuba: self-contained underwater breathing apparatus – Laser: Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
- 8. • Pronounced as a word, containing non-initial letters – Amphetamine: alpha-methyl-phenethylamine – Gestapo: Geheime Staatspolizei (secret state police) – Interpol: International Criminal Police Organization – Nabisco: National Biscuit Company
- 9. • Pronounced as a word, containing a mixture of initial and non-initial letters – Necco: New England Confectionery Company – Radar: radio detection and ranging
- 10. Acronyms and Abbreviations "The difference between acronyms and abbreviations is this: acronyms are proper words created from the initial letter or two of the words in a phrase, and they are pronounced like other words (cf. snafu, radar, laser, or UNESCO). By contrast, abbreviations do not form proper words, and so they are pronounced as strings of letters, for example, S.O.B., IOU, U.S.A., MP, lp, or tv." (Keith Allan and Kate Burridge, Euphemism and Dysphemism. Oxford Univ. Press, 1991)
- 11. Idiomatic Expression • What are idioms? Idioms are words, phrases or expressions which are commonly used in everyday conversation by native speakers of English. They are often metaphorical and make the language more colorful. • Definition of Idiomatic Expressions - a poetic device • idiomatic expression - an expression whose meanings cannot be inferred from the meanings of the words that make it up
- 12. Examples of Idiomatic Expressions The following is a list of Idiomatic Expressions used in the English and American language: • " Between a rock and a hard place “ - In a very difficult situation when any resolution will be unpleasant • " Blow your top “ - To lose your temper • " Break a leg “ - Used to wish good luck to stage performers before an opening
- 13. • " By the skin of your teeth " - Complete a task at the very last minute • " Drop someone a line " - To write to someone • " Excuse my French " - An apology for swearing • " Fire someone " - To end someone's your employment • " Get your wires crossed " - A misunderstanding • " Have an axe to grind " - To have an ulterior motive or a long term grudge against someone • " Hit the sack " - To go to bed • " Keep an eye out for " - To look after another
- 14. Thank you~