Android is a Linux-based operating system developed by Google, launched in 2003, and known for its wide range of features across multiple versions. Key updates include enhancements in user interface, functionality, and performance, with major versions like Cupcake, Froyo, and Lollipop introducing functionalities such as voice control, improved battery life, and multi-window support. The latest version, Nougat, includes features like quick app switching and virtual reality mode.