Research paper on "Android 4.1 Jellybean OS"
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Android 4.1 Jellybean OS is summarized as follows: 1) It introduced Project Butter to address screen lag and smooth out touch response, animations, and performance. 2) Notifications were improved with a stacked display that is easily navigated by pinching and swiping. 3) Voice recognition was enhanced to allow offline use and download of accent models. It is also better integrated with Google Now. 4) Overall, Jellybean focused on refining the user experience through improved graphics, notifications, voice features and other minor updates rather than major new additions.
![I. JELLYBEAN OS
As mentioned in introductory part above Jellybean OS is
android 4.1 version. This version of OS is successor of
Android of android 4.0: ice-cream sandwich. There is not
much different between ICS and jellybean. There is highest
degree of advancement in notification displays, probably the
best among the entire smart phone OS. Google also have
advanced its graphical interface with much clarity using Vsync and Triple Buffer. Google have also made android to
compete Apple’s Siri which was introduced in apple 4s by
introducing advance google now application. In spite of these
advancement users won’t feel much change from ICS in speed
and browsing capability and camera except jellybean have
filmstrip show while taking photos. Hence google have
introduced just a 0.1 increased version of 4(ICS).
A. Project Butter
Google has been organizing Google I/O conference
annually. Likewise in 27, July 2012, google’s Project Butter
was intended to address one of the major complaints that
Android users had with their devices. The irritant that is
screen lag. Majorly when using the touch interface. [1] Actually
this project was intended to drive android OS up to 5 version
but to complement the gap of 4 and 5 version google
introduced 4.1. project butter have made android in competing
IOS and Windows Phone OS, since by upgrading touch
Sensitivity, smooth animation, advanced security system and
many more.
B. Notification
Jellybeans have comfortable stacked notification display.
All the notifications are stacked with uppermost expanded.
Each notification can be zoomed by just a pinch. These
notifications are directly connected to web through things like
Google Now. Screenshots and videos also can be easily shared
using android beam, messages and google music. For closing
these notification is also simpler by just swiping them away.
These features probably make best notification display among
all smartphones.
C. Voice Recognition/voice typing
Previously, voice recognition was depended upon web,
which was disabled during absence of internet and process is
slow as well. This time we can use voice recognition while
staying offline. Another good feature is that we can download
voice recognizing driver according to accent. It is not good as
online recognition but very much useful and probably third
party will take greater advantage of it. Another good feature
is that it has been directly connected to mobile search engine
apps like google now, knowledge graph which will help in
finding short meanings and definitions of words. We can use
voice recognition to type.
D. Google Now
Google now is search engine in jellybean which can be
driven by voice very easily. Moreover google assures user
second
guess
will
be
success
try.
Another facility is that it will give you info of previously
searches. It will give you information like arriving trains buses,
delay of plane, nearest and good restaurant etc. Also it uses
knowledge graph to give general knowledge like if we ask
―who is the present president of Nepal?‖ then handset will
answer ―Dr. Ram Baran Yadav‖.
E. Magic widget
Google have made widgets in jellybean resizeable
volunterily or non-volunterily, which makes easy and
accessibility to widgets magical.
F. Gesture Mode
Google have made gesture mode more advanced that blind
people can use the mobile easily. Also extended Braille
keyboard and keyboard maps can be downloaded. Text
traversal is easy while reading ebooks and as well as browsing
internet.
G. Android Beam
Android beam is simply and NFC-based app in android os
which helps in sharing your snaps, songs, videos easily.
Instantly pair your phone or tablet to Bluetooth® devices like
headsets or speakers that support the Simple Secure Pairing
standard by just tapping them together.[2]
H. Browser
Google have used different advanced tool to make
browsing easy. It has used HTML5, CSS3, Canvas Animation
Kit
Environment
(CAKE)
and
Javascript Engine (V8). A combination of all these tools,
browsing is very fast and has smooth animation. We can now
use vertical text (Glyphs) for typing while browsing. Jellybean
also have special property of updating apps. In jellybean
process of updating app is just to download few component of
that app un like downloading whole app, which makes easy
and fast in updating.
I. Display and Animation
For smooth display and animation google have used
Vertical synchronization (Vsync) and triple buffering. Vsync
is system of responding graphics signal in vertical change (0
to 1 and vice-versa). Triple buffering is advanced way of
responding and handling 3 signals in one time. In triple
buffering the program has two back buffers and can
immediately start drawing in the one that is not involved in
such copying. The third buffer, the front buffer, is read by the
graphics card to display the image on the monitor. Once the
monitor has been drawn, the front buffer is flipped with (or
copied from) the back buffer holding the last complete
screen.[3]
J. WiFi service discovery system
Android 4.1 supports for multicast DNS-based service
discovery, which lets mobile application to find services
offered by peer devices. Helps in peer-to-peer connection due](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/jellybeanlast-140306002314-phpapp01/85/Research-paper-on-Android-4-1-Jellybean-OS-3-320.jpg)
![But the main challenge of jellybean is that it won’t be used
to with or it won’t be compatible in much hardware and
software also will be hard to develop since even ICS is having
same problem.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to present our gratitude to college for giving
us this platform to present our skill in this android field. We
would like to thanks Prof. Er. Niranjan Khakurel for his
continuous support and encouraging us in completing this
project paper. And at last thanks to friends and families.
REFERENCES
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
Open
Handset
Alliance.
Retrieved
2012-0215.http://www.android.com/whatsnew/Android - Android 4.1, Jelly
Bean.htm
"Triple Buffering: Why We Love It". AnandTech. June 26, 2009.
Retrieved 2009-07-16.R. E. Sorace, V. S. Reinhardt, and S. A.
Vaughn, ―High-speed digital-to-RF converter,‖ U.S. Patent 5 668 842,
Sept. 16, 1997.
Elgin, Ben (August 17, 2005). Bloomberg Businessweek. Bloomberg.
Archived from the original on February 24, 2011. Retrieved 2012-0220.
Cunningham, Andrew (June 27, 2012). Ars Technica. Retrieved
2012-09-15.
http://www.techradar.com/reviews/pc-mac/software/operatingsystems/android-4-1-jelly-bean-1087230/review?artc_pg=5](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/jellybeanlast-140306002314-phpapp01/85/Research-paper-on-Android-4-1-Jellybean-OS-5-320.jpg)
Research paper on "Android 4.1 Jellybean OS"
- 1. Android 4.1: Jellybean OS Bijaya Maharjan, Sahan Maharjan, Subash Adhikari Nepal College of Information Technology, Pokhara University Balkumari, Lalitpur, Nepal erbijayamaharjan@gmail.com er_shnmhrjn@gmail.com me_subash1901@yahoo.com Abstract—Android is linux based mobile OS which is being used by popular smart phone brands like Samsung, LG, HTC, Sony Xperia, and many other. Jellybean OS is 4.1 version of this android which was released on july,9 2012. This paper will contain detailed study of Android 4.1: Jellybean OS. Pros and cons of jellybean. It will cover stepwise development of android OS up to jellybean. Contrast of Jellybean from old android OS, IOS and Windows Phone OS, details review of technical background of Jellybean OS. Keywords— Jellybean, Android 4.1, smart phone books, and thousands of movies. Also the estimated number of downloads from Google play was 25 billion. I. INTRODUCTION Android is a linux based OS. 4.1 version of Android is popularly known as Jellybean OS. It is claimed to be the best android OS by google and other intellectual groups who are working in smart phone companies like google (Nexus), Samsung(Galaxy series), sony (Xperia), HTC(One, Wildfire and many more). Hence we will study the good part as well as bad part of claimed best OS. We will judge it with every aspect. We won’t claim any OS (android OS or IOS or windows phone OS) as best or worst. II. ANDROID Android is a Linux-based operating system designed especially for Smartphone and tablets, developed by Google combining with other Open Handset Alliance (OHA). Android is now used in various Smartphone and tablets developed by Samsung, LG, Google, Htc, Sony Ericson, Motorola, etc and many other mobile companies. Initially Android was developed by Android Inc which was later purchased by Google in 2005 and brought up with a project called Android Open Source Project. Android being an open source has large communities of developers writing applications developed primarily in java. Now apps are also developed in other languages such as C, C++, python, java script, flash etc. They are available to download from Google play or other third party sites. In September 2012 there are more than 675,000 apps and games available on Google Play to keep users entertained, alongside millions of songs and A. History Android Inc. was founded in Palo Alto in October 2003. One of the founders of Android Inc, Andy Rubin wanted to develop smarter mobile devices that are more aware of its owner's location and preferences. Later Google acquired Android Inc. on August 17, 2005 and Rubin started working with Google. At Google, the team led by Rubin developed a mobile device platform powered by the Linux kernel. And hence the android was developed. The first commercially available phone to run Android was the HTC Dream, released on October 22, 2008. Then Google collaborated with HTC to release a first Nexus phone, Nexus One. Later on various brands of mobiles like Samsung, LG, Motorola, Sony Ericson etc also collaborated with Google and started producing Android smart phones. Version Android 1.0 Release Date September 23,2008 feature GPS and Bluetooth (but not stereo Bluetooth) Multitasking Tight integration with Google services like Gmail, Google Maps (with Street View), and Google Calendar Apps: Amazon MP3 Store; YouTube Android Market (about 35 apps at launch) No Microsoft Exchange Server; no camcorder
- 2. Android 1.1 February 9,2009 Android 1.5(Cup cake) April 30,2009 Android 1.6(Don ut) Android 2.0(Eclai r) October 26,2009 Android 2.2(Froy o) May 20,2010 Universal search box (search had been limited to the Web) Revamped Android Market: Browsing categories (Apps, Games, Downloads) and filters (Top Free, Top Paid, Just In) Camera: Toggle between camera and video modes; integrated photo gallery and camera with bulk photo deleting SDK expands support for gestures, voice-to-text Android 2.3(Ging erbread) December 6,2010 Android 3.0(Hon eycomb) February 22,2011 Live wallpaper; five home screens Speech-to-text added to any text field; microphone icon for voice dictation in e-mails, texts, and so on Virtual onscreen keyboard Camcorder mode for recording (and watching) video Stereo Bluetooth Home screen widgets and folders Direct upload to YouTube and Picasa Multiple user accounts Exchange support; universal email inbox Quick Contact pop-up widget to launch communications with friends in the address book Search saved SMS and MMS messages Camera improvements include support for flash and digital zoom Bluetooth 2.1 Keyboard improvements: Adaptive dictionary that includes contact names in suggestions Android 4.01(Ice Cream Sandwic h) October 19,2011 Android 4.1.1(Jel ly Bean) July 9,2012 Speedier OS USB tethering and hot-spot support Android Market update: Batch and automatic updates; installing apps to the SD card Adobe Flash 10.1 File uploading in the browser Improved Microsoft Exchange support: Security policies, global address lookup, calendar sync, remote wipe Bluetooth support for voice dialing and contact sharing Redesigned copy/paste WebM video compression support NFC (near-field communication) support Switch to front-facing camera from camera app Virtual keyboard shortcuts 3D graphics support Side-by-side browser tabs; private browsing Dual-pane modes for address book, e-mail Redesigned UI includes program thumbnails Video chatting with Google Talk Full-screen-mode photo gallery Bluetooth tethering Support for peripherals like keyboards and game pads Resizable widgets "Pay as you go" support for 3G, 4G tablets Various bug fixes and enhancements Support for virtual buttons in addition to touch-sensitive buttons Create folders by dragging apps on top of each other A new app tray tab for thumbing through widgets Calendar app now supports pinch-to-zoom Revamped Gmail user interface New Chrome browser syncs with your bookmarks, saves pages offline, supports 16 browser tabs More keyboard error correction, inline spell check Customizable lock screen, launcher Recent applications icon Roboto typeface New swipe/delete behavior Improved voice integration and copy and paste Face Unlock security feature Data Usage tracking Hide unwanted app icons Shut down apps that are using background data
- 3. I. JELLYBEAN OS As mentioned in introductory part above Jellybean OS is android 4.1 version. This version of OS is successor of Android of android 4.0: ice-cream sandwich. There is not much different between ICS and jellybean. There is highest degree of advancement in notification displays, probably the best among the entire smart phone OS. Google also have advanced its graphical interface with much clarity using Vsync and Triple Buffer. Google have also made android to compete Apple’s Siri which was introduced in apple 4s by introducing advance google now application. In spite of these advancement users won’t feel much change from ICS in speed and browsing capability and camera except jellybean have filmstrip show while taking photos. Hence google have introduced just a 0.1 increased version of 4(ICS). A. Project Butter Google has been organizing Google I/O conference annually. Likewise in 27, July 2012, google’s Project Butter was intended to address one of the major complaints that Android users had with their devices. The irritant that is screen lag. Majorly when using the touch interface. [1] Actually this project was intended to drive android OS up to 5 version but to complement the gap of 4 and 5 version google introduced 4.1. project butter have made android in competing IOS and Windows Phone OS, since by upgrading touch Sensitivity, smooth animation, advanced security system and many more. B. Notification Jellybeans have comfortable stacked notification display. All the notifications are stacked with uppermost expanded. Each notification can be zoomed by just a pinch. These notifications are directly connected to web through things like Google Now. Screenshots and videos also can be easily shared using android beam, messages and google music. For closing these notification is also simpler by just swiping them away. These features probably make best notification display among all smartphones. C. Voice Recognition/voice typing Previously, voice recognition was depended upon web, which was disabled during absence of internet and process is slow as well. This time we can use voice recognition while staying offline. Another good feature is that we can download voice recognizing driver according to accent. It is not good as online recognition but very much useful and probably third party will take greater advantage of it. Another good feature is that it has been directly connected to mobile search engine apps like google now, knowledge graph which will help in finding short meanings and definitions of words. We can use voice recognition to type. D. Google Now Google now is search engine in jellybean which can be driven by voice very easily. Moreover google assures user second guess will be success try. Another facility is that it will give you info of previously searches. It will give you information like arriving trains buses, delay of plane, nearest and good restaurant etc. Also it uses knowledge graph to give general knowledge like if we ask ―who is the present president of Nepal?‖ then handset will answer ―Dr. Ram Baran Yadav‖. E. Magic widget Google have made widgets in jellybean resizeable volunterily or non-volunterily, which makes easy and accessibility to widgets magical. F. Gesture Mode Google have made gesture mode more advanced that blind people can use the mobile easily. Also extended Braille keyboard and keyboard maps can be downloaded. Text traversal is easy while reading ebooks and as well as browsing internet. G. Android Beam Android beam is simply and NFC-based app in android os which helps in sharing your snaps, songs, videos easily. Instantly pair your phone or tablet to Bluetooth® devices like headsets or speakers that support the Simple Secure Pairing standard by just tapping them together.[2] H. Browser Google have used different advanced tool to make browsing easy. It has used HTML5, CSS3, Canvas Animation Kit Environment (CAKE) and Javascript Engine (V8). A combination of all these tools, browsing is very fast and has smooth animation. We can now use vertical text (Glyphs) for typing while browsing. Jellybean also have special property of updating apps. In jellybean process of updating app is just to download few component of that app un like downloading whole app, which makes easy and fast in updating. I. Display and Animation For smooth display and animation google have used Vertical synchronization (Vsync) and triple buffering. Vsync is system of responding graphics signal in vertical change (0 to 1 and vice-versa). Triple buffering is advanced way of responding and handling 3 signals in one time. In triple buffering the program has two back buffers and can immediately start drawing in the one that is not involved in such copying. The third buffer, the front buffer, is read by the graphics card to display the image on the monitor. Once the monitor has been drawn, the front buffer is flipped with (or copied from) the back buffer holding the last complete screen.[3] J. WiFi service discovery system Android 4.1 supports for multicast DNS-based service discovery, which lets mobile application to find services offered by peer devices. Helps in peer-to-peer connection due
- 4. to which apps discovers and pairs directly to high-bandwidth. Apps can initiate discovery for a specific service and filter the list of discovered devices to those that actually support the target service application. For example, this means that your app could discover only devices that are ―printers‖ or that have a specific game available, instead of discovering all nearby Wi-Fi Direct devices. On the other hand, your app can advertise the service it provides to other devices, which can discover it and then negotiate a connection. This greatly simplifies discovery and pairing for users and lets apps take advantage of Wi-Fi Direct more effectively. K. Keyboard and internationalization Jellybean supports bidirectional text. Improved support for Arabic and Hebrew. Vertical text is also support for Japanese and chinese languages using glyphs. It has custom keyboard input styles like QWERTY, QWERTZ , AZERTY, Dvorak, Colemak, and PC styles. , Android 4.1 includes 27 international keymaps. L. Security Jellybean OS is claimed to be hard to be hacked. Mainly features like Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) and Data Execution Protection. ASLR lets a data to take randomly different memory addresses and dep will defense against information leakage. Other function like PIE(Position Independent Executable) support, Read- only Relocation(once stored data can be just read) and to avoid leaking of kernel addresses function classes like dmesg_restrict and kptr _restricted is being used. M. Others features 1. Accessibility In Jellybean, now blind users can use 'Gesture Mode' to reliably navigate the UI using touch and swipe gestures in combination with speech output. The new accessibility focus feature, users can move a cursor between controls to maintain a target for the next action or a source for the next navigation event. You can double tap anywhere to launch the current item with accessibility focus. Text traversal in accessibility gives users more control – choose to move between pages, paragraphs, lines, words or characters. 2. Face Unlock Now in Jellybean, The Face unlock have been updated and is now faster and more accurate. Users can improve face matching accuracy by calibrating their face in different accessories (e.g. glasses, hat). Face unlock requires just a blink of time to verify that the user is unlocking the device. 3. Google Play Google Play is set of widgets and stuff it recommended with various content like apps, game, music, books and movies. In my Library widget we can see recent movies, books, music and magazines and dynamically changes based on what you have been engaging with recently. If we purchase from Google Play we can synced directly to play movies, TV show apps , we can add bookmarks to remember important imformation,and we also can hear songs from Google play by using a queue of track, by album etc 4. Messaging New notifications display the full text of incoming SMS messages. When receiving an MMS, users can view the full photo in a notification. IV. CONTRAST OF OS The contrast between android os, ios and windows phone os is given in the table below: Android It has currently at 650,000 total IOS It has 225,000 total Maps Offline see street view Browser sync Mobile Payment Video Chat Chrome It has Google wallet. It uses Gmail, Google talk , We can’t enter into Do Not Disturb mode It has AIM or Facebook message. It has Nexus Q. iphone users reared on Street View Use of icloud It doesn’t have NFC. It uses FaceTime. We can enter Do not Disturb mode. It has iMessage Apps Call Features Messaging Media Streaming It has AirPlay. Windows phone Windows Phone currently has 100,000 apps means terrific NAVTEQ maps Absent of browser It has digital wallet. It uses Skype. There is no sort of Do Not Disturb mode. It has Skype, Facebook message. It has SmartGlass V. CONCLUSION Hence we can see that android 4.1: jellybean OS is the best android OS ever made. But it is not much different than android 4.0: Ice-cream sandwich. Google have made it more advanced to compete with IOS and windows phone OS. They have shown true capability of android OS. We can draw out the following conclusions: pros Silky-smooth performance Improved notifications Chrome as default browser Resizable widgets cons Google Now is limited Available on few devices Few tablet-friendly apps No built-in lost device security
- 5. But the main challenge of jellybean is that it won’t be used to with or it won’t be compatible in much hardware and software also will be hard to develop since even ICS is having same problem. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We would like to present our gratitude to college for giving us this platform to present our skill in this android field. We would like to thanks Prof. Er. Niranjan Khakurel for his continuous support and encouraging us in completing this project paper. And at last thanks to friends and families. REFERENCES [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] Open Handset Alliance. Retrieved 2012-0215.http://www.android.com/whatsnew/Android - Android 4.1, Jelly Bean.htm "Triple Buffering: Why We Love It". AnandTech. June 26, 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-16.R. E. Sorace, V. S. Reinhardt, and S. A. Vaughn, ―High-speed digital-to-RF converter,‖ U.S. Patent 5 668 842, Sept. 16, 1997. Elgin, Ben (August 17, 2005). Bloomberg Businessweek. Bloomberg. Archived from the original on February 24, 2011. Retrieved 2012-0220. Cunningham, Andrew (June 27, 2012). Ars Technica. Retrieved 2012-09-15. http://www.techradar.com/reviews/pc-mac/software/operatingsystems/android-4-1-jelly-bean-1087230/review?artc_pg=5