Excel Functions

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INDEX
S.N. TOPIC PAGE NO.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
INTRODUCTION
FORMULA OPERATOR
FINANCIAL
MATHEMATICAL
TEXT
STATISTICAL
LOGICAL
LOOK-UP AND REFERENCE
FORMULA ERROR MESSAGES
3
4
5
11
17
22
25
28
31

Microsoft Excel provides several formula for calculation, logical,
lookup etc.
When using a formula in the spreadsheet :
 Result will automatically change as other cell values referenced in the formula
change.
 The user does not have to remember to update other cell.
 Formula always begins with an Equal Sign (=) followed by some other combination of
number, text, cell references and operator.
 If formula is entered incorrectly an ERROR message will appear.
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INTRODUCTION

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FORMULA OPERATOR
Operators are used in formulas to execute operations on the values taken by
formulas. Some operator is given below :
 Arithmetic Operators (+, - ,*, / , % , ^) are used in conjunction with numbers.
 Text Concatenation Operator (&) is used for joining text within text in referenced
cell.
 Comparison Operators (=,<,<=,>,>=,<>) are used to compare to values.
 Reference Operators [colon(:), comma (,), space ( ) ] specify a range, union operator
and Intersection Operator.

PMT
PPMT
IPMTFV
PV
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FINANCIAL FUNCTION
Financial Function calculates interest rates, loan Payments etc.

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PMT : It calculates the payment for a Loan (EMI) based on
constant payments and a constant interest rate.
Syntax : =PMT(rate, nper, pv, [fv], [type])
Example :

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PPMT : It calculates the Principle Amount in EMI.
Syntax : =PPMT(rate, per, nper, pv, [fv], [type])
Example :

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IPMT : It calculates the Interest Amount in EMI.
Syntax : =IPMT(rate, per, nper, pv, [fv], [type])
Example :

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FV : It returns the future value of an investment based on
periodic, constant payments and a constant interest rate.
Syntax : =FV(rate, nper, pmt, [pv], [type])
Example :

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PV : It calculates the present value of an Investment.
Syntax : =FV(rate, nper, pmt, [pv], [type])
Example :

POWER
SQRT
MODSUMIF
SUM
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MATHEMATICAL FUNCTION

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POWER : It returns the result of a number raised to a
power.
Syntax : =POWER(number, power)
Example :

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SQRT : It returns a positive square root.
Syntax : =SQRT(number)
Example :

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MOD : It returns the remainder after number is divided by
divisor.
Syntax : =MOD(number, divisor)
Example :

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SUMIF : It adds the cells specified by a given condition or
criteria.
Syntax : =SUMIF(range, criteria, sum_range)
Example :

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SUM : It adds the cell Values.
Syntax : =SUM(Number1, Number2, Number3…)
Example :

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TEXT FUNCTION
 CONCATENATE
 LOWER
 UPPER
 PROPER
 LEFT
 RIGHT
 MID
 LEN
 REPT
 ROW
 COLUMN
 TEXT
 FIND

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Example and Syntax :
Syntax
Result
LOWER : It returns the values in Lower case.
UPPER : It returns the values in Upper case.
PROPER : It returns the values in Proper case.
LEN : It returns the length of given text.

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Syntax
Result
LEFT : It extracts a given number of characters from the Left of a text.
RIGHT : It extracts a given number of characters from the Right of a text.
MID : It extracts a given number of characters from the Mid of a text.
REPT : This function repeats the characters a given number of times.

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Syntax
Result
ROW : This function returns the number of a row of given cell reference.
COLUMN: This function returns the number of a column of given cell reference.
TEXT : It convert numbers into text values.
FIND : This function returns the position (as a number) within a text string.

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CONCATENATE : This function joins text items together
and returns the result as text.
Syntax : =CONCATENATE(text1, text2…)
Example :

COUNT
COUNTIF
COUNTA
COUNT
BLANK
AVERAGE
MAX
MIN
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STATISTICAL FUNCTION

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Syntax
Result
MAX : This function returns the largest value in a set of values.
MIN : This function returns the smallest number in a set of values.
AVERAGE: It returns the average of the arguments.

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Syntax
Result
COUNT : Count the number of cell that contain numbers.
COUNTIF : It counts the number of cell within a range that meet the criteria.
COUNTA : It Counts cell that contain numbers, text, error values.
COUNTBLANK : It count blank cells in a range.

IF
ISBLANK
ISTEXTISNUMBER
EXACT
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LOGICAL FUNCTION

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IF : This function can perform a logical test and return one
value for a TRUE result, and another for a FALSE result.
Syntax : =IF(logical_test, value_if_true, value_if_false)
Example :

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Syntax
Result
ISBLANK : This function to test if a cell is empty or not.
ISTEXT : This function to check if value is text.
ISNUMBER : This function check whether a value is a number.
EXACT : This function compares two strings and returns TRUE if both are same.

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LOOKUP FUNCTION
LOOKUPVLOOKUP HOOKUP

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VLOOKUP : This function to lookup vertical i.e. left to right
& retrieve data from a specific column in table.
Syntax : =VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_number, range)
Example :

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HLOOKUP : This function to lookup Horizontal i.e. Top to
Down & retrieve data from a specific Row in table.
Syntax : =HLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, row_index_number, range)
Example :

ERROR DESCRIPTION
#DIV/0! The formula tries to divide by zero or divisor is a reference to a blank cell
#NULL! Two or more cell reference are not separated correctly in a formula.
#NAME? Formula contains text that Excel doesn’t recognize.
#VALUE! The formula has the wrong type of argument.
##### The column is not wide enough to display the result.
#REF! The formula refers to a cell that doesn’t exist.
#N/A A value is not available to a function or formula.
#NUM! A formula or function contains invalid numeric values.
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FORMULA ERROR MESSAGES

Excel Functions

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