FDDI AND TOKEN Ring
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The document outlines an educational activity plan consisting of several steps: 1. A 5 minute warm up video will motivate students. 2. Students will brainstorm essential questions about network cable types and features for 15 minutes. 3. The teacher will then demonstrate different cable types for 10 minutes before assigning independent research activities.
FDDI AND TOKEN Ring
- 1. Students understand network cables types and features of each one . • 5 min Act1 Warm up motivating video • 5 min Act2 Essential question brain storm • 15 min Act3 Introduction teacher demonstrate about cables • 10 min Act4 – TPS Searching about network access types • 10 min Act5 – listen to an animated video about FDDI and then asking questions. • 10 min Act6 - Teacher demonstrate “FDDI 11” • 10 min Act7 – brain storm “Q and A about FDDI ” • 5 min Act8 - Closing the session with a summery !. • 10 min Act8 Reflection • Home work 1
- 2. Classroom Norms Osama Ghandour Geris Assiut STEM School 2 Take notes in a paper
- 3. Warm up 5 Min motivating video Press here for on line Press here for off lineOR
- 4. Essential Questions • What are FDDI and TOKEN RING • How to select a suitable network access between FDDI , TOKEN RING and EATHERNET networks for mentioned specifications or design requirements ? • Why use FDDI network ? • What are the FDDI BENEFITS ? Brain Storm 5 min
- 5. Now set in groups During the next PPT • Take note as groups and I’ll pick one answer from each group One in desktop presents MARCH 6, 2003 FDDI 5 One takes picture One is observer COS I will take his comments in the end of the session
- 6. Networks: Token Ring and FDDI 6 IEEE 802.5 and Token Ring • Proposed in 1969 and initially referred to as a Newhall ring. Token ring :: a number of stations connected by transmission links in a ring topology. Information flows in one direction along the ring from source to destination and back to source. Medium access control is provided by a small frame, the token, that circulates around the ring when all stations are idle. Only the station possessing the token is allowed to transmit at any given time.
- 7. Networks: Token Ring and FDDI 7 Token Ring Operation • When a station wishes to transmit, it must wait for token to pass by and seize the token. – One approach: change one bit in token which transforms it into a “start-of-frame sequence” and appends frame for transmission. – Second approach: station claims token by removing it from the ring. • Frame circles the ring and is removed by the transmitting station. • Each station interrogates passing frame, if destined for station, it copies the frame into local buffer. {Normally, there is a one bit delay as the frame passes through a station.}
- 8. Networks: Token Ring and FDDI 8 Wiring center A B C D E Figure 6.58Leon-Garcia & Widjaja: Communication NetworksCopyright ©2000 The McGraw Hill Companies Token Ring Network with star topology
- 9. Networks: Token Ring and FDDI 9 Re-inserting token on the ring Choices: 1. After station has completed transmission of the frame. 2. After leading edge of transmitted frame has returned to the sending station The essential issue is whether more than one frame is allowed on the ring at the same time.
- 10. Networks: Token Ring and FDDI 10 IEEE 802.5 Token Ring • 4 and 16 Mbps using twisted-pair cabling with differential Manchester line encoding. • Maximum number of stations is 250. • Waits for last byte of frame to arrive before reinserting token on ring {new token after received}. • 8 priority levels provided via two 3-bit fields (priority and reservation) in data and token frames. • Permits 16-bit and 48-bit addresses (same as 802.3).
- 11. Networks: Token Ring and FDDI 11 Token Ring • Under light load – delay is added due to waiting for the token. • Under heavy load – ring is “round-robin” • The ring must be long enough to hold the complete token. • Advantages – fair access • Disadvantages – ring is single point of failure, added issues due to token maintenance.
- 12. Networks: Token Ring and FDDI 12 Token Maintenance Issues What can go wrong? • Loss of token (no token circulating) • Duplication of token (forgeries or mistakes) The need to designate one station as the active ring monitor. • Persistently circulating frame • Deal with active monitor going down.
- 13. MARCH 6, 2003 FDDI 13
- 14. Data link layer Layer2
- 15. Networks: Token Ring and FDDI 15 SD Destination Address Source Address Information FCS 1 4 EDFC 2 or 6 2 or 61 1 AC 1 FS 1 SD AC EDToken Frame Format P P P T M R R R Access control PPP Priority; T Token bit M Monitor bit; RRR Reservation Frame control FF frame type ZZZZZZ control bitF F Z Z Z Z Z Z Ending delimiter I intermediate-frame bit E error-detection bit Frame status A address-recognized bit xx undefined C frame-copied bit I EJ K 1 J K 1 A C x x A C x x Data Frame Format Starting delimiter J, K non-data symbols (line code)0 0J K 0 J K 0 Figure 6.61Leon-Garcia & Widjaja: Communication NetworksCopyright ©2000 The McGraw Hill Companies IEEE 802.5 Token and data frame structure
- 16. FDDI 16 5 min listen to an animated video about Token Ring Press here for on line Press here for off lineOR
- 17. FIBER DISTRIBUTED DATA INTERFACE (FDDI) ADNAN MASOOD ECE DEPT EMAIL: AM98@DREXEL.EDU 15 m in
- 18. MARCH 6, 2003 FDDI 18 INTRODUCTION • SHARED MEDIA NETWORK LIKE ETHERNET (IEEE 802.3) & IBM TOKEN RING (IEEE 802.5) • 100 Mbps SPEED • RUNS ON OPTICAL FIBER • AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE (ANSI) STANDARD
- 19. MARCH 6, 2003 FDDI 19 TIMELINE FOR FDDI Fiber Distributed Data Interface • PROJECT INITIATED IN OCTOBER 1982 BY JAMES HAMSTRA AT SPERRY (NOW UNISYS) • TWO PROPOSALS FOR MEDIA ACCESS CONTROL (MAC) & PHYSICAL (PHY) LAYERS SUBMITTED IN JUNE 1983 • FDDI MAC BECAME AN ANSI STANDARD IN LATE 1986 • FDDI PHY WON ANSI STANDARDIZATION IN 1988 • FDDI - II PROPOSAL WAS MADE IN EARLY 1986 • FIRST PUBLIC DEMONSTRATIONS AT ADVANCED MICRO DEVICES (AMD) IN 1989
- 20. MARCH 6, 2003 FDDI 20 TOKEN RING NETWORK
- 21. MARCH 6, 2003 FDDI 21 FDDI BASIC PRINCIPLE • TOKEN RING NETWORK LIKE IEEE 802.5 • TOKEN: A SPECIAL SEQUENCE OF BITS • TOKEN CIRCULATES AROUND THE RING • A STATION REMOVES THE TOKEN FROM RING BEFORE TRANSMISSION • AFTER TRANSMISSION, THE STATION RETURNS THE TOKEN TO THE RING • COLLISIONS ARE PREVENTED AS THERE IS ONLY ONE TOKEN IN THE RING
- 22. MARCH 6, 2003 FDDI 22 FDDI PHYSICAL PROPERTIES • DUAL-COUNTER-ROTATING TOKEN RING ARCHITECTURE • ONE RING IS PRIMARY AND THE OTHER SECONDARY • UP TO 500 STATIONS WITH A MAXIMUM DISTANCE OF 200 KM BETWEEN ANY PAIR OF STATIONS FOR MULTIMODE FIBER • WITH SINGLE-MODE FIBER THE DISTANCE CAN BE UP TO 40 KM • MAXIMUM RING LENGTH IS 100 KM (TOTAL FIBER LENGTH IS 200 KM FOR TWO RINGS) • USES 4B/5B ENCODING
- 23. MARCH 6, 2003 FDDI 23 FDDI DUAL RINGS FDDI DUAL RING ARCHITECTURE
- 24. MARCH 6, 2003 FDDI 24 OPERATION ON FAILURE OF THE PRIMARY RING
- 25. MARCH 6, 2003 FDDI 25 FDDI ARCHITECTURAL MODEL • ACCORDING TO THE OSI-RM, FDDI SPECIFIES LAYER 1 (PHYSICAL LAYER) AND PART OF LAYER 2 (DATA LINK CONTROL LAYER) • THE PHYSICAL LAYER HANDLES THE TRANSMISSION OF RAW BITS OVER A COMMUNICATIONS LINK • THE DATA LINK CONTROL (DLC) LAYER IS RESPONSIBLE FOR MAINTAINING THE INTEGRITY OF INFORMATION EXCHANGED BETWEEN TWO POINTS
- 26. MARCH 6, 2003 FDDI 26
- 27. MARCH 6, 2003 FDDI 27 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FDDI AND OSI-RM
- 28. MARCH 6, 2003 FDDI 28 THE PMD LAYER • PMD LAYER DEFINES THE TYPE OF MEDIA INTERCONNECTION AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS SUCH AS TRANSMITTER POWER, FREQUENCIES, RECEIVER SENSITIVITIES, BIT ERROR RATES (BER), OPTICAL COMPONENTS ETC. • PMD-MMF: MULTIMODE (62.5 MICRON CORE DIAMETER) FIBER • PMD-SMF: SINGLE-MODE (8-10 MICRON CORE DIAMETER) FIBER • ALSO DEFINES STP, UTP AS MEDIA AND FDDI ON SONET
- 29. MARCH 6, 2003 FDDI 29 THE PHY LAYER • PROVIDES THE MEDIA INDEPENDENT FUNCTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH THE OSI PHYSICAL LAYER • RECEPTION: DECODES THE RECEIVED BIT STREAM FROM PMD INTO A SYMBOL STREAM FOR USE BY THE MAC LAYER • TRANSMISSION: ENCODES THE DATA AND CONTROL SYMBOLS PROVIDED BY MAC USING 4B/5B ENCODING FOR THE PMD LAYER • ALSO PROVIDES SMT THE SERVICES REQUIRED FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF THE FDDI RING (BY CONTINUOUSLY LISTENING TO THE INCOMING SIGNAL)
- 30. MARCH 6, 2003 FDDI 30 THE MAC LAYER • PROVIDES FAIR & DETERMINISTIC ACCESS • FAIR: NO NODE HAS ADVANTAGE OVER ANOTHER IN ACCESSING THE MEDIUM • DETERMINISTIC: UNDER ERROR-FREE CONDITIONS, THE TIME A NODE HAS TO WAIT TO ACCESS THE MEDIUM CAN BE PREDICTED • MEDIUM ACCESS IS CONTROLLED BY A TOKEN • TOKEN PERMITS THE NODE THAT RECEIVES IT TO TRANSMIT FRAMES • THE MAC LAYER OF THE NODE THAT GENERATED THE FRAME IS RESPONSIBLE FOR REMOVING THE TOKEN
- 31. MARCH 6, 2003 FDDI 31 THE SMT LAYER • A SOPHISTICATED, BUILT-IN NETWORK MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT CAPABILITY • SMT IS NOT AN OSI-RM SPECIFICATION • MAKING USE OF THE SERVICES PROVIDED BY PMD, PHY, AND MAC, IT CARRIES OUT MANY FUNCTIONS SUCH AS NODE INITIALIZATION, BYPASSING FAULTY NODES, COORDINATION OF NODE INSERTION AND REMOVAL, FAULT ISOLATION AND RECOVERY • SMT IS MOST COMMONLY IMPLEMENTED AS A SOFTWARE PROCESS RUNNING ON THE FDDI DEVICE
- 32. Data link layer Layer2
- 33. Networks: Token Ring and FDDI 33 SD Destination Address Source Address Information FCS 8 4 EDFC 2 or 6 2 or 61 11 FS 1 PRE Preamble SD FC EDToken Frame Format PRE Frame Control Data Frame Format CLFFZZZZ C = Synch/Asynch L = Address length (16 or 48 bits) FF = LLC/MAC control/reserved frame type Figure 6.63 Leon-Garcia & Widjaja: Communication Networks FDDI frame structure
- 34. How could to know more about FDDI network ? 10 min • Example Movie Ask or call a college Ask a teacher Ask or call an expert or an engineer Search through search engine such as google or Bing for ppt or pdf files using your laptop or smart phone through internet connection Search through YouTube Search through wiki Beddia Osama Ghandour Geris Assiut 34
- 35. FDDI 35 5 min listen to an animated video about FDDI Press here for on line Press here for off lineOR
- 36. MARCH 6, 2003 FDDI 36 FDDI BENEFITS • HIGH BANDWIDTH (10 TIMES MORE THAN ETHERNET) • LARGER DISTANCES BETWEEN FDDI NODES BECAUSE OF VERY LOW ATTENUATION (≤ 0.3 DB/KM) IN FIBERS • IMPROVED SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO BECAUSE OF NO INTERFERENCE FROM EXTERNAL RADIO FREQUENCIES AND ELECTROMAGNETIC NOISE • BER TYPICAL OF FIBER-OPTIC SYSTEMS (10^-11) IS SUBSTANTIALLY BETTER THAN THAT IN COPPER (10^-5) AND MICROWAVE SYSTEMS (10^- 7) • VERY DIFFICULT TO TAP SIGNALS FORM A FIBER CABLE
- 37. MARCH 6, 2003 FDDI 37 FDDI LIMITATIONS • HIGH COST OF OPTICAL COMPONENTS REQUIRED FOR TRANSMISSION/RECEPTION OF SIGNALS (ESPECIALLY FOR SINGLE MODE FIBER NETWORKS) • MORE COMPLEX TO IMPLEMENT THAN EXISTING LOW SPEED LAN TECHNOLOGIES SUCH AS IEEE 802.3 AND IEEE 802.5
- 38. MARCH 6, 2003 FDDI 38 APPLICATIONS OF FDDI • OFFICE AUTOMATION AT THE DESKTOP • BACKBONES FOR FACTORY AUTOMATION • BACKEND DATA CENTER APPLICATIONS • CAMPUS LAN INTERCONNECTION • INTERCAMPUS BACKBONES OR METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORKS (MANs) • INTERCONNECTION OF PRIVATE BRANCH EXCHANGES (PBXS) • WORKGROUP AND DEPARTMENTAL LANS • INTEGRATED TRANSPORT FOR MULTIMEDIA APPLICATIONS
- 39. MARCH 6, 2003 FDDI 39 A FDDI BACKBONE NETWORK EXAMPLE
- 40. brain storm “Q and A about FDDI ” • Practical Network Systems Work in a group of 3/4 students , Write in a paper What are the tools , devices , cables and information which a network engineer should has for installing a FDDI network ? 10 min 10 min
- 41. Closing the session with a summery ! Note.all students should install the packet tracer network software application 5 min
- 42. MARCH 6, 2003 FDDI 42 COMPARISON OF TRANSMISSION MEDIA
- 43. Networks: Token Ring and FDDI 43 Differences between 802.5 and FDDI Token Ring • Shielded twisted pair • 4, 16 Mbps • No reliability specified • Differential Manchester • Centralized clock • Priority and Reservation bits • New token after receive FDDI • Optical Fiber • 100 Mbps • Reliability specified (dual ring) • 4B/5B encoding • Distributed clocking • Timed Token Rotation Time • token after transmit
- 44. MARCH 6, 2003 FDDI 44 COMPARISON WITH OTHER NETWORKS FEATURES FDDI ETHERNET TOKEN RING TRANSMISSION RATE 125 MBAUD 20 MBAUD 8 & 32 MBAUD DATA RATE 100 MBPS 10 MBPS 4 & 16 MBPS SIGNAL ENCODING 4B/5B (80% EFFICIENT) MANCHESTER (50% EFFICIENT) DIFFERENTIAL MANCHESTER (50% EFFICIENT) MAXIMUM COVERAGE 100 KM 2.5 KM CONFIGURATION DEPENDENT MAXIMUM NODES 500 1024 250 MAXIMUM DISTANCE BETWEEN NODES 2 KM (MULTIMODE FIBER) 40 KM (SINGLE- MODE FIBER) 2.5 KM 300 M (RECOMMENDED 100 M)
- 45. MARCH 6, 2003 FDDI 45 REFERENCES • SONU MIRCHANDANI & RAMAN KHANNA (EDITORS), FDDI TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS, CHAPTERS 1,2,3,6,13, JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., 1992 • AMIT SHAH & G. RAMAKRISHNAN, FDDI: A HIGH SPEED NETWORK, PTR PRENTICE HALL, 1994 • BERNHARD ALBERT & ANURA P. JAYASUMANA, FDDI AND FDDI-II - ARCHITECTURE PROTOCOLS, AND PERFORMANCE, ARTECH HOUSE, 1994 • LARRY L. PETERSON & BRUCE S. DAVIE, COMPUTER NETWORKS: A SYSTEMS APPROACH, MORGAN KAUFMANN, 2000 • HTTP://WWW.IOL.UNH.EDU/TRAINING/FDDI/HTMLS/ • HTTP://WWW.CISCO.COM/UNIVERCD/CC/TD/DOC/CISINTWK/ ITO_DOC/FDDI.HTM#XTOCID14 • HTTP://WWW2.RAD.COM/NETWORKS/1995/FDDI/FDDI.HTM
- 46. CCNA Certified Computer Network Administrator This Certificate from Cisco company free on line certificate from www.netacade.com Osama Ghandour Geris Assiut STEM School
- 47. Osama Ghandour Geris Assiut 47 Do your best , engage , have a good attitude , present and practice in Computer Lab. to win this certificate.
- 48. 5 min Reflection • What is your goal to accomplish in next week End Using FDDI network? Think out of the box such as creating a game or animated video for describing FDDI ! Osama Ghandour Geris Assiut 48
- 51. Home work 1 • You studied about network topologies , network cables and ways of transferring data how you can use one of these topics in your mimicry capstone. Osama Ghandour Geris Assiut 51
- 52. Home work 2 • Create a game or animated video for describing FDDI ? • Solve the on line quiz about network access types and its features . Osama Ghandour Geris Assiut 52
- 53. Download and Install packet tracer in your machine by next session to gain blue other wise you will be not rated . Mr. Osama Ghandour
- 54. packet tracer Press here for on line Press here for off line OR Video
- 58. MARCH 6, 2003 FDDI 58
- 59. https://twitter.com/osamageris https://www.linkedin.com/in/osamaghandour/ https://www.youtube.com/user/osmgg2 https://www.facebook.com/osama.g.geris Osama Ghandour Geris Assiut 59 Find me @ OR find me by clicking @
- 60. Thank you Mr. Osama Ghandour