Feed Manufacturing Basics
- 1. Basic Concepts in Feed Manufacture Magi Solutions
- 2. • Feed ingredients, (grain, meals, additives) are combined to satisfy nutrient requirements of livestock species and type. • Feed manufacturers process and deliver compound feeds to livestock producers. • Livestock products are delivered to food processors and then to the consumer. A more complicated version of “You are What You Eat!” Magi Solutions
- 3. • 800,000 tonnes of chicken meat – Domestic consumption • 150,000 tonnes of eggs • 325,000 tonnes of pig meat • 9,400 million litres of milk – 65% from Victoria • 2 million tonnes beef – with 60% exported • Horse industry valued at $6.4 billion • 76 million sheep Magi Solutions
- 4. • Feed processing methods can be chemical, thermal, or mechanical, or any combination, and may include microbial fermentation (such as silage). Magi Solutions
- 5. • Processing changes the particle size or physical appearance, separates parts of the seed or plant, improves digestibility or palatability, reduces or prevents spoilage, reduces or inactivates anti-nutritional factors, or improves handling and mixing. Magi Solutions
- 6. • Manufacture the right kind of feed for the type of animal to be fed. • The feed is nutritionally balanced with ingredients that are palatable and digestible for the type of animal. Magi Solutions
- 7. • Make the feed in a form that maximizes consumption and minimizes waste. • For example, pellets are more dense and keep the animal from ‘sorting’ ingredients. The animal may eat more and consume a more balanced ration as a result. Magi Solutions
- 8. • Process the feed to enhance digestibility through mechanical, chemical or thermal techniques • Increased digestibility allows the animal to digest and absorb the feed quicker and more efficiently Magi Solutions
- 9. • Measure, monitor and maintain quality control, ensuring that the feeds are not contaminated with bacteria, toxins, unapproved or excess medications or additives, or other unsafe ingredients (such as meat and bone meal in ruminant feeds). Magi Solutions
- 10. Truck Rail Barge Other Ingredient Receiving Steam Pellets to Storage Bagging Bulk Shipping Truck, Rail Meal/Mash Grain Receiving Grain Cleaning Grain Storage (Elevator) Magnetic Separator Milling Mixer Surge Hopper Storage Storage Weigh Storage Conditioning Crumbler/ Granulator (roller mill) Screen Pelleting Pellet Cooler Storage Magi Solutions
- 11. • Bagged Ingredients – Label compliance • Bulk ingredients – Quality assessment – Contract compliance Magi Solutions
- 12. • Cereal grains – Hammer mill or Roller mill – Coarse grind similar to “cookie” • Soft ingredients – Usually not pre milled, however some petfood manufacturers will. Magi Solutions
- 13. • Batching – Based on formulation – Bulk ingredients – Hand additions • Mixing – Various mixers can be used – Paddle, ribbon Magi Solutions
- 14. • Most feedmills use pelletting as primary cook method – Steam preconditioning – Pellet press • Extrusion – High temperature and pressure • Expansion – Pressure Magi Solutions
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- 17. • Cooling – To ambient temperature • Drying – Remove excess moisture to approx. 12% Both are used to reduce risks of poor pellet formation and mould growth Magi Solutions
- 18. • Finished feed bins • Bulk delivery to customer – Dedicated trucks • Bagging Magi Solutions
- 19. • The cost of feed ranges from 50 to 80% of the cost of raising livestock. • Many of our customers in feed manufacturing and livestock production have developed sophisticated systems for measuring and managing their feed costs. • Most manufacturers use Least Cost Ration Formulation Magi Solutions
- 20. • The nutritional requirements of the target animals (species, genetics, age, weight, sex, function) • The nutrients in available feedstuffs • The price of available feedstuffs From these they can calculate the best/least cost of the required nutrients each commodity supplies. Magi Solutions
- 21. • Identify the target animals • Identify the nutrient requirements for the animals • Choose the feed ingredients to be used and identify the nutrient content of the feeds • Calculate how much of each ingredient must be used • Check the nutrients in the finished feed against the needs of the animal Magi Solutions
- 22. • Species – Monogastics – Ruminants • Physiology – Maintenance – Growth – Reproduction Magi Solutions
- 23. • Protein – Amino acids • Energy – Lipids, carbohydrates, fibre • Moisture - water • Vitamins – Fat and water soluble • Minerals – Trace and Macro Magi Solutions
- 24. • But remember no one nutrient is more important than the others • A balanced and complete diet must contain all the necessary and essential nutrients Magi Solutions
- 25. • Most modern feed mills now incorporate a quality management system to ensure: – Customer satisfaction – Feed safety – Continuous improvement – Third party accreditation – Regulatory compliance Magi Solutions