Presentation on unconventional feed stuff complete1
- 1. PRESENTATION ON UNCONVENTIONAL FEED RESOURCES THEIR CHARACTERISTICS AND LIMITATIONS Suggested by : Dr. Vinod kumar Dr. Debashis Roy Dr. Muneendra kumar Dr. Raju kushwaha Dr. Shalini Vaswani Presented by : Harshit Saxena Bvsc. & A.H. (1st year)
- 2. What are Nonconventional feeds ? “It refers to all those feeds that have not been traditionally used for animal feeding either by farmers or by feed manufacturers in commercial feeds” These include the agricultural and industrial by products used in animal feeds at certain percentages depending on their palatability, nutritional value and toxic factors / anti- nutritional factors.
- 3. Need of Nonconventional feeds As India has 2.4% world’s geographical area And with 16% of world’s human India inhabit 15% of world’s livestock and poultry population Thus increasing demand of feed and fodder lead to development of new strategies of nutrition
- 4. Requirement of feedsuffs Green fodder- 1061MT Dry fodder- 589MT Concentra tes-135MT Shortage of various feedstuffs Green fodder-63% Dry fodder- 23% Concentrate -48% Graphical comparison between feed requirement and feed deficit
- 5. Role during scarcity • The use of nonconventional feed resources and agroindusrial byproducts as well as drought resistant vegetation in combination with urea and molasses can be used for meeting the immediate nutritional requirement under condition of scarcity. •About 60-80% Requirement of dry matter by animal is fulfilled by roughages.Whose demand can be fulfilled by collecting ‘Crop residues,dry grasses from forests ,fallen tree leaves etc.’ and feeding to animals. •As the cost of transportation and processing are higher they first compressed at the place of availability densified by mixing bran molasses, minerals etc then delivered. Ingredient % Banyan tree leaves 50 Maize grain 27 Groundnut cake 14 DORB 7 Minerals+Salt 2 Vitamin AD2 Nutrient % CP 17 DCP 8 TDN 42 Example of complete feed during scarcity
- 6. Characteristics of Nonconventional feeds 1.The field crops that generate valuable non conventional feeds are excellent source of carbohydrates for ruminants Ex: Tapioca ,sugarcane Feeding these fermentable carbohydrates is advantageous because of their ability to utilize NPN compounds in presence of energy 2.They are mainly organic and can be in a solid , slurry or liquid form 3.Their economic value is less than than the cost of collection and transportation for use thus referred as wastes 4.Some feeds contain toxic factors and have deleterious effect on animals. For example : Castor bean meal , neem seed cake 5. These are by products of food production systems that have not been used , recycled or salvaged
- 7. 6.Regarding the feeds of crop origin the majority are bulky and of poor quality cellulosic materials with a high crude fiber and lignin content. 7.They have considerable potential as feed materials. In case of feeds their value can be increased if processing techniques are employed. Ingredient % Jowar 10 Mangoseed kernel 10 Decoiled rice bran 25 Decoiled salseed meal 5 Safflower 5 Silk cottonseed cake 15 Cottonseed cake 20 Molasses 7 Mineral mixture 2 Salt 1 Example of concentrate mixture using Unconventional feedstuffs
- 8. Classification of Non conventional feeds Energy Sources 1.Vilayati babul pods 2.Apple waste 3.Cocoa pods 4.Coconut pith 5.Kusum cake 6.Mango seed kernel 7.Rain tree pods 8.Tamarind seed powder Protein Sources 1.Ambadi cake 2.Corn gluten meal 3.Corn steep liquor 4.Dhaincha seeds 5.Guar meal 6.Isabol gola and Isabol lali 7.Jowar cake and gluten 8.Niger seed cake 9.Rubber seed cake 10.Subabul seeds 11.Sun hemp seeds Miscellaneous Sources 1. Sugarcane tops 2.Babul pods and seeds 3.Banana root bulbs 4.Citrus By products 5.Jackfruit Waste 6.Palm male tree 7.Panewar seeds 8.Potato waste 9.Seawees bagasse 10.Azolla 11.Tea Waste 12Tomato Waste
- 9. Processing of NCFR to complete feeds and Total mixed ration •Before feeding Non conventional feedstuffs they must be well processed- (chaffing, grinding(8 mm) and pelleting) and mixed into a uniform blend that discourage selection. •For this the concept of “complete ration” is identified in which large number of Unconventional feeds are used to prepare proper nutrient ration to animal. •Expander extruder method is of importance in processing of such feeds . Expanding-application of moisture , pressure , temperature to gelatinize the starch portion. Extruding-pressing the feeds through constrictions under pressure. Dr. G.V. Narasa investigator,team of Excellence on Feed Technology and Quality assurance,NATP project of ICAR found that processing behaviour of crop residues such as bajra and soyabean straw ,castor and palm press fibre when subjected to Expander- Extruder processing and steam pelleting increase nutritious value of crop residues.
- 10. Constraints in the utilization of NCFR 1.Limited knowledge on the chemical composition and feeding values of Non conventional feeds. 2.Most of NCFR contains Anti-Nutritional factors thus not suitable for use in animal feed, And little knowledge about their characterization, quantification in ingredient ,and their long range effects on animal health and productivity. 3.Non availability of NCFR in large quantities. Production is scattered in definite areas. 4.Availability is restricted to particular season in a year. And no storage facility. 5.Lack of managerial and technical skills utilize the feed in situ. 6.Processing difficulties : Difficulties in collection , handling, transportation, and processing of these feeds.
- 11. Nutritious value and Deleterious factors in some unconventional feeds 1.Vilayati Babul pods : Nutritious value-Contains TDN-65%,CP-12% Deleterious factors-contain 0.74-1.5% tannins which is generally not harmful. 2.Cocoa pods : Nutritious value-TDN-63.5%,DCP-6.3%. Contains good amount of pottasium. Deleterious factors-Contains Theobromine a poisnous alkaloid. 3.Guar meal : Nutritious value-TDN-75-80%,CP-50-55% It is rich in methionine, cysteine and lysine and is good source of vitamins and minerals. Deleterious factors-Contains Antitrypsin factors, Residual guar gum.
- 12. 4.Dhaincha : Nutritious value-CP-32.7% It is good source is lysine and methionine. Deleterious factors-Contains trypsin inhibitor and tannins. 5.Sugarcane tops : Nutritious value-TDN-45%,CP-3% Deleterious factors-Oxalates 6.Palm tree : Nutritious value-TDN-40%,CP-3.5% Deleterious factors-Contains tannins. 7.Kusum Cake : Nutritious value-TDN-79.62%,CP-20.9% Deleterious factors-Cyanogenic glycosides.
- 13. 8.Tomato Waste : Nutritious value-TDN-55% CP-15% Deleterious factors-Generally no deleterious factor found.however they are prone to microbial infection. 9.Jowar Cake and Gluten : Nutritious value-TDN-67.2% CP-10% Deleterious factors-Contains tannin and is unpalatable 10.Subabul seeds : Nutritious value-TDN-65% CP-29% Deleterious factors-Contains ‘Mimosine’ which adversely affect reproductive ability of animals.