Fluid and crystallized intelligence
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Raymond Cattell and John Horn proposed the theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence in the 1960s. They argued that intelligence consists of two types: fluid intelligence (gf), which is innate problem-solving ability independent of knowledge, and crystallized intelligence (gc), which comes from experience and learning. Fluid intelligence involves abstract reasoning and declines with age, while crystallized intelligence involves acquired knowledge and can increase indefinitely through learning.
Fluid and crystallized intelligence
- 1. FLUID AND CRYSTALLIZED INTELLIGENCE By: Raymond Cattell and John Horn
- 2. What is the “fluid and crystallized intelligence”? In the 1960s American psychologists Raymond Cattell and John Horn applied new methods of factor analysis and concluded there are two kinds of general intelligence: fluid intelligence (gf) and crystallized intelligence (gc).
- 3. What is the “fluid and crystallized intelligence”? Raymond Cattell first proposed the concepts of fluid and crystallized intelligence and further developed the theory with John Horn. The Cattell-Horn theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence suggests that intelligence is composed of a number of different abilities that interact and work together to produce overall individual intelligence.
- 5. Fluid intelligence represents the biological basis of intelligence. Measures of fluid intelligence, such as speed of reasoning and memory, increase into adulthood and then decline due to the aging process.
- 6. Fluid intelligence involves being able to think and reason abstractly and solve problems considered independent of learning, experience, and education. Examples of the use of fluid intelligence: solving puzzles and coming up with problem solving strategies.
- 7. Fluid intelligence Examples of the use of fluid intelligence: solving puzzles coming up with problem solving strategies.
- 9. Crystallized intelligence the knowledge and skills obtained through learning and experience.
- 10. Crystallized intelligence As long as opportunities for learning are available, crystallized intelligence can increase indefinitely during a person’s life. For example, vocabulary knowledge is known to increase in college professors throughout their life span.
- 11. Crystallized intelligence involves knowledge that comes from prior learning and past experiences
- 12. Crystallized intelligence Situations that require crystallized intelligence include reading comprehension and vocabulary exams.
- 13. Crystallized intelligence This type of intelligence is based upon facts and rooted in experiences. As we age and accumulate new knowledge and understanding, crystallized intelligence becomes stronger.