Functions of management

FUNCTIONS
OF
MANAGEMENT
MARGRAT C R
ROLL NO:6

"Management is a distinct process consisting of
planning, organizing, activating and controlling to
determine and accomplish the objectives by the use of
people and resources."- G.R. Terry
DEFINITION OF MANAGEMENT
"To manage is to forecast and plan, to organise, to
command, to co-ordinate and to control."
- Henry Fayol
"Management is simply the process of decision
making and control over the action of human beings
for the express purpose of attaining pre-determined
goals."
- Stanley Vance

Koontz and O'Donnell explained five functions of
management. They have become widely
accepted functions of management everywhere.
They are
Planning
Organizing
 staffing
 directing and
 controlling.
5 FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT

Planning is deciding in advance
what to do, how to do
 why to do
where to do and
 who will be responsible for doing is planning.
Definition
"Planning bridges the gap from where we are to where we want to go.
It makes it possible for things to occur which would not otherwise
happen"
- Koontz and O'Donnel.

Importance of Planning
Planning provides directions
Planning reduces the risks of uncertainty
Planning reduces overlapping and wasteful activities
Planning promotes innovative ideas
Planning facilitates decision making
Planning establishes standards for controlling
Features of planning
Planning focuses on achieving objectives
Planning is a primary function of management
Planning is pervasive
Planning is continuous
Planning is futuristic
Planning involves decision making
Planning is a mental exercise

Planning Process
Setting objectives: Objectives may be set for the entire organization and each
department or unit within the organization.
Developing premises: Planning is concerned with the future which is uncertain
and every planner is using conjuncture about what might happen in future.
Identifying alternative courses of action: Once objectives are set, assumptions
are made. Then the next step would be to act upon them.
Evaluating alternative courses: The next step is to weigh the pros and cons of
each alternative.
Selecting an alternative: This is the real point of decision making. The best plan
has to be adopted and implemented.
Implement the plan: This is concerned with putting the plan into action.
Follow-up action: Monitoring the plans are equally important to ensure that
objectives are achieved.

Division of work into functions and sub-functions, grouping of activities
that are closely related in their nature, assigning of duties and
responsibilities to the employees and finally delegation of authority
and power to each employee or the group to discharge their duties
accordingly are the processes come under the function of
management organizing.
"Organization is the process of identifying and grouping of
the works to be performed, defining and delegating
responsibility and authority and establishing relationships for
the purpose of enabling people to work most efficiently".
- Louis A. Allen
Definition

Importance of Organizing
Organizing helps Organizations to reap the benefit of specialization.
Organizing provides for Optimum utilization of resources.
Organizing helps in Effective administration.
Organizing channels for Expansion and growth.
Organizing achieves co-ordination among different departments.
Organizing creates scope for new change.

Organizing Process
Division of work: The first process of Organizing includes identification and division of
work which shall be done in accordance with the plans that are determined previously.
Departmentation: once the work of identifying and dividing the work has been done
those are similar are to be grouped.
Linking departments: When the process of departmentation was completed, linking of
departments has to be done so that those departments operate in a co-ordinated
manner which gives a shape to overall organization structure.
Assigning Duties: On completion of departmentation process assigning duties i.e.
defining authority and responsibility to the employees on the basis of their skills and
capabilities has to be done, which in consequence magnifies efficiency with regard to
their work.
Defining hierarchal structure: Each employee should also know from whom he has to
take orders and to whom he is accountable/responsible.

Directing is nothing but guiding and leading the people in an
organization. It is not just giving instructions by a superior to the
sub-ordinates but also is a process of supervising, guiding and
motivating the latter to achieve the organizational goals.
"Activating deals with the steps a manager takes to get sub-
ordinates and others to carry out plans".
- Newman and Warren.
Definition

Importance of Directing
Direction initiates actions to get the desired results in an organisation.
Direction attempts to get maximum out of employees by identifying their
capabilities.
Direction is essential to keep the elements like Supervision, Motivation, Leadership
and Communication effective.
It ensures that every employee work for organisational goals.
Coping up with the changes in the Organisation is possible through effective
direction.
Stability and balance can be achieved through directing.

In the simplest terms, staffing in management is ‘putting
people to jobs’.
"Staffing is the function by which managers build an organisation
through the recruitment, selection, and development of individuals
as capable employees"
- McFarland
Definition
Importance of Staffing
Filling the Organisational positions
Developing competencies to challenges
Retaining personnel - professionalism
Optimum utilisation of the human resources

Staffing Process
Analyzing Manpower requirements: It is making an analysis of work
and estimating the manpower requirement to accomplish the same.
Recruitment: It is identifying and attracting capable applicants for
employment. it ends with the submission of applications by the
aspirants.
Selection: It is choosing the fit candidates from the applications
received in the process of recruitment.
Placement: This may be on probation and on successfully completion
of the same the candidate may be offered permanent employment.
Training and Development: It is concerned with imparting and
developing specific skills for a particular purpose.
Performance Appraisal: Systematic evaluation of personnel by
superiors or others familiar with their performance so as to rank
employees to ascertain their eligibility for promotions.

It is the process that ensures whether the resources are obtained and
used efficiently in achieving the organizational objectives
"Controlling is determining what is being accomplished - that is,
evaluating performance and, if necessary, applying corrective
measures so that performance takes place according to plans".
- Terry and Franklin.
Definition

Functions of management

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