Fundamentals of computer
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- 2. Accepts Data Input Processes Data Processing Produces Output Output Stores Data Storage 2
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- 4. Characteristics Description Automatic Works w/o human intervention Speed Works very fast Accuracy Performs every calculation with the same accuracy Diligence Free from monotony, tiredness, and lack of concentration Versatility Perform a wide variety of tasks Memory Can store huge amount of information and can recall them whenever required No I. Q. Possesses no intelligence No feelings Can’t make judgments based on feelings 4
- 5. At Home Computer for Small Business Computer for Mobile Users Computer for Large Business Organization Cartoon & Animation Desktop Publishing Computer for Education Computer for Hospital Computers at Railway Stations & Air Reservation Booth Computer for Power Users 5
- 6. Generation (Period) Key Hardware Technology Key Software Technology Key Characteristics Some Representation Systems First (1942-1955) Vacuum tubes Machine & Assembly languages Bulky in size; Highly unreliable; Production difficult & costly; Difficult to use; ENIAC, IBM 701 etc Second (1955-1964) Transistors High Level Programming Language Faster; Smaller; Reliable; Production difficult & costly; Honeywell 400, IBM 7030 etc Third (1964-1975) Integrated Circuit High Level Programming Language Faster; Smaller; More reliable; Production easier & cheaper; IBM 360/370, CDC 6600 etc Fourth (1975-1989) Micro- Processors Operating Systems, C & C++ Programming Language Small; Affordable; Reliable; Easy to use; Easier to produce commercially; IBM PC, Apple II etc Fifth (1989-Present) Artificial Intelligence World Wide Web, Multimedia, JAVA Programming Language Portable Computers; More powerful; Cheaper; Reliable; More easier to produce commercially; IBM notebooks, Pentium PCs, PARAM supercomputers 6
- 7. – Keyboard, Mouse, Touch Screen, Microphone, Scanner & Joystick – Monitor, Printer, Speaker, Headphone, Projector & Plotter – Arithmetic & Logical Unit, Control Unit & Memory Unit 7
- 8. Memory Unit/ – Volatile Memory (RAM) (Primary Storage Non Volatile Memory (ROM) Unit) Cache Memory Secondary Memory – Hard Disk (Local Disk) Optical Disks (CD-R, CD-RW, DVD-R, DVD-RW) Pen Drive, Floppy Disks, Memory Cards, External Hard Disk, Blu Ray Disk 8
- 9. – CPU, Microprocessor, Math Co. Processor, ROM, RAM, Expansion Slots, Chargeable Battery, Keyboard Connector 9
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- 13. – Operating System – DOS, Windows, Unix/Linux, MAC etc. Language Processor – Compiler, Interpreter, Assembler 13
- 14. – Software Package – Microsoft Office Package User Written Software/Program – Blue Java – Anti Virus, Disk Cleanup, Defragment etc. 14
- 15. On the basis of working principles – Analog Computer Digital Computer Hybrid Computer On the basis of size – Super Computer Mainframe Computer Mini Computer Micro Computer Workstations 15
- 16. – 7 bit Code – 8 bit Code – Unique number of every character 16
- 17. Decimal Number System – 0 to 9 Binary Number System – 0 or 1 Octal Number System – Base of 8 Hexadecimal Number System – Base of 16 17
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