Gamification: An Introduction
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Gamification is the incorporation of game design elements in non-game contexts to enhance motivation and wellbeing. It relates to human-centered design, focusing on intrinsic and extrinsic motivation factors such as autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Various platforms and frameworks illustrate gamification's application in areas like education, health, and customer relations.
Gamification: An Introduction
- 1. GAMIFICATION: AN INTRODUCTION Gustavo F. Tondello July, 2016 Photo: Game Night by Randy Robertson (CC BY 2.0)
- 2. What is Gamification? Photo: Gamification by michael davis-burchat (CC BY-ND 2.0)
- 3. Gamification can be seen as part of Positive Computing Sources: Positive Computing. Yu-kai Chou. Actionable Gamification: Beyond Points, Badges, and Leaderboards. Octalysis Media: 2015. Positive Computing “design and development of technology to support wellbeing and human potential.” Human-Focused Design “optimizes for human motivation in a system as opposed to optimizing for pure functional efficiency within the system.” Two focuses: wellbeing (goals) and motivation (means).
- 4. Source: Deterding, Dixon, Khaled, Nacke. From Game Design Elements to Gamefulness: Defining “Gamification”. MindTrek ‘11 What is Gamification Playful Design Gameful Design (Gamification) Toys Games Parts Whole Play Games
- 5. Gamification is “the use of game design elements in non-game contexts”. Level Description Example Game interface design patterns Common design solutions Badges, leaderboards, levels Game design patterns and mechanics Reoccurring parts of the design of a game that concern gameplay Time constraint, limited resources, turns Game design principles and heuristics Evaluative guidelines to analyze design problems solutions Enduring play, clear goals, variety of game styles Game models Conceptual models of the components of game experience MDA; challenge, fantasy, curiosity; game design atoms Game design methods Game design-specific practices and processes Playtesting, play-centric design, value conscious game design Source: Deterding, Dixon, Khaled, Nacke. From Game Design Elements to Gamefulness: Defining “Gamification”. MindTrek ‘11
- 6. Gamification is “the use of game design elements in non-game contexts”. Source: Deterding, Dixon, Khaled, Nacke. From Game Design Elements to Gamefulness: Defining “Gamification”. MindTrek ‘11 Training Education Health Fitness Nutrition Customer relations Human resources Team management
- 7. Gamification is mainly concerned with users’ motivation. Motivated users engage use a system or application more often and for longer periods. Motivated employees are more effective in their activities. A system may be great at performing its function, but users must be motivated to use it!
- 8. Photo: Mike Linksvayer (CC0) What do games make us experience that motivate us to play? How can we foster the same type of motivation in activities that are not games?
- 9. Theory of Motivation Sources: Self-determination theory (SDT). Rigby and Ryan. Glued to Games: How Video Games Draw Us In and Hold Us Spellbound. Praeger: 2011. Intrinsic Motivation: the activity is enjoyable by itself. • Autonomy: feeling free to choose one’s own goals and activities • Competence: feeling capable of accomplishing one’s goals and learning new things • Relatedness: feeling connected with other people Extrinsic Motivation: comes from the expectation of earning something (a reward) in return from completing an activity.
- 10. Motivation in Games Bernard Suits The Grasshopper: Games, Life and Utopia. 3rd Ed. Broadview, 2014. “Playing a game is a voluntary attempt to overcome unnecessary obstacles.”
- 15. Gamification Examples and Platforms Photo: Gamification of Life by VFS Digital Design (CC BY 2.0)
- 22. Gameful Design Photo: Gamification of Life by VFS Digital Design (CC BY 2.0)
- 23. Source: Brian Burke. Gamify: How Gamification Motivates People To Do Extraordinary Things. Bibliomotion: 2014. Gameful Design Process Define business outcomes and success metrics Define target audience Define player goals Define engagement model Define play space and game mechanics
- 24. Gameful Design Methods Marczewski’s Gamification Framework Octalysis Framework Lens of Intrinsic Skill Atoms Gamification Toolkit Gamification Model Canvas Kaleidoscope of Effective Gamification
- 25. Suggested additional material An Introduction to Gamification in Human-Computer Interaction Photo: Gamification by michael davis-burchat (CC BY-ND 2.0) What is Gamification?
- 26. Photo: A Board Game by Karen Borter (CC BY-ND 2.0)