Gamification in Requirements Engineering: a Systematic Review
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This document presents a systematic review of gamification in requirements engineering, highlighting its potential to enhance stakeholder engagement through game elements like points and badges. The study identifies common techniques used, sub-processes targeted, and both benefits and drawbacks associated with gamification in this context. Conclusions suggest a need for further research on effective methodologies and applications of gamification in requirements engineering.
![RQ01 - MOST APPLIED GAMIFICATION TECHNIQUES AND ELEMENTS IN RE
➤ Study [A8] applied 16 gamification
elements
➤ There were some elements that were
not used
➤ It was difficult to understand the
effect of each element on the
stakeholder engagement
➤ The success of gamification heavily
depends on the choice of game
mechanics and game elements](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/gamification-in-requirements-engineering-quatic-2018-180906154042/85/Gamification-in-Requirements-Engineering-a-Systematic-Review-18-320.jpg)
![RQ01 - MOST APPLIED GAMIFICATION TECHNIQUES AND ELEMENTS IN RE
➤ Study [A8] applied 16 gamification
elements
➤ There were some elements that were
not used
➤ It was difficult to understand the
effect of each element on the
stakeholder engagement
➤ The success of gamification heavily
depends on the choice of game
mechanics and game elements](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/gamification-in-requirements-engineering-quatic-2018-180906154042/85/Gamification-in-Requirements-Engineering-a-Systematic-Review-19-320.jpg)
![RQ01 - MOST APPLIED GAMIFICATION TECHNIQUES AND ELEMENTS IN RE
➤ Study [A8] applied 16 gamification
elements
➤ There were some elements that were
not used
➤ It was difficult to understand the
effect of each element on the
stakeholder engagement
➤ The success of gamification heavily
depends on the choice of game
mechanics and game elements](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/gamification-in-requirements-engineering-quatic-2018-180906154042/85/Gamification-in-Requirements-Engineering-a-Systematic-Review-20-320.jpg)
![RQ01 - MOST APPLIED GAMIFICATION TECHNIQUES AND ELEMENTS IN RE
➤ Study [A8] applied 16 gamification
elements
➤ There were some elements that were
not used
➤ It was difficult to understand the
effect of each element on the
stakeholder engagement
➤ The success of gamification heavily
depends on the choice of game
mechanics and game elements](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/gamification-in-requirements-engineering-quatic-2018-180906154042/85/Gamification-in-Requirements-Engineering-a-Systematic-Review-21-320.jpg)
![RQ02 - SUB-PROCESSES USED IN EXISTING RE GAMIFICATION PROPOSALS
➤ Study [A4]:
➤ Elicitation: they allows the
stakeholders to enter their needs
➤ Negotiation: the stakeholders can
reply and collaborate with needs
from other people
➤ Prioritization: They can vote,
selecting if they agree or not with
the need](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/gamification-in-requirements-engineering-quatic-2018-180906154042/85/Gamification-in-Requirements-Engineering-a-Systematic-Review-23-320.jpg)
![RQ02 - SUB-PROCESSES USED IN EXISTING RE GAMIFICATION PROPOSALS
➤ Study [A4]:
➤ Elicitation: they allows the
stakeholders to enter their needs
➤ Negotiation: the stakeholders can
reply and collaborate with needs
from other people
➤ Prioritization: They can vote,
selecting if they agree or not with
the need](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/gamification-in-requirements-engineering-quatic-2018-180906154042/85/Gamification-in-Requirements-Engineering-a-Systematic-Review-24-320.jpg)
![RQ02 - SUB-PROCESSES USED IN EXISTING RE GAMIFICATION PROPOSALS
➤ Study [A4]:
➤ Elicitation: they allows the
stakeholders to enter their needs
➤ Negotiation: the stakeholders can
reply and collaborate with needs
from other people
➤ Prioritization: They can vote,
selecting if they agree or not with
the need](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/gamification-in-requirements-engineering-quatic-2018-180906154042/85/Gamification-in-Requirements-Engineering-a-Systematic-Review-25-320.jpg)
Gamification in Requirements Engineering: a Systematic Review
- 1. GAMIFICATION IN REQUIREMENTS ENGINEERING: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW Rodrigo Cursino, Daniel Ferreira, Maria Lencastre, Roberta Fagundes and João Pimentel
- 2. AGENDA ➤ Motivation ➤ Goal ➤ Methodology ➤ Results ➤ Conclusions
- 3. REQUIREMENTS ENGINEERING ➤ It’s a key software engineering process ➤ Its aims to identify, analyze, document and validate requirements for the system to be developed ➤ We need to have the stakeholders engaged in the subprocess activities ➤ Failures on the communication between customer/team ➤ Lack of stakeholders engagement in some of RE subprocesses
- 4. GAMIFICATION ➤ Definition ➤ Gamification is the use of game elements in non-game contexts. ➤ Use points or levels to increase the sales of an e-commerce web site. ➤ Goals ➤ It’s used in order to make tedious, long and repetitive tasks into something more enjoyable and fun ➤ It’s also used to increase the users’ engagement
- 5. GAMIFICATION REQUIREMENTS ENGINEERING ➤ Understand the use of gamification within RE ➤ List some research opportunities in this fieldGOALS
- 6. METHODOLOGY
- 7. RESEARCH QUESTION How has gamification been applied in the context of Requirements Engineering?
- 8. RESEARCH QUESTION How has gamification been applied in the context of Requirements Engineering? Id Research question RQ01 What are the most applied gamification techniques and elements in the context of RE? RQ02 Which RE sub-processes have been targeted in existing RE gamification proposals? RQ03 What are the consequences of applying gamification elements in the context of RE? RQ04 What are the benefits, drawbacks, challenges, and lessons learned in applying gamification for RE?
- 9. SEARCH STRATEGY Search attributes Research question Publication period January 2007 – June 2017 Digital libraries Springer Link; ACM Digital Library; IEEE Xplore; ScienceDirect. Other data sources RE gamification expert Target items Journal papers; Conference papers; Workshop papers; Book chapters. Language English Search applied to Title; Abstract; Keywords.
- 10. SEARCH STRING (“requirements engineering” OR “requirements elicitation” OR “requirements identification” OR “requirements analysis” OR “requirements specification” OR “requirements validation” OR “requirements management” OR “requirements verification” OR “requirements negotiation” OR “requirements source” OR “requirements prioritization” OR “requirements documentation” OR “requirements modeling”) (gamification OR gamifying OR gamify OR “game-based” OR “game based”) AND GAMIFICATION REQUIREMENTS ENGINEERING
- 11. INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION CRITERIAS ➤ Duplicated studies ➤ Studies whose full text is not available ➤ Studies on which gamification is not applied to RE ➤ Gamification is applied to RE ➤ Written in English ➤ Published between January 2007 and June 2017 INCLUSION EXCLUSION
- 13. RESULTS
- 14. GENERAL DISTRIBUTION OF STUDIES PER YEAR NUMBER OF CITATIONS PER STUDY
- 15. GENERAL DISTRIBUTION OF STUDIES PER YEAR NUMBER OF CITATIONS PER STUDY
- 16. RQ01 - MOST APPLIED GAMIFICATION TECHNIQUES AND ELEMENTS IN RE ➤ Points, Badges and Leaderboards are the most popular ➤ 7 of 8 studies applied those elements ➤ This results is in accordance with other gamification researches (Hamari et al.,2014) and (Deterding et al., 2011)
- 17. RQ01 - MOST APPLIED GAMIFICATION TECHNIQUES AND ELEMENTS IN RE ➤ One study applied 16 gamification elements ➤ Most studies applied 2 to 5 gamification elements DISTRIBUTION OF THE NUMBER OF GAMIFICATION ELEMENTS BY STUDY
- 18. RQ01 - MOST APPLIED GAMIFICATION TECHNIQUES AND ELEMENTS IN RE ➤ Study [A8] applied 16 gamification elements ➤ There were some elements that were not used ➤ It was difficult to understand the effect of each element on the stakeholder engagement ➤ The success of gamification heavily depends on the choice of game mechanics and game elements
- 19. RQ01 - MOST APPLIED GAMIFICATION TECHNIQUES AND ELEMENTS IN RE ➤ Study [A8] applied 16 gamification elements ➤ There were some elements that were not used ➤ It was difficult to understand the effect of each element on the stakeholder engagement ➤ The success of gamification heavily depends on the choice of game mechanics and game elements
- 20. RQ01 - MOST APPLIED GAMIFICATION TECHNIQUES AND ELEMENTS IN RE ➤ Study [A8] applied 16 gamification elements ➤ There were some elements that were not used ➤ It was difficult to understand the effect of each element on the stakeholder engagement ➤ The success of gamification heavily depends on the choice of game mechanics and game elements
- 21. RQ01 - MOST APPLIED GAMIFICATION TECHNIQUES AND ELEMENTS IN RE ➤ Study [A8] applied 16 gamification elements ➤ There were some elements that were not used ➤ It was difficult to understand the effect of each element on the stakeholder engagement ➤ The success of gamification heavily depends on the choice of game mechanics and game elements
- 22. RQ02 - SUB-PROCESSES USED IN EXISTING RE GAMIFICATION PROPOSALS Sub-process Studies Elicitation A1, A2, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8 Negotiation A2, A3, A4, A7 Prioritization A2, A3, A4, A7 Validation A1, A4 Specification A4
- 23. RQ02 - SUB-PROCESSES USED IN EXISTING RE GAMIFICATION PROPOSALS ➤ Study [A4]: ➤ Elicitation: they allows the stakeholders to enter their needs ➤ Negotiation: the stakeholders can reply and collaborate with needs from other people ➤ Prioritization: They can vote, selecting if they agree or not with the need
- 24. RQ02 - SUB-PROCESSES USED IN EXISTING RE GAMIFICATION PROPOSALS ➤ Study [A4]: ➤ Elicitation: they allows the stakeholders to enter their needs ➤ Negotiation: the stakeholders can reply and collaborate with needs from other people ➤ Prioritization: They can vote, selecting if they agree or not with the need
- 25. RQ02 - SUB-PROCESSES USED IN EXISTING RE GAMIFICATION PROPOSALS ➤ Study [A4]: ➤ Elicitation: they allows the stakeholders to enter their needs ➤ Negotiation: the stakeholders can reply and collaborate with needs from other people ➤ Prioritization: They can vote, selecting if they agree or not with the need
- 26. RQ03 - CONSEQUENCES OF APPLYING GAMIFICATION ELEMENTS IN RE
- 27. RQ03 - CONSEQUENCES OF APPLYING GAMIFICATION ELEMENTS IN RE
- 28. RQ03 - CONSEQUENCES OF APPLYING GAMIFICATION ELEMENTS IN RE
- 29. RQ04 - BENEFITS & DRAWBACKS IN APPLYING GAMIFICATION FOR RE Potential Benefits Studies Increased stakeholder participation A4, A6, A8 Higher quality requirements A4, A6, A8 More innovative requirements A4, A6, A8 Improved communication A3 Better prioritization A5
- 30. RQ04 - BENEFITS & DRAWBACKS IN APPLYING GAMIFICATION FOR RE Potential Drawbacks Studies Reduction of honesty A2 Unbalanced prioritization (polarization) A2 Inhibited creativity A5 Poor interface A6 Disinterest in contributing A7 Shallow requirements A7
- 31. RQ04 - BENEFITS & DRAWBACKS IN APPLYING GAMIFICATION FOR RE Potential Drawbacks Studies Reduction of honesty A2 Unbalanced prioritization (polarization) A2 Inhibited creativity A5 Poor interface A6 Disinterest in contributing A7 Shallow requirements A7
- 32. CONCLUSIONS ➤ The use of game elements: ➤ Increased stakeholders engagement on RE activities ➤ Improved the cooperation and communication of stakeholders ➤ Lack of a systematic methodology to implement gamification in RE ➤ RE subprocesses still has some potential to be explored as gamification targets
- 33. FUTURE WORK ➤ Explore the reasons that lead to a low number of works in gamification within RE; ➤ Conduct studies on applying gamification in activities related do Validation and Specification sub-processes; ➤ Explore different types of game elements.
- 34. GAMIFICATION IN REQUIREMENTS ENGINEERING: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW Rodrigo Cursino, Daniel Ferreira, Maria Lencastre, Roberta Fagundes and João Pimentel