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Gate Level 
Minimization 
Nugroho Adi P, S.Si, M.Sc 
nugnux@gmail.com, aravir@me.com 
http://aravir-rose.blogspot.com
untuk mendapatkan jumlah gerbang yang optimal
Map Method 
lebih tersturktur dari metode aljabar
Karnaugh Map 
K-map
Karnaugh Map
Karnaugh Map
Karnaugh Map 
m1 +m2 +m3 
=x’y+xy’+xy 
=x+y
xy
x+y
K-map 3 variabel
K-map 3 variabel
m5+m7 
m5 +m7 
=xy’z+xyz 
=xz(y’+y) 
=xz
F(x,y,z) = Σ(2,3,4,5)
F(x,y,z) = (2, 3, 4, 5) 
F = x’y + xy’
m0 dan m2 
m0 +m2 
=x’y’z’+x’yz’ 
=x’z’(y’+y) 
=x’z’
m4 dan m6 
m4 + m6 
= xy’z’ + xyz’ 
= xz’+(y’ + y) 
=xz’
F (x, y, z) = (3, 4, 6, 7)
F(x,y,z) = ( 3, 4, 6, 7) 
F = yz + xz’
m0 +m2 +m4 +m6 
F(x,y,z) = Σ(0,2,4,5,6) 
F = A’C + A’B + AB’C + BC 
f=xy+xz’+yz+x’y’z’ 
! 
!
K-map 4 variabel
K-map 4 variabel
F(w,x,y,z) = Σ(0,1,2,4,5,6,8,9,12,13,14)
F(w,x,y,z) = Σ(0,1,2,4,5,6,8,9,12,13,14) 
F = y’ + w’z’ + xz’
F = A’B’C’ + B’CD’ + A’BCD’ + AB’C’
F = A’B’C’ + B’CD’ + A’BCD’ + AB’C’ 
F = B’D’ + B’C’ + A’CD’
Don’t Care 
minterm yang tidak penting
Don’t Care 
F(w,x,y,z) = Σ(1,3,7,11,15) 
d(w,x,y,z) = Σ(0,2,5)
F(w,x,y,z) = Σ(1,3,7,11,15) 
d(w,x,y,z) = Σ(0,2,5)
Gate level minimization (1st update)
F(w,x,y,z) = Σ(1,3,7,11,15) 
d(w,x,y,z) = Σ(0,2,5) 
! 
F = yz + w’x’ 
F = yz + w’z 
F’ = z’ + wy’
1. F(x,y,z) = Σ(0,1,4,5,6); d = Σ(2,3,7) 
2. F(A,B,C,D) = Σ(0,6,8,13,14); d = Σ(2,4,10) 
3. F(A,B,C,D) = Σ(5,6,7,12,14,15); d = Σ(3,9,11,15) 
4. F(A,B,C,D) = Σ(4,12,7,2,10); d = Σ(0,6,8)
Build Your Own Gate
Along with the law of nature that decrees that 
buttered toast always lands butter-side down, 
there is one that states 'However many logic 
gates we have, the one we want is not amongst 
them'. 
–John Crisp
4-input AND gate from two 
3-input AND gates.
3-input OR gate as a 2-input 
gate
3-input OR gate as a 2-input 
gate
3-input AND gate as a 2- 
input gate
3-input AND gate as a 2- 
input gate
NAND dan NOR 
the basic gates used in all IC digital logic families
NAND 
Gerbang Universal
Gerbang Universal
NAND
Gerbang Apa ini?
Gate level minimization (1st update)
Two Level Implementation 
F = AB + CD
F = AB + CD
F = AB + CD
F = AB + CD
F(x,y,z) = (1,2,3,4,5,7)
Selesai 
“Dan dia hidup bahagia selama-lamanya…”

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Gate level minimization (1st update)