gis project planning and management
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This document outlines the planning process for a GIS analysis project to identify suitable sites for a new wastewater treatment plant. It discusses why many GIS projects fail, the types and phases of GIS projects. It then details the steps involved in a GIS analysis project including: defining the objective, creating the project database by identifying and preparing data, analyzing the data using spatial modeling functions, and presenting the results. For the wastewater treatment plant project, the analysis will identify parcels that meet criteria like being in a low-lying area near water and not residential, and the results will be shown on a presentation map.
gis project planning and management
- 2. CONTENTS Introduction Why GIS project fail? Types of project Phases Steps of system development involved in GIS analysis project Planning a wastewater treatment plant 2
- 3. INTRODUCTION GIS implementation and project planning can be learned most effectively by practice. 85% of GIS projects fail to some degree. 87% go more than 50% over budget 45% don’t produce the expected benefits 90% go over schedule 3
- 4. WHY GIS PROJECTS FAIL Poor Scope Schedule No quality Standards No systems integration No executive sponsorship No staff training Unrealistic cost estimates 4
- 5. TYPES OF PROJECT : ANALYSIS PROJECT : The scenario for this type of project involves finding the best site for a new wastewater treatment plant. SOFTWARE PROJECT: It deals with the business scenario which is need of change for higher productivity or efficiency. PHASES OF SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT USED IN GIS PROJECT PLANNING : SDLC PROBLEM DEFINITION DEVELOPMENT PHASE MAINTAINENCE PHASE 5
- 6. PROBLEM DEFINITION PHASE : regarding ‘what’ What data is required for input What data is available What Information is required by the user as output DEVELOPMENT PHASE : regarding ‘how’ How data obtained and structured How processes are implemented How testing will be performed MAINTAINENCE PHASE : regarding “change” Deals with questions regarding “change”, such as those changes associated with error fixing. design modifications functional enhancements As well as software upgradation. 6
- 7. The development cycle can be depicted by a pyramid model. The details of this model pertinent to four components of information system , i.e., data, people, application and technology. PLANNING ANALYSIS DESIGN IMPLEMENTATION SUPPORT 7
- 8. STEPS INVOLVED IN GIS ANALYSIS PROJECT Identify the project objective : The first step of the process is to identify the objective of the analysis. the following are the questions considered in identifying your objectives: •What is the problem to solve? How is it solved now? Are there alternate ways to solve it using a GIS? •What are the final products of the project—reports, working maps, presentation-quality maps? •Who is the intended audience of these products—the public, technicians, planners, officials? •Will the data be used for other purposes? What are the requirements for these? This step is important because the answers to these questions determine the scope of the project as well as how to implement the analysis. 8
- 9. Create the project database : • Designing the database includes identifying the spatial data needed based on the requirements of the analysis, determining the required feature attributes, setting the study area boundary, and choosing the coordinate system to use. • Automating the data involves digitizing or converting data from other systems and formats into a usable format, as well as verifying the data and correcting errors. • Managing the database involves verifying coordinate systems and joining adjacent layers. Creating the project database is a critical and time- consuming part of the project. The completeness and accuracy of the data used in analysis determines the accuracy of the results. 9
- 10. Analyse the data : • The third step is to analyze the data. Analyzing the data in a GIS ranges from simple mapping to creating complex spatial models. • A model is a representation of reality used to simulate a process, predict an outcome, or analyze a problem. • A spatial model involves applying one to three categories of GIS functionality to some spatial data. These functions are: •Geometric modelling functions—calculating distances, generating buffers, and calculating areas and perimeters •Coincidence modelling functions—overlaying datasets to find places where values coincide •Adjacency modelling functions—allocating, path finding, and redistricting With a GIS, the analysis is done quickly . It is time efficient. 10
- 11. Present the results: • The fourth step is to present the results of analysis. • Final product should effectively communicate the findings to the audience. • In many cases, the results of a GIS analysis can best be shown on a map. • Charts and reports of selected data are two other ways of presenting the results. 11
- 12. PLANNING A WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT STEP 1: IDENTIFYING THE OBJECTIVE : A preliminary review of existing paper maps show that the most likely location for the plant is in the northwest corner of the city, near the river, and in a low- lying area. This will be the study area for the project. The GIS analysis allows to combine the criteria to identify specific parcels that are suitable sites. STEP 2: CREATE THE PROJECT DATABASE: Assemble the project data: need to identify the dataset and any attributes required for each criteria. To find areas below 365 meters elevation, need a source of elevation data. polygon of areas are created from the grid because the only need is to know whether or not a area is below 365 meters. This data is in a shapefile format. The area database includes a land use attribute that is used to identify residential areas—so you can buffer them —and vacant areas 12
- 13. Prepare the data for analysis: Based on the review of the data, determine the layers used and which require additional processing for use in the analysis. Some of the common tasks involved in preparing data for analysis include: •Checking data quality—making sure the data is accurate and upto-date •Converting data between formats •Automating data by digitizing, scanning, converting •Defining coordinate systems •Projecting layers to a new coordinate system •Merging adjacent layers 13
- 14. Most of the data for the project is already in coverage, shapefile, all of which ArcGIS can be used effectively. STEP 3: ANALYZE THE DATA: The analysis consists of three phases. • In the first phase, create a layer of the areas the plant should be outside and another layer of the areas the plant should be within. • In phase two, use these layers to select a subset of areas that are in a suitable location, then select the subset of these that are vacant to create a layer of suitable area. • In the third phase, consider the city’s additional criteria that define the highly suitable areas. 14
- 15. STEP 4 : PRESENT THE RESULTS: For this project, present the results of the analysis on a presentationquality map that shows the area that are suitable and highly suitable sites. For this project, the elevation grid is showed as a backdrop so map readers can see the areas of lower and higher elevation in the city, as elevation has a major impact on the location of the wastewater treatment plant. 15
- 16. THANK YOU 16