Global Energy Consumption and alternative technologies
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Global energy consumption is increasing at 2.4% annually, straining resources and causing more pollution. Residential energy usage, especially for heating, cooling and hot water, accounts for a large portion of total usage. Alternative technologies like solar PV, solar thermal, and geothermal can help reduce energy consumption and shift to cleaner sources. These technologies are becoming more affordable with government incentives that cover 30% or more of installation costs, making them viable options for homeowners looking to save money and help the environment.
Global Energy Consumption and alternative technologies
- 1. Global energy consumption & Alternative technologies A presentation by Harald Ibele GeoSolNC, LLC
- 2. Notes and Disclaimer Infineon Presentation at Napa KGD September 2008 Wikipedia Various other sources, credits on most pages, though not all Due to the variety of data available, especially concerning pie charts dealing with energy consumption allocation, the author has taken a somewhat conservative approach and used average values. Actual values vary depending on actual location, quality of construction, size of family and personal habits. The author does not make any claims to the absolute correctness of all information contained herein nor to the completeness. This presentation is solely an attempt to show the capabilities and availability of different technologies, techniques and trends available at the time of writing. Author assumes no liability for damages caused by relying on this information and encourages the reader to perform their own additional research. Corrections and suggestions for improvement are welcome. Please do not re-print, save paper. You are invited to spread this freely via e-mail though. Happy reading. Harald Ibele Indian Trail NC February 2009
- 3. Overview Current consumption of energy Residential energy consumption Ways to reduce energy consumption Overview of available technologies: Solar PV Solar Thermal Geo Thermal Other Government support Q&A/open discussion
- 4. Dwindling Dwindling resources require efficient energy management. Dwindling energy resources combined with growth in electrical energy demand of 2.4% p.a. worldwide forces us to use energy wisely. Saving energy is becoming a standard issue for al industrial, commercial and household applications.
- 5. Pollution Higher pollution, emissions and potential damage to the climate require "clean" solutions. Pollution, along with environmental and climate protection have become global concerns. Reducing pollution by minimizing energy wastage is becoming a standard requirement for all areas of life.
- 7. Energy use by Type 1970 - 2025
- 9. Where is energy used in US?
- 10. Efficency Burn Coal to heat water to drive turbine to generate electricity: Coal 31% efficient/Oil 36-40% Transmission line loss 7.2% Take electricity to heat up water in electric water heater 90%(60% gas) efficient
- 11. Where can we safe?
- 12. Where does my money goes?
- 13. Where can we save? Where can we save? Costs Do-it-yourself efficiency improvements (10-30%) $ Heating/Cooling (60%) $$$ Hot Water (60%) $$ Lighting (75%) $ Standby Power and Electronics (50% $ Appliances (20-30%) $$ Modifying Habits, Awareness (10%) Free
- 14. Do-it-yourself efficiency improvements Analyze Electric bill for spikes April / October are the months with least heating / cooling load, this is the base Compare bill with utility calculator (i.e. Duke Power) Locate Air Leaks and seal (windows, doors) Check Attic insulation and add Check ductwork for leaks Insulate hot water heater and hot water line Caulk holes on outside of house Replace incandescent light bulbs with HIGH QUALITY Compact Fluorescent light bulbs
- 16. Blower Door Test Testing the air tightness of a home using a special fan (blower door) can help to ensure that air sealing work is effective. Often required by energy efficiency incentive programs like DOE,EPA Energy Star Program.
- 17. IR Inspection
- 18. World renewable Energy * GWth ** Billion liters/year
- 19. What is Solar? Earth upper atmosphere receives more solar energy in one hour than worldwide energy consumption in one year 30% reflected back into space, rest absorbed by clouds, oceans, earth 1500W / m2 – 1000W at MSL 50% of heat (energy) stored in earth’s upper surface PV conversion efficiency currently 20% Experimental 25% Theoretical limit 29%
- 20. What is Solar Energy? PV – Solar Electric (photovoltaic) Solar Dish w/ Stirling engine uses temperature differential to convert energy from heat into mechanical work Solar Trough concentrates sunshine to heat liquid, drive steam turbine and harvest electricity Solar Tower same as above Solar is 85 times as efficient as growing corn for ethanol
- 21. Where is PV installed?
- 22. Solar Dish with Stirling Engine uses temperature differential to convert energy from heat into mechanical work
- 24. Solar Trough concentrates sunshine to heat liquid, drive steam turbine and harvest electricity
- 25. Solar Tower with mirrors
- 26. Solar Radiation Map of US
- 27. World Solar Radiation Map 1TW = 1000GW, 1GW = 1000MW 1MW = 1000KW , 2004 / 14TW
- 28. How can I use solar? Direct Solar Sources: Solar PV for electricity Solar Thermal for hot water and hydronic Indirect Solar Sources: GeoThermal for heating / cooling, hot water, hydronic
- 29. Solar PV – How it works?
- 31. Example installation 5KW installation with SJC CA 36x165W panels 32cents feed-in tariff, 25yr lifespan, 6-8yrs amortization
- 35. Cost for Solar PV Relatively expensive +-$4/W $6-8/W installed 30% Federal tax credit no cap 35% State tax credit up to $10,500 5 yr carryover out of pocket 35% Net metering $.19/KWh Federal loan guarantees
- 36. What is SolarThermal? Systems: Flat plate collectors Thermosyphon Evacuated vacuum tubes They all use the greenhouse effect to trap heat and a copper conductor and liquid to transfer the heat Electric back-up 100% Hot water in summer, 60-70% year-round Hydronic
- 38. SPC – How it works
- 39. Thermosiphon
- 40. Cost for SolarThermal Depending on technology Evacuated tubes most efficient Summer 1.6x, winter .5x* Cost 2x Hotter water Works on cloudy days, UV Depending on size of household +-$6000 Tax credit up to $3400 Amortize in 3-5 years at no additional cost Reduce electric bill +- 15-20%
- 42. EVT – How it works
- 43. EVT – How it works
- 44. EVT – How it works
- 45. Hydronic
- 46. Hydronic – How it works
- 47. Cost for Hydronic $6-8 per square foot installed Tax rebates available Federal 30%, $2000 max State 35%, $3500 max Reduces heating expenses by 50%, Electric bill by 25% in winter, 15% avg
- 49. Geothermal Energy at Home
- 50. GeoThermal Map of US
- 52. Cost for GeoThermal $4-6000 per ton Can be tied into existing HVAC ductwork 3.5x as efficient as air heat pump Reduces heating/cooling bill by 50-75% Tax credits available $2000 Federal, $3500 State
- 53. Additional energy sources Wind power Biomass Tidal power Corn ethanol (know as inefficient) Composting Recycling
- 54. Overview Government support Federal Incentives up to 30% $2000 on select technologies No upper limit on PV NC incentives $1400-$10,500 Utility rebate programs Loan guarantees
- 55. Outlook
- 56. Questions? Thank you for your attention! Do you have any questions?