Globalization
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This document discusses the causes and effects of globalization. It identifies five key causes: improved communications, improved transport, free trade agreements, global banking, and the growth of multinational corporations. Some effects mentioned are a changed global food supply with year-round availability, offshoring of manufacturing jobs to lower costs, less job security, environmental damage from increased transport, cultural impacts from the spread of media, and more anti-globalization protests. The rapid growth of multinational corporations both drives and benefits from increased globalization.
Globalization
- 4. Causes of Globalization: 1. Improved Communications
- 5. Causes of Globalization 2. Improved Transport • The development of refrigerated and container transport, bulk shipping and improved air transport has allowed the easy mass movement of goods throughout the world. These assist globalization.
- 6. Causes of Globalization: 3. Free Trade Agreements
- 7. Causes of Globalization: 4. Global Banking • Modern communication technologies allow vast amounts of capital to flow freely and instantly throughout the world. • The equivalent of up to $US1.3 trillion is traded each day through international stock exchanges in cities such as New York, London and Tokyo.
- 8. Causes of Globalization: 5. The Growth of MNCs • The rapid growth of big MNCs such as Microsoft, McDonalds and Nike is a cause as well as a consequence of globalisation. • The investment of MNCs in farms, mines and factories across the world is a major part of globalisation. • Globalisation allows MNCs to produce goods and services and to sell products on a massive scale throughout the world.
- 9. The Effects of Globalisation: 1. Changed Food Supply • Food supply is no longer tied to the seasons. We can buy food anywhere in the world at any time of the year.
- 10. The Effects of Globalization: 2. Division of Labour • Because MNCs search for the cheapest locations to manufacture and assemble components, production processes may be moved from developed to developing countries where costs are lower.
- 11. The Effects of Globalisation: 3. Less Job Security • In the global economy jobs are becoming more temporary and insecure. • A survey of workers worldwide showed that people now hold more than 10 jobs over their working life.
- 12. The Effects of Globalization: 4. Damage to the Environment • More trade means more transport which uses more fossil fuels and causes pollution. • Climate change is a serious threat to our future.
- 13. The Effects of Globalization: 5. Cultural Impact • Websites such as YouTube connect people across the planet. As the world becomes more unified, diverse cultures are being ignored. MNCs can create a monoculture as they remove local competition and thereby force local firms to close. Replacing
- 14. The Effects of Globalization 6. Increase in anti-Globalization Protests • There is a growing awareness of the negative impacts of globalisation. People have begun to realise that globalisation can be challenged by communities supporting each other in business and society and through public protest and political lobbying.
- 15. THANK YOU VERY MUCH – MARAMING SALAMAT
- 16. References Al-Rodhan, R.F. Nayef and Gérard Stoudmann. (2006). Definitions of the Globalization: A Comprehensive Overview and a Proposed Definition . Albrow, Martin and Elizabeth King (eds.) (1990). Globalization, Knowledge and Society London: Sage. ISBN 978-0803983243 "Imagining the Internet". History of Information Technologies. Elon University School of Communications. Retrieved 10 August 2015. Stever, H. Guyford (1972). "Science, Systems, and Society". Journal of Cybernetics 2 (3): 1–3. doi:10.1080/01969727208542909. Wolf, Martin (2014). "Shaping Globalization" (PDF). Finance & Development 51 (3): 22–25.