GROUP 3 - Introduction to Electronics (1).pdf
- 1. I N T R O D U C T I O N T O E L E C T R O N I C S I N T R O D U C T I O N T O E L E C T R O N I C S
- 2. A G E N D A 06 Quiz 01 What is Electronics 02 Career in the electrical and electronics Field 03 History of Electronics 04 Application of Electronics 05 Common Electronics Components
- 3. WHAT IS ELECTRONICS? Electronics is the study of devices that can control the flow of electricity.
- 4. CAREER IN THE ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS FIELD
- 5. ELECTRICAL ENGINEER Electrical engineers make up the largest branch of engineering. An electrical engineer designs new products, writes performance specifications, and develops maintenance. The electrical engineering field is divided into two specialty groups: Electrical Engineering and Electronics Engineering. An electrical engineer works in one or more areas of power-generating equipment, power-transmitting equipment, electric motors, machinery control, and lighting and wiring installation. Electronics engineer works with electronic equipment associated with radar, computers, communications, and consumer goods. Electrical Engineering Electronics Engineering
- 6. ELECTRICAL ENGINEER The number of engineers in demand is expected to increase annually. This projected growth is attributed to an increase in demand for computers, communication equipment, and military equipment. Additional jobs are being created through research and development of new types of industrial robot control systems and aviation electronics. Despite this rapid growth, a majority of openings will result from a need to replace electrical and electronics engineers who leave the labor force, transfer to other occupations or fields, move into management, or retire.
- 7. ELECTRICIAN Electrician may specialize in construction, maintenance, or both. Electricians assemble, install, and maintain heating, lighting, power, air-conditioning, and refrigeration components. The work of an electrician is active and sometimes strenuous. An electrician risks injury from electrical shock, falls, and cuts from sharp objects. To decrease the risk of these job-related hazards, an electrician is taught to use protective equipment and clothing to prevent shocks and other injuries. An electrician must adhere to the National Electrical Code® (NEC®)* specifications and procedures, as well as to the requirements of state, county, and municipal electric codes.
- 8. ELECTRICIAN A large proportion of electricians are trained through apprenticeship programs. These programs are comprehensive, and people who complete them are qualified for both maintenance and construction work. Most localities require that an electrician be licensed. To obtain the license, electricians must pass an examination that tests their knowledge of electrical theory, the National Electrical Code®, and local electrical and building codes.
- 9. Electronics technicians develop, manufacture, and service electronic equipment, and they use sophisticated measuring and diagnostic equipmet to test, adjust, and repair electronic equipment. This equipment includes radio, radar, sonar, television, and computers, as well as industrial and medical measuring and controlling devices. ELECTRONICS TECHNICIAN
- 10. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN AN ENGINEER AND A TECHNICIAN TECHNICIAN Electronics engineering is an electrical engineering discipline involved with designing electronic circuits, devices, and systems. ENGINEER Electronics technicians are expected to repair, maintain, assemble, and test electronics equipment.
- 11. ADDITIONALLY... TECHNICIAN An electronic technician can satisfy specific requirements by passing an exam and earning professional certification through certification agencies. Two such agencies are Electronics Technicians Association International (ETA-I) and International Society of Certified Electronics Technicians (ISCET).Many government and private organizations require certification as a qualification for their positions, so passing one or more of the exams generally makes a technician more employable.
- 13. DISCOVERY OF ELECTRONS The electron was discovered in 1897 by the English physicist Joseph John Thomson during investigations of cathode rays. Electrons are tiny particles within atoms that march around defined paths known as circuits carrying electrical energy.
- 14. JOHN AMBROSE FLEMING An English engineer who invented the vacuum diode in 1897 that started the existence of the electronics era.
- 15. Vacuum Diode - also called 'Fleming valve' or 'thermionic tube'. It is an electronic device that allows the electric current in one direction (cathode to anode) and blocks the electric current in another direction (anode to cathode).
- 16. LEE DE FOREST In 1906 Lee De Forest modified the vacum diode of J.A. Fleming and named it as Vacuum Triode or Audion (patented). The Triode has 3 terminals. Anode, Cathode and Grid terminal. Grid electrode controls the current flow from anode to cathode. This feature could boost the power of electrical signals. It also made possible live radio broadcasting and became the key component of all radio, telephone, radar, television, and computer systems before the invention of the transistor in 1947. VACUUM TRIODE OR AUDION
- 17. JOHN BARDEEN, WALTER BRATTAIN AND WILLIAM SHOCKLEY The real development started with the invention of the transistor in 1948 in Bell Laboratories. Large Bulky Vacuum diodes are replaced with junction transistor. Transistors are initially made with germanium material, later on, silicon BJT (Bipolar Junction Transistor) are grown up. Most of the devices developed today are made up of silicon only due to its low cost.
- 18. JACK KILBY To reduce the size and cost of the entire circuit Jack Kilby introduced a new concept. This idea entirely changed the world. The complete interconnected circuit is placed on a single chip commonly called VLSI (Very Large Scale Integrated). Computer processors used today are made up of billions of transistors integrated on a single IC. INTEGRATED CIRCUIT (IC)
- 21. This is categorized as : a. Office Gadgets b. Home Appliances c. Audio and Video Systems d. Advanced Consumer Devices e. Storage Devices THE DEVICES AND EQUIPMENT MEANT FOR DAILY USE ARE KNOWN AS CUSTOMER ELECTRONICS; THIS INDUSTRY IS WIDELY APPLICABLE TO THE COMMON PEOPLE. 1. CONSUMER ELECTRONICS
- 22. 2. INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRONICS Electronics Engineering has a huge impact on the smooth functioning of the industries and is powerful in making real-time automation. Digital system based on two-way communication Self-monitoring and Debugging Valid Distribution of electricity Features of Smart Grid SMART GRID SYSTEMS Smart electric systems collect information from the communication technology and react accordingly based on power consumption. It is an application of intelligence, computing, and networked electricity systems. SMART METER
- 23. Machines are replacing humans these days with increased productivity, time and cost. Moreover, safety is also considered for unmanageable works. Hence to delegate the human’s, automation has become the preferable choice for industries. INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION AND MOTION CONTROL IMAGE PROCESSING 3D world has evolved from a single or multiple 2D images. Various algorithms are developed to extract 3D information from 2D patterns. Moreover, image processing has involved in Computer Graphics, Artificial intelligence, Robotics for Navigation, Inspection and Assembly, Computer Vision for Face and Gesture Recognition, Virtual Reality, Medical Analysis.
- 24. Electrocardiogram (ECG) Ultrasound X-ray Pace Maker Some of the medical devices and equipments used are: Electronics are used to developed technologies and instruments which are used to aid in the diagnosis and determination of medical issues. They are also used in research that leads to the development of treatments and cures for diseases and even genetic defects. Stethoscope Respiration Monitors Defibrillator Glucose Meter 3. MEDICAL APPLICATIONS
- 25. 4. DEFENSE AND AEROSPACE Electronics technology has been used extensively in the defense and aeronautical systems, which includes: ·Missile Launching systems ·Rocket Launchers for space ·Aircraft systems ·Cockpit controllers ·Military Radars ·Boom barrier for military applications
- 26. ELECTRONICS ARE WIDELY USED IN THE LATEST AUTOMOBILE TECHNOLOGY SUCH AS IN ENGINE CONTROL AND CAR ENTERTAINMENT SYSTEMS. Anti-collision unit Infotainment console Anti-lock braking system Cruise control Traction control Window regulators Electronic Control Unit (ECU) Airbag control 5. AUTOMOTIVE / AUTOMOBILE
- 27. 6. METEOROLOGICAL AND OCEANOGRAPHIC ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING IS DONE THROUGH VARIOUS SENSORS AND AUTOMATIC WEATHER STATIONS. SOME OF THEM ARE: Barometer for measuring atmospheric pressure. Anemometer measures the wind speed and wind direction. Rain Gauge for measuring liquid precipitation over a set period of time. Hygrometer for measuring humidity. Drifter Buoy measures current, temperature, and pressure levels in the ocean. Data Logger for storing the data collected from various sensors like humidity, temperature, wind speed and direction, solar radiation, rain scale, etc.
- 28. 1 3 2 C O M M O N E L E C T R O N I C S C O M P O N E N T S C O M M O N E L E C T R O N I C S C O M P O N E N T S
- 29. RESISTORS These are the simplest components in any circuit. Their job is to restrict the flow of electrons and reduce the current or voltage flowing by converting electrical energy into heat. Resistors come in many different shapes and sizes. Variable resistors (also known as potentiometers) have a dial control on them so they change the amount of resistance when you turn them. Volume controls in audio equipment use variable resistors like these.
- 31. CAPACITORS These relatively simple components consist of two pieces of conducting material (such as metal) separated by a non-conducting (insulating) material called a dielectric. They are often used as timing devices, but they can transform electrical currents in other ways too. In a radio, one of the most important jobs, tuning into the station you want to listen to, is done by a capacitor.
- 33. INDUCTORS An inductor is a passive component that is used in most power electronic circuits to store energy in the form of magnetic energy when electricity is applied to it. One of the key properties of an inductor is that it impedes or opposes any change in the amount of current flowing through it.
- 34. DIODES The electronic equivalents of one-way streets, diodes allow an electric current to flow through them in only one direction. They are also known as rectifiers. Diodes can be used to change alternating currents (ones flowing back and forth round a circuit, constantly swapping direction) into direct currents (ones that always flow in the same direction).
- 36. TRANSISTOR Easily the most important components in computers, transistors can switch tiny electric currents on and off or amplify them (transform small electric currents into much larger ones). Transistors that work as switches act as the memories in computers, while transistors working as amplifiers boost the volume of sounds in hearing aids. When transistors are connected together, they make devices called logic gates that can carry out very basic forms of decision making.
- 38. Switch is a device that controls the flow of electricity in a circuit. SWITCH
- 40. Relays are electrical switches that open and close circuits electromechanically or electronically. Relays
- 41. Solid-State Relays Reed Relays Optical Relays Thermal Relays Time Delay Relays Specialty Relays Types of Relays
- 42. Battery is a device that stores electrical energy and is capable of providing electrical power to operate a device when needed. Battery
- 44. A buzzer is an electronic device that produces a buzzing sound when an electrical current is passed through it. Buzzer
- 45. LED stands for Light Emitting Diode, which is a type of semiconductor device that emits light when an electrical current is passed through it. LED
- 46. 1. What field has developed devices or technologies that are meant for daily use and are widely applicable to the common people? a. Industrial Application of Electronics b. Consumer Electronics c. Defense and Aerospace Electronics d. Medical Application of Electronics 2. Which among the choices is not a device or technology that was developed for the field of medicine? a. Glucose Meter b. Anemometer c. Pace Maker d. Defibrillator QUIZ: 3. A diode can act as a _______ and __________. a Resistor and Transistor b. Conductor and Insulator c. Resistor and Capacitor d. Capacitor and Inductor 4. It is a passive electrical component that creates resistance in the flow electrical current. a. Transciptor b. Transgender c. Resistor d. Inductor
- 47. QUIZ The three invented the transistor in 1948 at Bell Laboratory EXCEPT: 1. a. John Bardeen b. Walter Brattain c. Jack Kilby d. William Shockley
- 48. QUIZ Which among the choices is not a device/ technology that was developed for the field of medicine? 2. a. Glucose Meter c. Pace Maker b. Anemometer d. Defibrillator
- 49. QUIZ A diode can act as a _______ and __________. 3. a Resistor and Transistor b. Conductor and Insulator c. Resistor and Capacitor d. Capacitor and Inductor
- 50. QUIZ It is an electronic device that allows the electric current in one direction (cathode to anode) and blocks the electric current in another direction (anode to cathode). 4. a. Transistor c. Vacuum Triode b. Audion d. Vacuum Diode
- 51. QUIZ It is a passive electrical component that creates resistance in the flow electrical current. 5. a. Transciptor c. Resistor b. Transgender d. Inductor
- 52. QUIZ ______________ may specialize in construction, maintenance, or both. 6. a. Electricians c. Electronics technicians b. Technicians
- 53. QUIZ What field has developed devices or technologies that are meant for daily use and are widely applicable to the common people? 7. a. Industrial Application of Electronics b. Consumer Electronics c. Defense and Aerospace Electronics d. Medical Application of Electronics
- 54. QUIZ _____________ are expected to repair, maintain, assemble, and test electronics equipment. 8. a. Electricians c. Electronics technicians b. Technicians
- 55. QUIZ A device that controls the flow of electricity in a circuit. 9. a. Sheesh b. Switch c . Which d. Sweets
- 56. QUIZ A device that stores electrical energy and is capable of providing electrical power to operate a device when needed. 10. a. Buttery c. Battery b. Bakitthree d. Bakery
- 57. ANSWERS: ANSWERS: C. Jack Kilby B. Anemometer B. Conductor and Insulator D. Vacuum Diode C. Resistor 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. A. Electricians 7. B. Consumer Electronics 8. C. Electronics Technicians 9. B. Switch 10. C. Battery
- 59. GROUP 3: ABASOLO, ABJA AVELLANA, ETHEL MAFFY CAMPOLLO, MARIA KYLA CAMUS, JEREMY CARRIDO, MISTY