Hazard perception and response kates
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Perception of hazards is influenced by the information we receive and how we filter and distort it, leading to perceptions that may not match reality. As a result, individual, community and national responses to hazard risks are significantly shaped by perception. A model of human perception and response shows that natural hazards pass through a perceptual environment before eliciting a behavioral response, with increasing distance and impersonality affecting this process. Perceptions of acceptance, dominance, or adaptation then determine responses of doing nothing and accepting losses, pursuing technological solutions, or adapting lifestyles and behaviors respectively.
Hazard perception and response kates
- 1. Hazard perception and response. • Perception is what we believe or understand about something. • At an individual level our perception of risk often fails to match the reality because we receive filter and distort information. • Therefore responses to hazard risks at an individual, community and national level may be significantly influenced by perception.
- 2. receipt interpretation External stimuli & signals assessment response I Operational Geographical N Perceptual Behavioural environment environment D environment environment I V I Increasing distance D & impersonality U A L THE INDIVIDUAL AND HIS COGNITIVE ENVIRONMENT.
- 3. Modification & Adjustment Human Use systems Actual Hazard Perception Perception Of Human Natural Response threshold Hazard Hazard Natural systems Modification & Adjustment MODEL OF HUMAN PERCEPTION & REPONSE (After Kates, 1992)
- 4. Awareness Action Intolerance threshold threshold threshold ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS Absorb Accept or Search for Change use losses share losses effective adjustments or location Absorptive Adjustment capacity necessary Thresholds of perception and response.
- 5. Characteristics of different perceptions. Domination: Hazards Domination: Hazards predictable through predictable through Acceptance: Acceptance: scientific research scientific research Natural events, Natural events, ,controllable with ,controllable with acts of God, acts of God, technology. technology. events random events random & part of & part of everyday life. everyday life. Adaptation: hazards influenced Adaptation: hazards influenced by human & natural systems. by human & natural systems. Magnitude and frequency may Magnitude and frequency may be estimated-based on be estimated-based on experience & research. experience & research.
- 6. Perception & response links. Perception Response Acceptance. Do nothing. Accept losses. Dominance. The technological fix- building dams, forecasting technology,earthquake proofing etc. Adaptation. •At traditional level lifestyle may be adapted to environmental risks e.g. nomadism. •Modern level means changing human behaviour as well as trying to control environment.
- 7. Perception & response links. Perception Response Acceptance. Do nothing. Accept losses. Dominance. The technological fix- building dams, forecasting technology,earthquake proofing etc. Adaptation. •At traditional level lifestyle may be adapted to environmental risks e.g. nomadism. •Modern level means changing human behaviour as well as trying to control environment.