Hierarachy of space4
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The document discusses hierarchies for organizing urban space, including a roading hierarchy and open space hierarchy. The roading hierarchy has four levels - high streets, secondary streets, residential streets, and lanes. Public open space should be accessible and scaled to the streets they are located next to. Neighborhoods, districts, and corridors are the fundamental organizing elements of new urbanism. Streets, blocks, and buildings are the basic physical forms that shape new urbanism. Urban land use patterns have been modeled using concentric zone theory, sector model, multiple nuclei model, and urban realms theory.
Hierarachy of space4
- 1. HIERARCHY OF SPACE ROADING HIERARCHY OPEN SPACE HIERARCHY
- 2. ROADING HIERARCHY STRUCTURE: Good roading structure for an urban area is based on an interconnected series of hierarchies. 1. High Streets : the original radial routes into a city, linking sub centres and main shopping streets within each centre. It is usually a focal point for shops and retailers in city centres, and is most often used in reference to retailing.
- 3. ROADING HIERARCHY 2. Secondary Streets : provide the main circulation routes within communities, rather than between them. They generally include a mix of uses, including local shopping and business, with the balance being residential.
- 4. ROADING HIERARCHY 3. Residential (Tertiary) Streets : carry only a small amount of traffic and cater for few people other than those who live or work there. These streets serve as a focus for local communities. They also need to accommodate parked cars and community activity (such as children playing). These streets account for the majority of streets in an urban area.
- 5. ROADING HIERARCHY 4. Lanes : these are roadways that service a group of houses within a block. Where possible these should have the same qualities as an ordinary street. They should be overlooked, fronted onto and connected at both ends.
- 6. ROADING HIERARCHY LEGEND: 1 – HIGH STREETS 2 – SECONDARY STREETS 3 – RESIDENTIALSTREETS 4 – LANES
- 7. PUBLIC OPEN SPACE Public open space needs to be accessible to as much of the public as possible. The size and scale will be relative to its location in the roading hierarchy - major parks need to be beside major streets, and residential scale parks need to be beside residential streets.
- 9. districts neighborhood These three are the fundamental organizing elements of new urbanism. corridors
- 10. NEIGHBORHOODS Are urbanized areas with a balanced mix of human activity. Generally defined spatially as a specific geographic area and functionally as a set of social networks.
- 11. DISTRICTS NEIGHBORHOODS Districts are areas dominated by a single activity.
- 12. CORRIDORS DISTRICTS Corridors are connectors and separators of neighborhoods and districts.
- 13. BLOCKS STREETS The form of new urbanism is realized by the deliberate assembly of streets, blocks and buildings. BUILDINGS
- 14. STREETS DISTRICTS Streets are not the dividing lines within the city, but are to be communal rooms and passages.
- 15. BLOCKS Blocks are the fields on which unfolds both the building fabric and the plastic realm of the city.
- 16. BUILDINGS Buildings are the smallest increment, their proper configuration and placement relative to each other determines the character of each settlement.
- 17. Urban models • Concentratic Zone Theory • Sector Model • Multiple Nuclei Model • Urban Realms To describe the land use patterns in the traditional North American city.
- 18. Concentratic Zone Theory • Attributedto the research of E.W.Burgess • Derived frm a Central Business District at the Center, around which all other uses formed • Includes transition zone • Simplicity has stood test of time
- 19. Sector Model • Economist Homer Hoyt in 1939 • Uses grow with the CBD in specific directions • Most cities grow in the direction of the higher income
- 20. Multiple Nuclei Model • Geographers Chauncy Harris and Edward Pulliman • Alternative conceptualization of urban form • Recognizes that different activities have varying accessibility requirements.
- 21. Urban Realms • Sociologist James Vance • Under the observation of the three previous conceptualizations, rather than one exclusively • Emergence of large self- sufficient suburban sectors • Culmination of the impact of the automobile on the urban form • Best application was the Metropolitan Los Angeles, U.S.A