Historical development of
LOGI
A
R
I
S
T
O
T
L
E
FOUNDER OF
LOGIC
SIX TREATIES ON
LOGICAL MATTERS
1 Categories
Discusses 10 Aristotle’s basic kinds of
entities:
• Substance
• Quantity
• Quality
• Relation
• Place
• Time
• Position
• State
• Action
• Passion
However….
It has little to do with
logic in the modern
sense.
2 On interpretation
Includes a statement of
Aristotle’s semantics, along with
a study of the structure of
certain basic kinds of
propositions and their
interrelations.
3 Prior analytics
Containing the
theory of
syllogistic.
4 Posterior analytics
Presents Aristotle’s theory of
“scientific demonstration” in his
special sense. This is Aristotle’s
account of the philosophy of
science or scientific
methodology.
5 topics
Contains a study of non-
demonstrative reasoning.
It is a miscellany of how
to conduct a good
argument.
6 Sophistic Refutations
A discussion of various kinds
of fallacies. It was originally
intended as a ninth book of
the Topics.
ZENO
The
STOIC
He is a Greek Philosopher who
was also known as Zeno of
Citium, who was born in
Citium, Cyprus. Little is known
of his early life except that his
contemporaries referred to him
as a Phoenician.
Zeno founded his
own school of
philosophy, known as
STOICISM.
Stoicism had a
powerfully developed
system of philosophy,
which covered logic,
ethics and physics.
POPHYRIUS
He is a Neoplatonist Philosopher
who was also know as Poryphy
from tyre in Phoenicia. He
studied with Longinus in Athens
and then with Plotinus in Rome
from 263–269 C.E. and became
a follower of the latter's version
of Platonism.
Isagoge, which was written
by Poryphyr in Greek and
translated by Boethius in
Latin became the standard
textbook on logic for at least
a millennium after his death
in 304 A. D.
Severinus
Boethius
He was a Roman Christian
Philosopher who translated
Aristotle’s Organon and
Porpyrius’ Isagoge and became
an important figure in bridging
the world of ancient philosophy
and the middle ages.
A
V
I
C
E
N
N
a
Abu ‘Ali al-Husayn ibn Sina is
better known in Europe by the
Latinized name “Avicenna.” He is
probably the most significant
philosopher in the Islamic
tradition and arguably the most
influential philosopher of the pre-
modern era.
Averros
Abu al-Walid Muhammad ibn Ahmad
ibn Rushd, better known in the Latin
West as Averroes, lived during a
unique period in Western intellectual
history, in which interest in
philosophy and theology was waning
in the Muslim world and just
beginning to flourish in Latin
Christendom.
FOR AVICENNA AND
AVERROS
They both wrote
commentaries on
Aristotle’s
Organon.
St. Thomas
Aquinas
He was born in the Kingdom of Naples at
Rocca Secca purportedly between the
years 1225 and 1227. When he was
transferred to Frederick II’s University of
Naples, he was introduced to the new
Dominican order and most likely where
he was first introduced to the works
of Aristotle, Averroes and Maimonides
that would have such a profound
influence on him.
He presented his
intensive commentaries
on the logical work of
Aristotle called the
Comprehensive Science
of Logic.
Francis
Beacon
He wrote a Philosophical work entitled
“Novum Organum” which was written in
Latin and published in 1620. The title is a
reference to Aristotle's work Organon,
which was his treatise
on logic and syllogism. In Novum
Organum, Beacon details a new system of
logic he believes to be superior to the old
ways of syllogism. This is now known as
the “Baconian method”.
George
Boole
He was known to be
the father of the
New Symbolic Logic.
I-BEE
Prepared by:

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Historical Development of Logic

  • 5. 1 Categories Discusses 10 Aristotle’s basic kinds of entities: • Substance • Quantity • Quality • Relation • Place • Time • Position • State • Action • Passion
  • 6. However…. It has little to do with logic in the modern sense.
  • 7. 2 On interpretation Includes a statement of Aristotle’s semantics, along with a study of the structure of certain basic kinds of propositions and their interrelations.
  • 8. 3 Prior analytics Containing the theory of syllogistic.
  • 9. 4 Posterior analytics Presents Aristotle’s theory of “scientific demonstration” in his special sense. This is Aristotle’s account of the philosophy of science or scientific methodology.
  • 10. 5 topics Contains a study of non- demonstrative reasoning. It is a miscellany of how to conduct a good argument.
  • 11. 6 Sophistic Refutations A discussion of various kinds of fallacies. It was originally intended as a ninth book of the Topics.
  • 13. He is a Greek Philosopher who was also known as Zeno of Citium, who was born in Citium, Cyprus. Little is known of his early life except that his contemporaries referred to him as a Phoenician.
  • 14. Zeno founded his own school of philosophy, known as STOICISM.
  • 15. Stoicism had a powerfully developed system of philosophy, which covered logic, ethics and physics.
  • 17. He is a Neoplatonist Philosopher who was also know as Poryphy from tyre in Phoenicia. He studied with Longinus in Athens and then with Plotinus in Rome from 263–269 C.E. and became a follower of the latter's version of Platonism.
  • 18. Isagoge, which was written by Poryphyr in Greek and translated by Boethius in Latin became the standard textbook on logic for at least a millennium after his death in 304 A. D.
  • 20. He was a Roman Christian Philosopher who translated Aristotle’s Organon and Porpyrius’ Isagoge and became an important figure in bridging the world of ancient philosophy and the middle ages.
  • 22. Abu ‘Ali al-Husayn ibn Sina is better known in Europe by the Latinized name “Avicenna.” He is probably the most significant philosopher in the Islamic tradition and arguably the most influential philosopher of the pre- modern era.
  • 24. Abu al-Walid Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Rushd, better known in the Latin West as Averroes, lived during a unique period in Western intellectual history, in which interest in philosophy and theology was waning in the Muslim world and just beginning to flourish in Latin Christendom.
  • 25. FOR AVICENNA AND AVERROS They both wrote commentaries on Aristotle’s Organon.
  • 27. He was born in the Kingdom of Naples at Rocca Secca purportedly between the years 1225 and 1227. When he was transferred to Frederick II’s University of Naples, he was introduced to the new Dominican order and most likely where he was first introduced to the works of Aristotle, Averroes and Maimonides that would have such a profound influence on him.
  • 28. He presented his intensive commentaries on the logical work of Aristotle called the Comprehensive Science of Logic.
  • 30. He wrote a Philosophical work entitled “Novum Organum” which was written in Latin and published in 1620. The title is a reference to Aristotle's work Organon, which was his treatise on logic and syllogism. In Novum Organum, Beacon details a new system of logic he believes to be superior to the old ways of syllogism. This is now known as the “Baconian method”.
  • 32. He was known to be the father of the New Symbolic Logic.